英語翻譯中數字和倍數的翻譯表達
1、數字的表達
數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)在英(ying)(ying)語和漢語中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)表(biao)達(da)方(fang)式是不同的(de)(de)。漢語是個,十(shi),百(bai)(bai),千(qian),萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan),十(shi)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan),百(bai)(bai)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan),千(qian)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan),億(yi)(yi),十(shi)億(yi)(yi)……,也(ye)就(jiu)是以(yi)(yi)“十(shi)”的(de)(de)倍數(shu)(shu)(shu)來(lai)表(biao)示;而(er)英(ying)(ying)語則是在數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)超過千(qian)以(yi)(yi)后,以(yi)(yi)“千(qian)”(thousand)的(de)(de)倍數(shu)(shu)(shu)來(lai)表(biao)達(da),如“一萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)”是“十(shi)千(qian)”,即ten thousand;“十(shi)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)”是“百(bai)(bai)千(qian)”,即hundred thousand;“百(bai)(bai)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)”為million。百(bai)(bai)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)以(yi)(yi)上的(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)則用“百(bai)(bai)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)”的(de)(de)倍數(shu)(shu)(shu)表(biao)達(da),如“千(qian)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)”是“十(shi)百(bai)(bai)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)”,即ten million;“億(yi)(yi)”是“百(bai)(bai)百(bai)(bai)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)”,即hundred million;“十(shi)億(yi)(yi)”為billion。對(dui)于(yu)四位(wei)以(yi)(yi)上的(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi),我們也(ye)可以(yi)(yi)說漢語中(zhong)(zhong)是四位(wei)計數(shu)(shu)(shu)(萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan),億(yi)(yi)),而(er)英(ying)(ying)語中(zhong)(zhong)是三位(wei)計數(shu)(shu)(shu)(thousand,million,billion,trillion)。了(le)解了(le)兩者的(de)(de)區別之后,我們在翻譯數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)時候就(jiu)要注(zhu)意思維和表(biao)達(da)方(fang)式的(de)(de)轉換(huan)。
翻譯時常會(hui)遇到一些較籠統的(de)數(shu)字,如(ru)“幾(ji)個(ge)(ge)”、“十(shi)(shi)(shi)幾(ji)個(ge)(ge)”、“幾(ji)十(shi)(shi)(shi)個(ge)(ge)”等,這類表達法需要熟記(ji):幾(ji)個(ge)(ge)(some,a few,several,a number of),十(shi)(shi)(shi)幾(ji)個(ge)(ge)(more than ten,no more than twenty),幾(ji)十(shi)(shi)(shi)個(ge)(ge)(dozens of),幾(ji)十(shi)(shi)(shi)年(decades),七十(shi)(shi)(shi)好幾(ji)(well over seventy),好幾(ji)百個(ge)(ge)(hundreds of),成(cheng)千上(shang)萬(thousands of),幾(ji)十(shi)(shi)(shi)萬(hundreds of thousands of),億(yi)萬(hundreds of millions of)等。
例(li):123456789
在英語中(zhong),我們這樣看:123,456,789,讀作:one hundred and twenty-three million four hundred and fifty-six thousand seven hundred and eighty-nine。
在漢(han)語中,我們這樣看:1,2345,6789,讀作:一億兩千三百四十五萬六千七百八(ba)十九。
2、數字倍數的表達以及翻譯
英語表示倍數(shu)增(zeng)減或倍數(shu)對比的(de)句型多(duo)種多(duo)樣(yang),其(qi)(qi)中有(you)一些很容易(yi)譯錯,主要原因在于:英(ying)漢(han)兩種語言在表述或對比倍數(shu)方面存在著(zhu)語言與思(si)維(wei)差(cha)異(yi)。現將常(chang)用(yong)的(de)英(ying)語倍數(shu)句型及其(qi)(qi)正確澤法歸納如下:
A is n times bigger(longer,more,...)than B.
A is n times as big(long,much,...)as B.
A is n times the size(length,amount,...)of B.
以上(shang)三句都(dou)表示A的(de)大小(xiao)(長(chang)度(du),數量,……)是(shi)B的(de)n倍或A比(bi)B大(長(chang),多,……)n-1倍。