英語翻譯中數字和倍數的翻譯表達
1、數字的表達
數(shu)(shu)(shu)字在英(ying)語和(he)漢語中的(de)表達方式是(shi)(shi)不同的(de)。漢語是(shi)(shi)個(ge),十(shi)(shi),百(bai)(bai),千(qian),萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan),十(shi)(shi)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan),百(bai)(bai)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan),千(qian)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan),億(yi),十(shi)(shi)億(yi)……,也就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)“十(shi)(shi)”的(de)倍(bei)(bei)數(shu)(shu)(shu)來表示;而英(ying)語則是(shi)(shi)在數(shu)(shu)(shu)字超過千(qian)以(yi)(yi)后,以(yi)(yi)“千(qian)”(thousand)的(de)倍(bei)(bei)數(shu)(shu)(shu)來表達,如“一萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)”是(shi)(shi)“十(shi)(shi)千(qian)”,即(ji)(ji)ten thousand;“十(shi)(shi)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)”是(shi)(shi)“百(bai)(bai)千(qian)”,即(ji)(ji)hundred thousand;“百(bai)(bai)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)”為million。百(bai)(bai)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)以(yi)(yi)上的(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字則用“百(bai)(bai)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)”的(de)倍(bei)(bei)數(shu)(shu)(shu)表達,如“千(qian)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)”是(shi)(shi)“十(shi)(shi)百(bai)(bai)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)”,即(ji)(ji)ten million;“億(yi)”是(shi)(shi)“百(bai)(bai)百(bai)(bai)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)”,即(ji)(ji)hundred million;“十(shi)(shi)億(yi)”為billion。對于(yu)四位以(yi)(yi)上的(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字,我(wo)們也可以(yi)(yi)說(shuo)漢語中是(shi)(shi)四位計數(shu)(shu)(shu)(萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan),億(yi)),而英(ying)語中是(shi)(shi)三位計數(shu)(shu)(shu)(thousand,million,billion,trillion)。了解了兩者的(de)區別(bie)之后,我(wo)們在翻(fan)譯數(shu)(shu)(shu)字的(de)時候就(jiu)要注意思維和(he)表達方式的(de)轉換。
翻譯時(shi)常會(hui)遇到一些較(jiao)籠統的(de)數字,如“幾(ji)(ji)個(ge)(ge)(ge)”、“十(shi)(shi)幾(ji)(ji)個(ge)(ge)(ge)”、“幾(ji)(ji)十(shi)(shi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)”等,這類表達法需(xu)要(yao)熟記:幾(ji)(ji)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(some,a few,several,a number of),十(shi)(shi)幾(ji)(ji)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(more than ten,no more than twenty),幾(ji)(ji)十(shi)(shi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(dozens of),幾(ji)(ji)十(shi)(shi)年(decades),七(qi)十(shi)(shi)好(hao)幾(ji)(ji)(well over seventy),好(hao)幾(ji)(ji)百個(ge)(ge)(ge)(hundreds of),成(cheng)千上萬(wan)(thousands of),幾(ji)(ji)十(shi)(shi)萬(wan)(hundreds of thousands of),億(yi)萬(wan)(hundreds of millions of)等。
例:123456789
在(zai)英(ying)語中,我們這樣看(kan):123,456,789,讀作:one hundred and twenty-three million four hundred and fifty-six thousand seven hundred and eighty-nine。
在漢語中,我們這樣看:1,2345,6789,讀(du)作:一億(yi)兩千三(san)百四十五萬六千七百八十九。
2、數字倍數的表達以及翻譯
英語表示倍(bei)數(shu)(shu)增減或倍(bei)數(shu)(shu)對(dui)比的(de)句(ju)型多種多樣(yang),其中有(you)一些很容易(yi)譯錯,主要原(yuan)因(yin)在(zai)于(yu):英漢兩種語言在(zai)表述或對(dui)比倍(bei)數(shu)(shu)方面存(cun)在(zai)著語言與思維(wei)差異(yi)。現將常用的(de)英語倍(bei)數(shu)(shu)句(ju)型及其正確澤(ze)法(fa)歸納如下:
A is n times bigger(longer,more,...)than B.
A is n times as big(long,much,...)as B.
A is n times the size(length,amount,...)of B.
以上(shang)三句(ju)都(dou)表示A的大小(xiao)(長度,數量,……)是B的n倍或A比B大(長,多(duo),……)n-1倍。