一、汽車起重機屬于什么類型的起重機

起重機是指在一定范圍內垂直提升和水平搬運重物的多動作起重機械，它有多種類型，包括門式起重機、橋式起重機、塔式起重機、門座式起重機、纜索式起重機、流動式起重機等多種，那么汽車起重機是什么起重機呢？

在諸(zhu)多(duo)起重(zhong)機的種類中，汽車(che)起重(zhong)機又叫(jiao)汽車(che)吊，屬于(yu)流動式起重(zhong)機的一種，適用于(yu)單件重(zhong)量大的大、中型設(she)備、構件的吊裝，作業周期短，具有適用范(fan)圍廣、機動性好(hao)、可以方便地(di)轉移場地(di)、對道路(lu)或(huo)場地(di)要求高、臺班(ban)費較高等特點。

流動式起重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)除了汽車起重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)外，還有履帶式起重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)、輪胎起重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)、全地面起重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)、隨車起重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)等類型。

二、汽車起重機的構造

汽(qi)車(che)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)主(zhu)要由起(qi)(qi)(qi)升(sheng)、變幅、回轉、起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)臂和(he)汽(qi)車(che)底(di)盤組(zu)成，由于液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)技術、電子(zi)工業(ye)、高強度(du)(du)鋼材和(he)汽(qi)車(che)工業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)發展，現在的(de)(de)(de)汽(qi)車(che)吊通常采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)系統(tong)(tong)代(dai)替傳統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)械傳動系統(tong)(tong)，液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)汽(qi)車(che)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)系統(tong)(tong)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)泵、定量或(huo)變量馬達實(shi)現起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)起(qi)(qi)(qi)升(sheng)回轉、變幅、起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)臂伸(shen)縮(suo)及支腿伸(shen)縮(suo)并(bing)(bing)可單獨(du)或(huo)組(zu)合(he)動作。馬達采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)過熱保護，并(bing)(bing)有(you)防止(zhi)錯誤操作的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)。大噸位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)汽(qi)車(che)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)選用(yong)(yong)多(duo)聯齒輪泵，合(he)流時還可實(shi)現上述各動作的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)速。在液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)系統(tong)(tong)中設(she)有(you)自(zi)動超負荷(he)安全(quan)閥、緩(huan)沖(chong)閥及液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)鎖等，以防止(zhi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)作業(ye)時過載或(huo)失速及油(you)管(guan)突(tu)然(ran)破裂引起(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)意(yi)外(wai)事故發生。汽(qi)車(che)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)有(you)幅度(du)(du)指(zhi)示器(qi)和(he)高度(du)(du)限(xian)位(wei)器(qi)，防止(zhi)超載或(huo)超伸(shen)距，卷筒和(he)滑輪設(she)有(you)防鋼絲繩跳(tiao)槽(cao)的(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)。

對(dui)于(yu)(yu)16t以下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)汽(qi)車(che)(che)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，要(yao)(yao)求設(she)置(zhi)(zhi)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)顯示器(qi)，16t及16t以上(shang)的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)設(she)置(zhi)(zhi)力(li)矩限制(zhi)器(qi)，且有(you)(you)報警(jing)裝置(zhi)(zhi)。液壓(ya)汽(qi)車(che)(che)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)臂(bei)(bei)由(you)(you)多節(jie)臂(bei)(bei)段組成(cheng)，可以根據(ju)對(dui)起(qi)(qi)升(sheng)高度的(de)(de)不同(tong)要(yao)(yao)求設(she)計。起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)臂(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)伸(shen)(shen)縮方式(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)順序伸(shen)(shen)縮，另一種(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)同(tong)步伸(shen)(shen)縮。大噸(dun)(dun)位的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)了提高起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)能(neng)力(li)大多數都采用同(tong)步伸(shen)(shen)縮。各(ge)臂(bei)(bei)段的(de)(de)伸(shen)(shen)縮由(you)(you)油(you)壓(ya)控(kong)制(zhi)，伸(shen)(shen)縮自如。帶副臂(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，在行(xing)駛狀態時，副臂(bei)(bei)一般安(an)置(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)主臂(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)側方或(huo)下(xia)(xia)方。轉(zhuan)(zhuan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)主要(yao)(yao)用來布置(zhi)(zhi)起(qi)(qi)升(sheng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構、回(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構、起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)臂(bei)(bei)及變(bian)幅(fu)油(you)缸的(de)(de)下(xia)(xia)支點和操(cao)縱(zong)裝置(zhi)(zhi)。對(dui)于(yu)(yu)中、大噸(dun)(dun)位的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)還在轉(zhuan)(zhuan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)上(shang)安(an)置(zhi)(zhi)發動機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。轉(zhuan)(zhuan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)與底架(jia)之(zhi)間用能(neng)承受垂直載(zai)(zai)荷、水平載(zai)(zai)荷及傾覆力(li)矩的(de)(de)回(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)支承聯(lian)接。為(wei)(wei)了防止(zhi)在行(xing)駛時轉(zhuan)(zhuan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)發生滑轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，設(she)有(you)(you)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)鎖(suo)定裝置(zhi)(zhi)。回(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構由(you)(you)定量馬達驅動。回(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構的(de)(de)輸(shu)出齒(chi)輪與回(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)支承齒(chi)輪嚙(nie)合。實現(xian)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)沿回(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)中心作360°回(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)。起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)臂(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)變(bian)幅(fu)，由(you)(you)單只或(huo)雙只液壓(ya)油(you)缸通(tong)過油(you)液控(kong)制(zhi)完(wan)成(cheng)。起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構由(you)(you)油(you)液控(kong)制(zhi)變(bian)量或(huo)定量馬達通(tong)過減速(su)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)驅動卷筒。由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)采用液力(li)變(bian)矩器(qi)，起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)各(ge)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構的(de)(de)運動能(neng)無級變(bian)速(su)，可使載(zai)(zai)荷在微動速(su)度下(xia)(xia)由(you)(you)動力(li)控(kong)制(zhi)下(xia)(xia)降。為(wei)(wei)了防止(zhi)過卷，設(she)有(you)(you)鋼絲(si)繩三圈保(bao)護裝置(zhi)(zhi)及報警(jing)裝置(zhi)(zhi)。中、大噸(dun)(dun)位的(de)(de)汽(qi)車(che)(che)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)可根據(ju)市場需(xu)要(yao)(yao)配置(zhi)(zhi)副起(qi)(qi)升(sheng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構，以供雙鉤(gou)作業。

三、汽車起重機的工作原理

汽車起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機的(de)原(yuan)理很簡單：起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)臂里面的(de)下(xia)面有一(yi)(yi)個轉(zhuan)動卷(juan)筒(tong)，上(shang)面繞(rao)鋼絲繩，鋼絲繩通(tong)過在下(xia)一(yi)(yi)節(jie)臂頂(ding)端上(shang)的(de)滑(hua)輪，將上(shang)一(yi)(yi)節(jie)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)臂拉出去，依此類(lei)推。縮(suo)回時，卷(juan)筒(tong)倒轉(zhuan)回收(shou)鋼絲繩，起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)臂在自重(zhong)(zhong)作(zuo)用下(xia)回縮(suo)。