一、電動叉車用的是什么電池
電動叉車是指以電來進行作業的叉車,根據使用的電池不同可分為不同類型,一般電動叉車使用的電池有三種:
1、鉛酸電池
鉛酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)是電(dian)(dian)動叉車最傳統(tong)且(qie)常(chang)用的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)類型之一,它采用鉛板和硫酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)解液(ye),具有較低(di)的(de)(de)能量密度和比(bi)能量,但相對較低(di)的(de)(de)成本。鉛酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)優點(dian)是成熟、穩定,使(shi)用壽命長(chang),同時(shi)可以(yi)循(xun)環充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)多次。然而,鉛酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)存(cun)在重量大、充電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間長(chang)、自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)快(kuai)等(deng)缺點(dian),影響(xiang)了電(dian)(dian)動叉車的(de)(de)使(shi)用效(xiao)率和續航能力。
2、鋰電池
鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)作(zuo)為(wei)新興(xing)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)技術,逐漸在電(dian)(dian)(dian)動叉(cha)車領域嶄(zhan)露頭角。鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)具有較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)能量密度(du)和(he)(he)比能量,相(xiang)對(dui)于鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)而言,具有更輕的(de)(de)重(zhong)量和(he)(he)更長的(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)時間。同(tong)時,鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)還(huan)具有無記憶效(xiao)應、快速充電(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)優(you)點(dian),可以有效(xiao)提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動叉(cha)車的(de)(de)工作(zuo)效(xiao)率。然(ran)而,鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)價(jia)格(ge)相(xiang)對(dui)較(jiao)高(gao),使用(yong)(yong)過程中(zhong)需要注意防止過度(du)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)過度(du)充電(dian)(dian)(dian),以避免安全事故發生(sheng)。
3、燃料電池
燃料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)也是電(dian)(dian)(dian)動叉(cha)車(che)中的(de)(de)(de)新興動力源。燃料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)利用氫氣(qi)和氧氣(qi)反應產生電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng),無需充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian),只(zhi)需添加(jia)燃料(liao)(liao)即可。燃料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)具有快速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、零排放等(deng)優點,能(neng)夠滿足電(dian)(dian)(dian)動叉(cha)車(che)在長時間(jian)工(gong)作(zuo)和高強度(du)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)需求。然而(er),燃料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)技(ji)術目(mu)前(qian)還不夠成熟(shu),相關(guan)設備和燃料(liao)(liao)供(gong)應鏈(lian)的(de)(de)(de)建設也存在一定難度(du)和成本(ben)。
二、鋰電池叉車比鉛酸電池叉車的優勢在哪
鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)和鉛酸(suan)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)是電(dian)動叉(cha)(cha)車(che)(che)使(shi)用比(bi)較(jiao)多(duo)的(de)兩種電(dian)池(chi)(chi),鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)叉(cha)(cha)車(che)(che)和鉛酸(suan)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)叉(cha)(cha)車(che)(che)對(dui)比(bi)起(qi)來,主(zhu)要優勢在(zai)于(yu)以下幾(ji)個方面:
1、充電速度快
鋰電(dian)(dian)池依靠(kao)自身的(de)化學特性,滿足更快的(de)充電(dian)(dian)速度(du)要求(qiu),從10%~100%充電(dian)(dian)時(shi)長只需2h。而鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池從20%~100%充電(dian)(dian)時(shi)長需要8-10h。
2、充電無記憶
鋰電池叉車的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)無記憶特性使(shi)得電(dian)池能夠進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)隨機(ji)、間歇(xie)充(chong)(chong)電(dian),而不影響壽命(ming)(ming),使(shi)用(yong)者可以(yi)高效的(de)利用(yong)工(gong)歇(xie)和休息時間進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)電(dian)量補充(chong)(chong),方(fang)便(bian)使(shi)用(yong)者進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)工(gong)作統籌。鉛酸(suan)電(dian)池有充(chong)(chong)電(dian)記憶,如進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)隨機(ji)或間歇(xie)充(chong)(chong)電(dian),嚴重損害電(dian)池,縮短電(dian)池壽命(ming)(ming),因(yin)此一般需要20%-100%滿充(chong)(chong)滿放,定(ding)期進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)均衡充(chong)(chong)電(dian)。
3、使用壽命長
鉛酸(suan)(suan)電(dian)池平均1200次(ci)(作業時長(chang)(chang)約(yue)6000h)的循環壽(shou)命(ming),磷(lin)酸(suan)(suan)鐵鋰電(dian)池則(ze)有(you)(you)著4000+次(ci)(作業時長(chang)(chang)約(yue)24000h)循環壽(shou)命(ming)。在實際使(shi)用(yong)中(zhong),磷(lin)酸(suan)(suan)鐵鋰電(dian)池使(shi)用(yong)4000+次(ci)后(hou)仍(reng)擁有(you)(you)65%以上(shang)容(rong)量,而鉛酸(suan)(suan)電(dian)池使(shi)用(yong)1200次(ci)后(hou)容(rong)量不(bu)足50%。
4、放電溫度區間廣
在(zai)-20度(du)到60度(du)之間的高溫(wen)或低溫(wen)狀態下(xia),鋰電池(chi)(chi)都具備良好(hao)的放(fang)電性能(neng),在(zai)-20度(du)的情況下(xia),鋰電池(chi)(chi)的放(fang)電效率為80%~90%,而鉛酸電池(chi)(chi)放(fang)電效率不足30%。