一、什么是電磁閥
電磁閥是用電磁控制的工業設備,是用來控制流體的自動化基礎元件,屬于執行器,并不限于液壓、氣動。用在工業控制系統中調整介質的方向、流量、速度和其他的參數。品牌電磁閥可(ke)以(yi)配合不同(tong)的(de)(de)電(dian)路來實現預期(qi)的(de)(de)控(kong)制,而控(kong)制的(de)(de)精度和靈活性都能夠保證。
二、電磁閥工作原理
電(dian)磁閥里有密閉的(de)(de)腔(qiang),在不(bu)同位置開有通(tong)(tong)孔,每個(ge)孔連(lian)接(jie)不(bu)同的(de)(de)油(you)管,腔(qiang)中間是(shi)活(huo)塞,兩面是(shi)兩塊電(dian)磁鐵,哪面的(de)(de)磁鐵線(xian)圈(quan)通(tong)(tong)電(dian)閥體(ti)就會被(bei)吸引到哪邊(bian),通(tong)(tong)過控制閥體(ti)的(de)(de)移動(dong)來開啟(qi)或關閉不(bu)同的(de)(de)排(pai)油(you)孔,而進油(you)孔是(shi)常開的(de)(de),液壓油(you)就會進入不(bu)同的(de)(de)排(pai)油(you)管,然(ran)后通(tong)(tong)過油(you)的(de)(de)壓力來推動(dong)油(you)缸的(de)(de)活(huo)塞,活(huo)塞又帶動(dong)活(huo)塞桿(gan),活(huo)塞桿(gan)帶動(dong)機械裝置。這樣通(tong)(tong)過控制電(dian)磁鐵的(de)(de)電(dian)流(liu)通(tong)(tong)斷就控制了(le)機械運(yun)動(dong)。
三、電磁閥有幾種類型
1、電磁閥從原理上分為三大類:
(1)直動式電磁閥
原理:通電(dian)時,電(dian)磁線圈產(chan)生電(dian)磁力把關(guan)閉件從(cong)閥座(zuo)上提起,閥門(men)打開;斷(duan)電(dian)時,電(dian)磁力消失,彈簧把關(guan)閉件壓(ya)在閥座(zuo)上,閥門(men)關(guan)閉。
特點:在真空、負壓、零壓時能正常工作,但通徑一(yi)般不超(chao)過(guo)25mm。
(2)分步直動式電磁閥
原(yuan)理:它是一種直動(dong)和先(xian)導(dao)式相結(jie)合(he)的原(yuan)理,當入口與(yu)出口沒有壓(ya)差時,通(tong)電后,電磁力(li)直接把先(xian)導(dao)小閥(fa)(fa)(fa)和主閥(fa)(fa)(fa)關(guan)(guan)閉(bi)件依次向(xiang)上提起(qi),閥(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)打開(kai)。當入口與(yu)出口達到啟(qi)動(dong)壓(ya)差時,通(tong)電后,電磁力(li)先(xian)導(dao)小閥(fa)(fa)(fa),主閥(fa)(fa)(fa)下腔壓(ya)力(li)上升,上腔壓(ya)力(li)下降(jiang),從而(er)利(li)用(yong)壓(ya)差把主閥(fa)(fa)(fa)向(xiang)上推開(kai);斷電時,先(xian)導(dao)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)利(li)用(yong)彈簧力(li)或介(jie)質壓(ya)力(li)推動(dong)關(guan)(guan)閉(bi)件,向(xiang)下移動(dong),使(shi)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)關(guan)(guan)閉(bi)。
特點(dian):在(zai)零壓(ya)差或真(zhen)空(kong)、高壓(ya)時(shi)亦能(neng)可動作,但功率較大,要求必(bi)須水平安裝(zhuang)。
(3)先導式電磁閥
原(yuan)理:通(tong)(tong)電(dian)時,電(dian)磁力(li)把先(xian)導孔(kong)(kong)打(da)(da)開,上(shang)(shang)腔室(shi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)迅(xun)速下(xia)(xia)降,在關 閉件(jian)周(zhou)圍形(xing)成(cheng)上(shang)(shang)低(di)下(xia)(xia)高的壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)差(cha),流體(ti)(ti)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)推動(dong)關閉件(jian)向上(shang)(shang)移動(dong),閥(fa)門(men)打(da)(da)開;斷電(dian)時,彈簧(huang)力(li)把先(xian)導孔(kong)(kong)關閉,入口壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)通(tong)(tong)過旁通(tong)(tong)孔(kong)(kong)迅(xun)速腔室(shi)在關閥(fa)件(jian)周(zhou)圍形(xing)成(cheng)下(xia)(xia)低(di)上(shang)(shang)高的壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)差(cha),流體(ti)(ti)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)推動(dong)關閉件(jian)向下(xia)(xia)移動(dong),關閉閥(fa)門(men)。
特點(dian):流(liu)體(ti)(ti)壓力(li)范圍上限較高,可(ke)任意安裝(需定制)但必(bi)須滿足流(liu)體(ti)(ti)壓差條件。
2、電磁閥從閥結構和材料上的不同與原理上的區別,分為六個分支小類:直(zhi)動(dong)膜(mo)片結(jie)(jie)構(gou)、分步直(zhi)動(dong)膜(mo)片結(jie)(jie)構(gou)、先(xian)導膜(mo)片結(jie)(jie)構(gou)、直(zhi)動(dong)活(huo)塞結(jie)(jie)構(gou)、分步直(zhi)動(dong)活(huo)塞結(jie)(jie)構(gou)、先(xian)導活(huo)塞結(jie)(jie)構(gou)。
3、電磁閥按照功能分類:水用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)、蒸汽電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)、制冷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)、低溫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)、燃氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)、消防電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)、氨用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)、氣體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)、液體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)、微型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)、脈沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)、液壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)、常(chang)開(kai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)、油用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)、直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)、高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)、防爆電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)等。
選購電磁閥時(shi)千萬(wan)不(bu)要因為價(jia)格(ge)便宜,而盲目跟從購買(mai),選擇(ze)(ze)比(bi)較有(you)知名度(du)的(de)(de)品(pin)牌(pai)(pai),不(bu)僅品(pin)質有(you)保證(zheng),售后服務也有(you)保障。當(dang)然追求(qiu)(qiu)品(pin)牌(pai)(pai)的(de)(de)東西不(bu)一定就(jiu)是追求(qiu)(qiu)價(jia)格(ge)的(de)(de)昂貴,不(bu)同的(de)(de)經濟水平我們可以選擇(ze)(ze)不(bu)同價(jia)位的(de)(de)名牌(pai)(pai)產品(pin)。選擇(ze)(ze)網購商品(pin)的(de)(de)朋友要認準品(pin)牌(pai)(pai)的(de)(de)旗艦店鋪,這樣子(zi)才能做(zuo)到萬(wan)無一失。