一、棉花采摘機有幾種類型
棉(mian)花采(cai)摘機(ji)是專門(men)用來采(cai)摘棉(mian)花的農業機(ji)械,現(xian)如今(jin)棉(mian)花采(cai)摘的機(ji)采(cai)率越來越高,采(cai)棉(mian)機(ji)的種類也(ye)越來越多,那么采(cai)棉(mian)機(ji)有幾種類型(xing)呢?
在棉(mian)(mian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)機械(xie)化(hua)收(shou)(shou)(shou)獲(huo)的歷史(shi)上,出現過多(duo)種類(lei)型(xing)的棉(mian)(mian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)采摘機械(xie),按收(shou)(shou)(shou)獲(huo)方法的不同,一般將棉(mian)(mian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)收(shou)(shou)(shou)獲(huo)機械(xie)分為摘棉(mian)(mian)鈴機、采棉(mian)(mian)機兩大類(lei)。
其中,采棉(mian)(mian)機(ji)又分(fen)為兩種,一種是(shi)根據棉(mian)(mian)花(hua)(hua)的(de)成熟度有選(xuan)擇的(de)采摘棉(mian)(mian)花(hua)(hua)的(de)棉(mian)(mian)花(hua)(hua)選(xuan)收(shou)(shou)機(ji),另一種是(shi)將棉(mian)(mian)花(hua)(hua)連同葉、桃(tao)全部采摘,然后進行(xing)清花(hua)(hua),一次性完成作業(ye)的(de)棉(mian)(mian)花(hua)(hua)統(tong)收(shou)(shou)機(ji),包括刮(gua)板毛刷統(tong)收(shou)(shou)采棉(mian)(mian)機(ji)、梳脫不對(dui)行(xing)統(tong)收(shou)(shou)采棉(mian)(mian)機(ji),由于棉(mian)(mian)花(hua)(hua)統(tong)收(shou)(shou)機(ji)采凈(jing)率難以(yi)(yi)保證,所以(yi)(yi)總的(de)使(shi)用面積(ji)、使(shi)用量較少(shao)。
現(xian)在(zai)市場(chang)上使用(yong)的主(zhu)要(yao)是棉(mian)(mian)(mian)花(hua)選(xuan)收機(ji),根據(ju)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)花(hua)采(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)原理以及采(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)頭的結構不同棉(mian)(mian)(mian)花(hua)選(xuan)收機(ji)也分為(wei)兩種:一種是自走式(shi)(shi)水平摘(zhai)錠采(cai)(cai)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)機(ji),大(da)多世界主(zhu)要(yao)產棉(mian)(mian)(mian)國都使用(yong)該種采(cai)(cai)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)機(ji),目前國內(nei)市場(chang)上暢銷的采(cai)(cai)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)機(ji)大(da)多都是水平摘(zhai)錠式(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)機(ji);另一種是自走式(shi)(shi)垂直摘(zhai)錠采(cai)(cai)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)機(ji),主(zhu)要(yao)應用(yong)在(zai)前蘇聯的一些采(cai)(cai)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)區。垂直摘(zhai)錠式(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)機(ji)與水平摘(zhai)錠式(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)機(ji)比較的主(zhu)要(yao)缺點是:作(zuo)業(ye)效率相(xiang)(xiang)對較低(di),含(han)雜(za)率相(xiang)(xiang)對較高(gao),相(xiang)(xiang)關試驗表明,水平摘(zhai)錠采(cai)(cai)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)機(ji)采(cai)(cai)凈率達96%,含(han)雜(za)率約為(wei)10%左右,遠較垂直摘(zhai)錠式(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)機(ji)要(yao)高(gao),我(wo)國的新(xin)疆棉(mian)(mian)(mian)區早期曾購買(mai)過(guo)該種垂直摘(zhai)錠式(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)機(ji),但由于這(zhe)些缺點,已基本不再使用(yong)。
二、什么樣的采棉機比較好
市面上生(sheng)產采棉(mian)機(ji)(ji)的廠(chang)(chang)家有(you)很多(duo),每個(ge)廠(chang)(chang)家旗下也有(you)多(duo)個(ge)采棉(mian)機(ji)(ji)機(ji)(ji)型,不管是什么采棉(mian)機(ji)(ji),一般好的棉(mian)花采摘機(ji)(ji)要(yao)滿足以下幾個(ge)要(yao)求:
1、采凈率高
要求采(cai)凈率(lv)可達93%以上,含雜率(lv)不高于10%。
2、作業效率高
采棉機的作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)效(xiao)率(lv)主要與采(cai)收(shou)(shou)速(su)度(du)(du)和作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)時間(jian)有關,作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)時間(jian)固定情況下,采(cai)收(shou)(shou)速(su)度(du)(du)越(yue)快(kuai),效(xiao)率(lv)越(yue)高,好的采(cai)棉機一次(ci)可進(jin)行6行棉花的同時采(cai)收(shou)(shou),采(cai)收(shou)(shou)量更(geng)大,效(xiao)率(lv)更(geng)高。
3、智能化高
隨機(ji)配(pei)備采(cai)收畝數計量系(xi)統(tong),實現采(cai)收畝數實時(shi)計量,無須額外配(pei)備GPS,采(cai)棉(mian)頭采(cai)用電子仿形控(kong)制系(xi)統(tong),配(pei)備智能(neng)控(kong)制采(cai)摘速度匹配(pei)系(xi)統(tong)。獨有云(yun)服務程序,可(ke)利(li)用手機(ji)隨時(shi)隨地監管查(cha)看采(cai)棉(mian)機(ji)工作狀(zhuang)態(tai)、作業地點等相關信息(xi)。
4、安全
要求隨車配(pei)備一(yi)鍵(jian)卸棉(mian)消防(fang)噴淋系統,自帶大容(rong)量消防(fang)水箱,加持大功(gong)率水泵,反應迅(xun)速,保證消防(fang)安(an)全。