一、共同犯罪的認定
1、必(bi)須是兩個或者(zhe)兩個以(yi)上(shang)達(da)到法定刑事責(ze)任(ren)年(nian)齡、具有刑事責(ze)任(ren)能力(li)的(de)人;
2、主觀上必須有共同的犯罪故意;
3、在客觀(guan)上必須(xu)有共(gong)同(tong)的犯(fan)罪行為;
4、共同(tong)犯罪行為侵犯的是同(tong)一客體。
法律依據:
《刑法》第二十五條,共同犯罪是指二人以上共同故意犯罪。二人以上共同過失犯罪,不(bu)以(yi)共同犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)論(lun)處;應當負刑事責任的,按照他們所犯(fan)(fan)的罪(zui)分(fen)別處罰(fa)。
二、共同犯罪有哪些分類
1、一般共(gong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)與特殊共(gong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan) 一般共(gong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)是指沒有(you)特殊組織(zhi)形(xing)式(shi)的共(gong)同犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui),共(gong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)人是為實施某(mou)種犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)而(er)臨時結合,一旦犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)完(wan)成,這(zhe)種結合便(bian)不復存在。特殊共(gong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)亦稱有(you)組織(zhi)的共(gong)同犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)、集(ji)團(tuan)性共(gong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),通(tong)稱犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)集(ji)團(tuan)。
2、簡(jian)(jian)單共(gong)(gong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)與復雜(za)共(gong)(gong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan) 簡(jian)(jian)單共(gong)(gong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)亦稱共(gong)(gong)同(tong)正犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)、共(gong)(gong)同(tong)實(shi)行(xing)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),是(shi)指二人以上共(gong)(gong)同(tong)直接(jie)(jie)實(shi)行(xing)某一具體(ti)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)的構成要件(jian)的行(xing)為,共(gong)(gong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)人都是(shi)實(shi)行(xing)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),不(bu)存(cun)在組(zu)織(zhi)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)、幫助犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)、教唆(suo)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)問題(ti)。 而復雜(za)共(gong)(gong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)是(shi)指各共(gong)(gong)同(tong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)人之間存(cun)在著犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)分工的共(gong)(gong)同(tong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui),不(bu)僅存(cun)在直接(jie)(jie)著手實(shi)施共(gong)(gong)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)行(xing)為的實(shi)行(xing)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),還有組(zu)織(zhi)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)或教唆(suo)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)或幫助犯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)的分工。
3、任意共(gong)犯(fan)與必(bi)要(yao)(yao)共(gong)犯(fan) 前(qian)者是(shi)(shi)指刑法(fa)分則規(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)本可以(yi)由一(yi)人實施(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)犯(fan)罪(zui)(zui)行(xing)為;后者是(shi)(shi)指刑法(fa)分則規(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)只能(neng)以(yi)二人以(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)共(gong)同行(xing)為作為犯(fan)罪(zui)(zui)構成要(yao)(yao)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)犯(fan)罪(zui)(zui),即該種犯(fan)罪(zui)(zui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主體必(bi)須是(shi)(shi)兩人以(yi)上,主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)包括聚眾性(xing)(xing)犯(fan)罪(zui)(zui)、集(ji)團(tuan)性(xing)(xing)犯(fan)罪(zui)(zui)。
4、事(shi)先/事(shi)前(qian)共(gong)犯(fan)與事(shi)中共(gong)犯(fan) 前(qian)者是指事(shi)前(qian)有(you)同謀的(de)(de)共(gong)犯(fan),即共(gong)犯(fan)人的(de)(de)共(gong)同犯(fan)罪(zui)故意(yi),在著(zhu)手實行犯(fan)罪(zui)前(qian)形(xing)成。后者即指事(shi)前(qian)無同謀的(de)(de)共(gong)犯(fan),共(gong)同犯(fan)罪(zui)人的(de)(de)共(gong)犯(fan)故意(yi),是在實行著(zhu)手之際或犯(fan)罪(zui)過程中形(xing)成的(de)(de)。
法律依據:
《刑法》第(di)二(er)十六條(tiao),組(zu)(zu)織、領導犯(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)集(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)進行(xing)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)活(huo)動(dong)的(de)或(huo)者(zhe)在共同犯(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)中(zhong)起主(zhu)要作(zuo)用(yong)的(de),是主(zhu)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)。三(san)人以上為(wei)共同實(shi)施犯(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)而(er)組(zu)(zu)成的(de)較為(wei)固定的(de)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)組(zu)(zu)織,是犯(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)集(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)。對組(zu)(zu)織、領導犯(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)集(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)的(de)首要分子,按照集(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)所犯(fan)(fan)(fan)的(de)全部(bu)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)行(xing)處罰(fa)。 對于第(di)三(san)款(kuan)規定以外的(de)主(zhu)犯(fan)(fan)(fan),應當按照其(qi)所參與的(de)或(huo)者(zhe)組(zu)(zu)織、指(zhi)揮的(de)全部(bu)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)處罰(fa)。
三、如何認定共同犯罪行為
1、組織、領導犯罪集團進行犯罪活動(dong)的,或(huo)者(zhe)在共同犯罪中起主要作(zuo)用的,是主犯。
2、在(zai)共同犯罪中起次要(yao)作用或(huo)者輔助作用的,是從犯。
3、起主(zhu)要(yao)作(zuo)用(yong),是(shi)指在(zai)共同犯(fan)罪中直接實(shi)施犯(fan)罪行為,而且其行為是(shi)犯(fan)罪結果發生的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)原因(yin),或是(shi)事(shi)前(qian)拉攏、勾結他人,提起犯(fan)意,出謀劃策的(de)教唆犯(fan)。
4、應當根據各被告人在共同犯(fan)罪中所處的地位和所起(qi)的作(zuo)用,區(qu)分主、從犯(fan)。若他們的地位和作(zuo)用一致或相(xiang)當,則(ze)均認定為(wei)主犯(fan)。
5、在共同(tong)犯(fan)罪(zui)中,數名被告(gao)人互(hu)相(xiang)推卸罪(zui)責,其它證據又不(bu)能確定(ding)他們(men)之間地位和作用大小的,應認定(ding)他們(men)在共同(tong)犯(fan)罪(zui)中起同(tong)等作用,不(bu)分主(zhu)、從犯(fan)。
6、同案人在逃,從現有(you)證(zheng)據(ju)證(zheng)實(shi)已抓獲的(de)被告人確實(shi)在整個犯罪過程中起次要或輔助(zhu)作用(如看風、轉(zhuan)移贓物等)的(de),應認(ren)定為從犯。
7、刑法分則對主犯另設處罰規定的,應依照刑法分則(ze)條文處罰。不應重復刑法總則(ze)關(guan)于主犯的(de)規定。