一、晶閘管的作用是什么
晶閘管是(shi)一種大功(gong)率半導體器件(jian),主(zhu)要用(yong)于電(dian)力電(dian)子(zi)領域中的電(dian)壓和電(dian)流(liu)控制,它的作用(yong)主(zhu)要有以(yi)下幾(ji)點(dian):
1、電力開關控制
晶(jing)閘管可以作為電(dian)(dian)力(li)開關,控(kong)制電(dian)(dian)路的通(tong)(tong)斷(duan)。當晶(jing)閘管的控(kong)制電(dian)(dian)壓達(da)到(dao)(dao)一定水平(ping)時,它會從(cong)關斷(duan)狀(zhuang)態切(qie)換到(dao)(dao)導通(tong)(tong)狀(zhuang)態,允許電(dian)(dian)流通(tong)(tong)過。這種(zhong)開關特性使得晶(jing)閘管在(zai)電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)的分配和控(kong)制中得到(dao)(dao)廣泛應用,如(ru)控(kong)制電(dian)(dian)機、電(dian)(dian)爐、電(dian)(dian)燈等。
2、電流調節和變流
通過控(kong)制晶閘管(guan)的(de)觸(chu)發角,可以調(diao)整電(dian)路中(zhong)的(de)電(dian)流大(da)小,實現電(dian)流的(de)精(jing)(jing)確調(diao)節。這在(zai)需要精(jing)(jing)確控(kong)制電(dian)流的(de)應用中(zhong)非常有用,如電(dian)阻加熱、交流電(dian)動機調(diao)速(su)等。
3、交流-直流轉換
晶(jing)閘管可以將交流電(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)換為直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian),這(zhe)在一些特定(ding)的應(ying)用(yong)中(zhong)很有用(yong),如直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)的驅動(dong)、直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)源的獲(huo)取(qu)等。
4、電壓控制
晶閘管(guan)還(huan)可(ke)以用來控制電(dian)(dian)路的電(dian)(dian)壓,通過(guo)控制晶閘管(guan)的觸發(fa)角來調(diao)整電(dian)(dian)壓波形(xing),實現對電(dian)(dian)路的電(dian)(dian)壓進行調(diao)節。
5、電力因數校正
晶閘(zha)管可(ke)以用(yong)來改善電(dian)力系統的(de)功(gong)(gong)率因數。通(tong)過控制晶閘(zha)管的(de)導通(tong)角,可(ke)以在電(dian)路中產生(sheng)一定的(de)諧(xie)波(bo)電(dian)流,從(cong)而改善系統的(de)功(gong)(gong)率因數。
6、電力穩定性提升
在電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統中,晶閘管可以用于調整電(dian)壓(ya)和電(dian)流,從而提高電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統的穩定性,降低(di)電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統中的電(dian)壓(ya)波(bo)動和電(dian)流浪涌。
二、晶體閘流管主要用在哪些方面
晶(jing)體閘流管(guan)簡稱晶(jing)閘管(guan),它(ta)作為重要(yao)的電(dian)力(li)控制(zhi)器件(jian),在電(dian)子和電(dian)力(li)領(ling)域中發揮著(zhu)關鍵的作用。晶(jing)閘管(guan)的用途廣(guang)泛,主要(yao)可用于以下幾個(ge)方(fang)面:
1、可控整流
把交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)變(bian)換為大小可(ke)調(diao)的直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)稱為可(ke)控整(zheng)流(liu),例如,直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機調(diao)壓(ya)調(diao)速,電(dian)(dian)解、電(dian)(dian)鍍的電(dian)(dian)源均可(ke)采用可(ke)控整(zheng)流(liu)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)。
2、有源逆變
有(you)源逆變是(shi)指把直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)變換(huan)成與電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)同頻率的(de)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian),并將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能返(fan)送給交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源。例如,目前采用(yong)的(de)高(gao)壓輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)工程,將(jiang)三相交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)先(xian)變換(huan)成高(gao)壓直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian),再進行遠距(ju)離的(de)輸送,到達目的(de)地(di)后,再利用(yong)有(you)源逆變技術把直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)變成與當地(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)同頻率的(de)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)供給用(yong)戶。
3、交流調壓
交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)調(diao)壓(ya)是(shi)指把不(bu)變(bian)的(de)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)電壓(ya)變(bian)換成(cheng)大小可調(diao)的(de)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)電壓(ya)。例如,燈光(guang)控(kong)制、溫度控(kong)制及交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)電動(dong)機的(de)調(diao)壓(ya)調(diao)速(su)等(deng)都用到交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)調(diao)速(su)。
4、變頻器
把某一頻率的交流電變換成另一頻率的交流電的設備稱為變頻器。例如,晶閘管中頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)源、停電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(UPS)、異步電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機變頻調速(su)中均(jun)含有變頻器。
5、無觸點功率開關
用(yong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管組成的(de)無(wu)觸(chu)點功率(lv)開關(guan)可(ke)取代(dai)接觸(chu)器(qi)和(he)繼電(dian)器(qi),適用(yong)于操作頻繁(fan)的(de)場合。例如,用(yong)于控(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)動(dong)機的(de)正反轉和(he)防(fang)爆(bao)、防(fang)火(huo)的(de)場合。 晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管包括(kuo)普通晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管、雙向晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管、可(ke)關(guan)斷晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管、光(guang)控(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管和(he)逆(ni)導晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管等。