一、棉花采摘機有幾種類型
棉(mian)(mian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)采摘機是專門用來(lai)采摘棉(mian)(mian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)農業(ye)機械,現如(ru)今棉(mian)(mian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)采摘的(de)機采率(lv)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)高,采棉(mian)(mian)機的(de)種(zhong)類也(ye)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)多,那(nei)么采棉(mian)(mian)機有幾(ji)種(zhong)類型(xing)呢?
在棉花機(ji)(ji)械(xie)化收獲(huo)的(de)歷(li)史上,出現(xian)過(guo)多(duo)種類型的(de)棉花采摘機(ji)(ji)械(xie),按收獲(huo)方法的(de)不同,一般將棉花收獲(huo)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)分為摘棉鈴機(ji)(ji)、采棉機(ji)(ji)兩大類。
其中,采(cai)棉(mian)(mian)機(ji)(ji)又分為(wei)兩種,一種是(shi)根據(ju)棉(mian)(mian)花(hua)的(de)成熟度有選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)的(de)采(cai)摘棉(mian)(mian)花(hua)的(de)棉(mian)(mian)花(hua)選(xuan)(xuan)收機(ji)(ji),另一種是(shi)將(jiang)棉(mian)(mian)花(hua)連同葉(xie)、桃(tao)全部采(cai)摘,然(ran)后進行(xing)清花(hua),一次性完成作業的(de)棉(mian)(mian)花(hua)統(tong)收機(ji)(ji),包括(kuo)刮板毛刷統(tong)收采(cai)棉(mian)(mian)機(ji)(ji)、梳脫(tuo)不對行(xing)統(tong)收采(cai)棉(mian)(mian)機(ji)(ji),由于棉(mian)(mian)花(hua)統(tong)收機(ji)(ji)采(cai)凈率難以(yi)保證,所(suo)以(yi)總的(de)使用面積、使用量較少。
現在市場上(shang)使(shi)用(yong)的主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是(shi)棉(mian)花選(xuan)收機(ji)(ji),根據棉(mian)花采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)原理(li)以及(ji)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)頭(tou)的結構不(bu)同棉(mian)花選(xuan)收機(ji)(ji)也(ye)分(fen)為(wei)兩種:一種是(shi)自走(zou)式水平(ping)(ping)摘(zhai)錠(ding)(ding)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)棉(mian)機(ji)(ji),大多世界主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)產棉(mian)國都使(shi)用(yong)該(gai)種采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)棉(mian)機(ji)(ji),目前國內市場上(shang)暢銷的采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)棉(mian)機(ji)(ji)大多都是(shi)水平(ping)(ping)摘(zhai)錠(ding)(ding)式采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)棉(mian)機(ji)(ji);另一種是(shi)自走(zou)式垂直(zhi)(zhi)摘(zhai)錠(ding)(ding)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)棉(mian)機(ji)(ji),主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)應用(yong)在前蘇(su)聯的一些(xie)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)棉(mian)區。垂直(zhi)(zhi)摘(zhai)錠(ding)(ding)式采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)棉(mian)機(ji)(ji)與水平(ping)(ping)摘(zhai)錠(ding)(ding)式采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)棉(mian)機(ji)(ji)比(bi)較(jiao)的主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)缺(que)(que)點(dian)是(shi):作(zuo)業效(xiao)率相對(dui)較(jiao)低,含雜(za)率相對(dui)較(jiao)高,相關(guan)試(shi)驗表明,水平(ping)(ping)摘(zhai)錠(ding)(ding)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)棉(mian)機(ji)(ji)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)凈率達96%,含雜(za)率約為(wei)10%左(zuo)右,遠較(jiao)垂直(zhi)(zhi)摘(zhai)錠(ding)(ding)式采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)棉(mian)機(ji)(ji)要(yao)(yao)高,我國的新疆棉(mian)區早(zao)期曾購(gou)買過該(gai)種垂直(zhi)(zhi)摘(zhai)錠(ding)(ding)式采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)棉(mian)機(ji)(ji),但由于這些(xie)缺(que)(que)點(dian),已基本不(bu)再(zai)使(shi)用(yong)。
二、什么樣的采棉機比較好
市面(mian)上生(sheng)產(chan)采(cai)棉(mian)機(ji)的(de)廠家有(you)很多,每個(ge)廠家旗(qi)下(xia)也有(you)多個(ge)采(cai)棉(mian)機(ji)機(ji)型,不管是什么采(cai)棉(mian)機(ji),一般好的(de)棉(mian)花采(cai)摘機(ji)要滿足以下(xia)幾個(ge)要求(qiu):
1、采凈率高
要(yao)求采凈(jing)率可(ke)達93%以上(shang),含雜率不高于10%。
2、作業效率高
采棉機的作業(ye)效率主要與采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)速度(du)和作業(ye)時(shi)(shi)間有(you)關,作業(ye)時(shi)(shi)間固定情(qing)況下,采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)速度(du)越(yue)快,效率越(yue)高,好的采(cai)(cai)棉(mian)機一次(ci)可進(jin)行6行棉(mian)花的同時(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou),采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)量更大,效率更高。
3、智能化高
隨機(ji)(ji)配備(bei)采收畝數計量(liang)(liang)系(xi)統,實(shi)現采收畝數實(shi)時計量(liang)(liang),無須額(e)外配備(bei)GPS,采棉頭采用電子仿形控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統,配備(bei)智(zhi)能控(kong)制(zhi)采摘速度匹配系(xi)統。獨有(you)云服(fu)務(wu)程(cheng)序,可(ke)利用手機(ji)(ji)隨時隨地監管查(cha)看采棉機(ji)(ji)工作狀(zhuang)態、作業地點等相關信息。
4、安全
要求(qiu)隨(sui)車配(pei)備一鍵(jian)卸棉消(xiao)防噴淋系統,自帶大容量消(xiao)防水箱,加持大功率水泵,反(fan)應迅速,保證消(xiao)防安(an)全。