一、大提琴有幾根弦
大提琴有四根弦。
第(di)一(yi)根(gen)(gen)弦(xian)(xian)為A弦(xian)(xian),為最(zui)細,發音華麗(li)有力,富于歌(ge)唱(chang)性;第(di)二根(gen)(gen)弦(xian)(xian)為D弦(xian)(xian),音色較朦(meng)朧(long);第(di)三根(gen)(gen)弦(xian)(xian)為G弦(xian)(xian),低沉(chen)響亮,能夠(gou)承受樂隊沉(chen)重的音響;第(di)四根(gen)(gen)弦(xian)(xian)為C弦(xian)(xian),為最(zui)粗,更加低沉(chen)響亮,能夠(gou)承受樂隊非常沉(chen)重的音響。
如果是低(di)音提琴,四根弦分別是E、A、D、G,為了避免在(zai)低(di)音譜(pu)表上過多地加(jia)線,其音響比實際記譜(pu)低(di)一(yi)個八度,有時加(jia)入(ru)第五根弦,定音為C。或在(zai)樂器的(de)頸部加(jia)入(ru)一(yi)個機械裝置(zhi),加(jia)長E弦,使其可以演奏(zou)下(xia)面(mian)的(de)C音。
二、大提琴如何裝弦定弦
1、大提琴(qin)每根(gen)弦(xian)應裝在規定的弦(xian)軸上(shang),琴(qin)弦(xian)要(yao)按順序繞好。弦(xian)盡(jin)可能裝直(zhi),這樣(yang)弦(xian)不易松。切忌(ji)歪斜交錯,使弦(xian)互相牽制撥調弦(xian),弦(xian)穿(chuan)入軸孔后,扭(niu)動方(fang)向(xiang)是由里向(xiang)外(wai),注(zhu)意不要(yao)反扭(niu)。
2、為使調(diao)弦(xian)(xian)便利,大(da)(da)提琴裝弦(xian)(xian)時(shi)(shi)就應調(diao)整好(hao)弦(xian)(xian)軸的方向、位(wei)置。定弦(xian)(xian)時(shi)(shi),一般先定準大(da)(da)提琴A弦(xian)(xian)的音高,然后根據A弦(xian)(xian)的音高分別(bie)定D、E、G弦(xian)(xian)。有(you)時(shi)(shi)幾(ji)根弦(xian)(xian)動過以后,A弦(xian)(xian)音高會(hui)偏低,故(gu)需反復校對。
3、初學為大提琴定(ding)弦時,可先聽單音,待音高(gao)基本定(ding)準后(hou),再(zai)同時拉兩根弦,并略(lve)微調整,直到(dao)音響完全諧(xie)和為(wei)止。
4、大(da)提琴弦軸受氣候變化(hua)的(de)影(ying)響會變緊(jin)變松(song),使調弦不便(bian)。太緊(jin)時可(ke)用鉛筆(bi)芯(xin)涂(tu)(tu)軸,太松(song)時涂(tu)(tu)點(dian)松(song)香。