一、大提琴有幾根弦

大提琴有四根弦。

第一根弦(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)A弦(xian)(xian)，為(wei)(wei)最細(xi)，發(fa)音(yin)(yin)華麗有力，富于歌唱(chang)性；第二根弦(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)D弦(xian)(xian)，音(yin)(yin)色較朦朧；第三(san)根弦(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)G弦(xian)(xian)，低(di)沉(chen)響(xiang)(xiang)亮，能(neng)夠承(cheng)受樂隊沉(chen)重的(de)音(yin)(yin)響(xiang)(xiang)；第四根弦(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)C弦(xian)(xian)，為(wei)(wei)最粗，更加低(di)沉(chen)響(xiang)(xiang)亮，能(neng)夠承(cheng)受樂隊非常(chang)沉(chen)重的(de)音(yin)(yin)響(xiang)(xiang)。

如果是(shi)低(di)音提琴，四根弦分(fen)別是(shi)E、A、D、G，為了(le)避(bi)免(mian)在(zai)低(di)音譜表上(shang)過多地加(jia)線，其音響比實際記譜低(di)一個八度，有(you)時(shi)加(jia)入第(di)五根弦，定音為C。或(huo)在(zai)樂器的頸部(bu)加(jia)入一個機械裝置，加(jia)長E弦，使其可(ke)以演奏下面的C音。

二、大提琴如何裝弦定弦

1、大提(ti)琴每根弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)應裝在規定的弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)軸(zhou)上，琴弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)要按順序繞(rao)好。弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)盡可(ke)能裝直，這樣弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)不易松(song)。切忌(ji)歪斜交錯，使弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)互相牽制撥調弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)穿入軸(zhou)孔后，扭動方(fang)向是由里向外(wai)，注意(yi)不要反扭。

2、為使調(diao)(diao)弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)便利(li)，大(da)提琴裝弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)時(shi)就應調(diao)(diao)整好弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)軸的方向、位置。定(ding)(ding)弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)時(shi)，一般先定(ding)(ding)準大(da)提琴A弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的音(yin)高，然后(hou)根(gen)據A弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的音(yin)高分(fen)別定(ding)(ding)D、E、G弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。有時(shi)幾根(gen)弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)動過以(yi)后(hou)，A弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)音(yin)高會偏低，故(gu)需(xu)反復校對。

3、初學為大提琴定弦時，可先(xian)聽單音(yin)(yin)，待音(yin)(yin)高基本定準后，再同(tong)時拉兩根(gen)弦，并略微調整(zheng)，直(zhi)到音(yin)(yin)響完全諧和為止。

4、大提琴弦(xian)軸受氣候變化(hua)的影響會變緊(jin)變松(song)(song)，使調弦(xian)不便。太緊(jin)時可用鉛(qian)筆芯(xin)涂軸，太松(song)(song)時涂點松(song)(song)香。