筆記(ji)本電池電芯是什么 筆記(ji)本電池電芯材料種類介紹(shao)

筆(bi)記(ji)本(ben)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)指(zhi)的是將化學能(neng)(neng)、光能(neng)(neng)、原(yuan)子能(neng)(neng)等其(qi)它(ta)形式的能(neng)(neng)轉化為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)的裝(zhuang)置，并且轉換的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)能(neng)(neng)夠適用于筆(bi)記(ji)本(ben)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦。它(ta)分為一(yi)次(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)（俗稱干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)）和二次(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)（即可反復(fu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)），隨著技術(shu)(shu)的進步和發展，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)經歷了鎳(nie)鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)到鎳(nie)氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)（包括金(jin)屬鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和鋰(li)(li)聚合物電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)）和正在發展中的燃料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)等。每一(yi)次(ci)技術(shu)(shu)革新不但使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在容量(liang)、重量(liang)、使(shi)用的方(fang)(fang)便(bian)程度的方(fang)(fang)面有重大的突破(po)，而且也變(bian)得越(yue)來越(yue)環(huan)保。

筆記本電池的種類和特性：

鎳鎘電池（Ni-Cd）

它(ta)是(shi)筆記本所(suo)使(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)電池(chi)中的(de)(de)(de)元老級人(ren)物，但是(shi)由于它(ta)有嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)記憶效(xiao)應以及所(suo)使(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)陽(yang)極材(cai)料鎳(nie)（Ni）有毒和對環境會產生污染，因此很快(kuai)就被筆記本嫌(xian)棄了，取而(er)代(dai)之(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)更優(you)秀的(de)(de)(de)鎳(nie)氫(qing)電池(chi)。

鎳氫電池（Ni-MH）

它(ta)與鎳鎘電池結構(gou)原理基本(ben)相同(tong)，只是(shi)將陰極換成(cheng)性(xing)能更好、更環保的(de)無毒的(de)鎳－金屬氫化物材料(liao)。雖然只是(shi)小小的(de)改變，但卻(que)帶來了性(xing)能上的(de)極大提高(gao)。它(ta)還有一個(ge)優(you)點就(jiu)是(shi)記(ji)憶效應不(bu)(bu)明顯，這樣(yang)就(jiu)使我(wo)們不(bu)(bu)用(yong)再為那討厭的(de)記(ji)憶效應煩惱(nao)從而更加方(fang)便使用(yong)。雖然鎳氫電池的(de)性(xing)能十(shi)分不(bu)(bu)錯，但隨著技術的(de)進步它(ta)被質量更輕、能量密度更高(gao)的(de)鋰(li)電池所(suo)替代，成(cheng)了筆記(ji)本(ben)電池歷(li)史中的(de)昨日黃花。

鋰電池

很(hen)多人認(ren)為說到鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)就是(shi)指我們現在(zai)常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)聚合(he)(he)物電(dian)池(chi)(chi)，其實鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)包括金(jin)屬鋰(li)離子電(dian)池(chi)(chi)（Li－MO2）和鋰(li)聚合(he)(he)物電(dian)池(chi)(chi)（Li－ion）兩種(zhong)。因為Li－MO2電(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)1989年(nian)進入市場時發生著火爆(bao)炸事件而(er)夭折(zhe)，因而(er)它(ta)很(hen)快從人們的(de)(de)(de)視線(xian)中消失，取(qu)而(er)代之的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)更安(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)聚合(he)(he)物電(dian)池(chi)(chi)。它(ta)重(zhong)量輕，在(zai)同容量的(de)(de)(de)情況下它(ta)重(zhong)量只有鎳氫(qing)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)1/2左右，因此(ci)它(ta)迅速成為移動(dong)便攜(xie)設(she)備的(de)(de)(de)新寵兒，被大多數筆記本電(dian)腦所使用(yong)，是(shi)現在(zai)筆記本電(dian)池(chi)(chi)中的(de)(de)(de)中堅力量。

燃料電池（Fuel Cell）

燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)是(shi)筆記本(ben)(ben)(ben)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)未來(lai)新星，它有(you)(you)很多(duo)種(zhong)類，包括(kuo)質子(zi)(zi)交換(huan)膜燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)（PEM）、堿性燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)（AFC）和(he)固體(ti)氧(yang)化(hua)物燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)（SOFC）等多(duo)種(zhong)，但(dan)由于燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)啟動時間和(he)運行溫度等原因(yin)實際上適(shi)合(he)筆記本(ben)(ben)(ben)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦使(shi)用的(de)(de)燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)只(zhi)有(you)(you)質子(zi)(zi)交換(huan)膜燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)（PEM）。PEM燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)使(shi)用的(de)(de)燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)是(shi)甲醇等，由正(zheng)(zheng)、負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)組成(cheng)它發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)原理是(shi)經(jing)過(guo)對甲醇進行氫(qing)重整(zheng)后輸入負極(ji)，氧(yang)輸入正(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)，通過(guo)催化(hua)劑的(de)(de)作用，氫(qing)原子(zi)(zi)轉變為質子(zi)(zi)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)，由不同路(lu)徑進入正(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)通過(guo)內部(bu)循(xun)環產(chan)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，質子(zi)(zi)通過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液達到正(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)，與氧(yang)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)結(jie)合(he)后產(chan)生水和(he)熱。專家(jia)們(men)一致認為，制約(yue)燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)商業應(ying)用最大的(de)(de)因(yin)素是(shi)燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)要(yao)使(shi)用金(jin)屬(shu)鉑(bo)（Pt）即白金(jin)做催化(hua)劑使(shi)生產(chan)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)一直居(ju)高不下，目前燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)生產(chan)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)在(zai)500～1000美元(yuan)/千瓦。研究顯示，只(zhi)有(you)(you)當(dang)燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)生產(chan)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)降至50美元(yuan)/千瓦左右(you)的(de)(de)水平時才能真正(zheng)(zheng)為消費者(zhe)所接(jie)受。燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)高的(de)(de)主要(yao)原因(yin)是(shi)尚未形成(cheng)批量生產(chan)，一旦進入大批量生產(chan)階段(duan)，燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)信息肯定(ding)會大大降低。

鋰(li)聚合物電池的(de)單位能(neng)量比目(mu)前的(de)一般(ban)鋰(li)離子電池提(ti)高了10%，安全(quan)性也大(da)大(da)提(ti)高，符合經濟性和(he)設計原則，因(yin)此，市面(mian)上主(zhu)要銷售的(de)大(da)多數是鋰(li)聚合物材質筆記本電池。