【電(dian)動車蓄電(dian)池】電(dian)動車蓄電(dian)池常(chang)見(jian)故障處理 電(dian)動車蓄電(dian)池怎么更(geng)換

電動車蓄電池常見故障處理

1、電(dian)池漏液的檢查與處理：

(1)漏液(ye)(ye)有四(si)種情況：一是上(shang)蓋(gai)與底槽之間密封性不好或因碰撞，封口膠開(kai)裂造成；二是安全閥(fa)滲(shen)漏液(ye)(ye)；三是接線(xian)端(duan)處滲(shen)酸漏液(ye)(ye)；四(si)是其他部份出(chu)現滲(shen)酸液(ye)(ye)漏液(ye)(ye)。

(2)檢查與處理方法：先作外觀檢查，找出滲酸漏液部位。取開面板看安全閥有無滲酸漏液痕跡，再打開安全閥觀察電動車電池內(nei)部有(you)無活動的電解(jie)液(ye)。作(zuo)了上述工作(zuo)之后(hou)若仍未發現異常，應做(zuo)氣(qi)密性測試(放(fang)進水中(zhong)加壓充(chong)氣(qi)，觀察有(you)無氣(qi)泡(pao)產(chan)生并(bing)冒出，有(you)氣(qi)泡(pao)說明有(you)滲酸、漏液(ye))，最后(hou)在充(chong)電過程中(zhong)，觀察有(you)活動電解(jie)液(ye)應將其抽出。

該圖片由注冊用戶"擼白人森"提供，版權聲明反饋

2、電池充不進(jin)電的檢查與處(chu)理(li)：

(1)首(shou)先檢查充電回路(lu)的(de)連接是否(fou)可靠，檢查連線與插(cha)頭接觸是否(fou)完好，認真檢查插(cha)座和插(cha)頭有否(fou)"打火"燒弧現(xian)象，有無線路(lu)損傷斷線等。

(2)檢查充(chong)電(dian)器有無損(sun)壞，充(chong)電(dian)參(can)數是否符合(he)要求。

(3)最后查看(kan)電池(chi)內部是否有干涸現(xian)象(xiang)，即電池(chi)缺(que)液嚴重。

(4)還(huan)應檢查極板是否存在(zai)不可(ke)逆(ni)轉硫(liu)酸(suan)鹽(yan)(yan)化(hua)：極板不可(ke)逆(ni)轉酸(suan)鹽(yan)(yan)化(hua)，可(ke)通(tong)過充放電(dian)(dian)測(ce)其(qi)端電(dian)(dian)壓的變(bian)化(hua)來判定。在(zai)充電(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)(dian)壓上升特別快，某些單(dan)格電(dian)(dian)壓特別高，超出正常很(hen)多；放電(dian)(dian)時電(dian)(dian)壓下降特別快，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)不存電(dian)(dian)或存電(dian)(dian)很(hen)少。出現上述情況可(ke)判定電(dian)(dian)池(chi)出現不可(ke)逆(ni)轉硫(liu)酸(suan)鹽(yan)(yan)化(hua)。

(5)上(shang)述故障的(de)(de)處理：先將充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回(hui)路連接牢固(gu)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器不(bu)(bu)正常(chang)應(ying)(ying)更(geng)換。干涸的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)應(ying)(ying)補(bu)加(jia)純(chun)水或1.050的(de)(de)硫酸進(jin)行維(wei)護充(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。假如發(fa)現有不(bu)(bu)可逆(ni)硫酸鹽化，應(ying)(ying)進(jin)行均(jun)衡充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。干涸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)加(jia)液(ye)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)維(wei)護充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)應(ying)(ying)控制最大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流1.8A充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)10-15小時，三只(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)約在13.4V/只(zhi)(zhi)以上(shang)為好(hao)。假如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)之間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)差別較大，先將其放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到終止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，再作維(wei)護充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。不(bu)(bu)可逆(ni)硫酸鹽化的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)補(bu)加(jia)液(ye)以后(hou)(hou)(恰(qia)好(hao)出現活動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye))用0.05-0.15C2A的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)20h左右(you)，然(ran)后(hou)(hou)1.5A電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)放(fang)逐電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)終止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)10.5V/只(zhi)(zhi)，反復1-3次直到消除(chu)不(bu)(bu)可逆(ni)硫酸鹽化，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量恢復正常(chang)為止。然(ran)后(hou)(hou)抽盡活動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)，蓋上(shang)帽(mao)閥等即可重新(xin)投進(jin)使用。

3、電池變形(鼓肚(du))的檢查與(yu)處理：

(1)一組電(dian)(dian)池(三只)同時(shi)變形先作電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)檢查，假如電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)基本正(zheng)常(chang)，說明(ming)沒有短路(lu)存(cun)在，變形是過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)產生"熱失控"所(suo)致。應檢查充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)參數。電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)偏(pian)高(高于44.7V以(yi)上)無過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)保護或涓流轉(zhuan)換點電(dian)(dian)流偏(pian)低者(低于0.3A以(yi)下(xia))要更(geng)換充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)。

(2)一組三(san)只(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)中只(zhi)(zhi)有(you)1只(zhi)(zhi)或2只(zhi)(zhi)變形有(you)以(yi)下可能(neng)性：一種(zhong)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不一致(zhi)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)某些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)過(guo)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)引(yin)起變形，荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不一致(zhi)的原(yuan)因，可能(neng)有(you)短路單格存在，也可能(neng)是(shi)過(guo)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或自放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等；第二種(zhong)是(shi)某些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)出(chu)現不可逆轉硫酸鹽化，內阻增大，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)發熱造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)變形。未變形的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)應(ying)檢查放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量以(yi)及自放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)特性。若無異(yi)常則不屬于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)題目。

4、電動自行車存放一段時間電池(chi)不存電的檢查和處理(li)：

(1)首先查看車鎖是否關斷(duan)。未關斷(duan)時(shi)，控制(zhi)器儀表等(deng)仍處(chu)于(yu)工(gong)作狀態，有小電(dian)放(fang)逐電(dian)(約30mA-150mA)。時(shi)間一長，在1-4周的時(shi)間就會將電(dian)池完全放(fang)電(dian)甚至過放(fang)電(dian)。

(2)檢查電動車電源部(bu)位盡緣是否(fou)良好：檢查時(shi)，可(ke)用(yong)毫安表(biao)（萬用(yong)表(biao)的毫安檔(dang))串聯在電池(chi)的回(hui)路中，關斷(duan)車鎖，看是否(fou)有微小電流通過。

(3)丈量蓄(xu)電池(chi)的端電壓(ya)是(shi)否一致，測(ce)試蓄(xu)電池(chi)的自放電性能(neng)是(shi)否存在自放電過大(da)的故障(zhang)。

(4)電(dian)(dian)池在(zai)存放(fang)過程(cheng)中二個月以(yi)內補充充電(dian)(dian)一次。防止(zhi)自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)影響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)池使用性能。

5、充電器(qi)一(yi)充就燒的檢查與處理(li)：

此(ci)種故障的檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)，首先(xian)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)是(shi)否(fou)(fou)正(zheng)(zheng)確，是(shi)否(fou)(fou)存(cun)在(zai)反(fan)(fan)極(ji)(ji)(ji)；另(ling)外(wai)察看(kan)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)插座極(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)座極(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)是(shi)否(fou)(fou)接(jie)反(fan)(fan)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)極(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)是(shi)否(fou)(fou)接(jie)反(fan)(fan)，造成過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)后(hou)轉(zhuan)極(ji)(ji)(ji)。再檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)座或連(lian)(lian)線有無短路現(xian)象，反(fan)(fan)極(ji)(ji)(ji)短路必須排除。電(dian)(dian)池(chi)已充(chong)電(dian)(dian)反(fan)(fan)極(ji)(ji)(ji)，對此(ci)先(xian)將其放(fang)完電(dian)(dian)(放(fang)電(dian)(dian)時溫度控制(zhi)在(zai)50℃以內)，再用維護(hu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)連(lian)(lian)續(xu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)15-18h，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)壓恢復正(zheng)(zheng)常后(hou)作放(fang)電(dian)(dian)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)反(fan)(fan)復進(jin)行2-3次，容量恢復正(zheng)(zheng)常后(hou)即可(ke)投進(jin)使(shi)用，容量不足84min作報廢(fei)處(chu)理。

6、新(xin)電(dian)池(chi)裝車起動時(shi)，儀表顯示電(dian)壓降得快的處理(li)：

(1)檢(jian)查儀(yi)表顯示與電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)是否相(xiang)符。電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)源與容量(liang)的關系(xi)如下表：

2小時(shi)率放(fang)電(dian)電(dian)壓與容量的關系(xi)：(單只12V電(dian)池(chi))

容量(liang)1009080706050403020100；

單格電壓12.6612.6012.5212.4312.3012.1311.9411.7411.4311.1810.50。

儀表顯示的電壓與電池容(rong)量(liang)關系不符合(he)上表時(shi)，就要求廠家(jia)調整(zheng)使之符合(he)上述(shu)電壓與容(rong)量(liang)之間的關系。

(2)檢查電動車蓄電池連接線是否可靠，有(you)無短(duan)路等。有(you)則排(pai)除之。

(3)檢(jian)查電動(dong)助力車(che)起動(dong)和(he)運行(xing)電流是否過大。若是過大(起動(dong)電流在15A以(yi)上，運行(xing)時電流6A以(yi)上)與電動(dong)助力車(che)廠家聯(lian)系對車(che)輛進行(xing)改(gai)進。

(4)檢查蓄電池容量是否偏(pian)低。若(ruo)是偏(pian)低，應對電池進行維護充放(fang)電。

7、"落后"電池的檢查與處理：

(1)首先(xian)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行一(yi)般性的(de)(de)維護充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，然后用5A電(dian)(dian)(dian)放(fang)逐(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)地丈量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，將放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容量(liang)不(bu)(bu)足的(de)(de)"落后"電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)選出(chu)來給予處理(li)。先(xian)補加蒸(zheng)餾水至(zhi)恰(qia)好看到(dao)活(huo)動液體出(chu)現，再繼續充電(dian)(dian)(dian)12-15h，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)留意電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)溫度不(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)超(chao)過(guo)50℃，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)結束后靜置0.5h-4h，重(zhong)(zhong)作5A放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中丈量(liang)單格電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)數值。若放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間達(da)不(bu)(bu)到(dao)標準或者單格電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)到(dao)了1.75V放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間與正常電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)相差較(jiao)大者，則還應(ying)重(zhong)(zhong)復上述充電(dian)(dian)(dian)程序操縱(zong)，直到(dao)符合要(yao)(yao)求為(wei)止。

(2)對(dui)"落后(hou)"電(dian)池(chi)的(de)處理：若(ruo)是重(zhong)復充放循環后(hou)，電(dian)池(chi)容量無明顯上升或(huo)(huo)仍為(wei)零伏左右或(huo)(huo)很低，這種(zhong)電(dian)池(chi)一般(ban)有短路存在(zai)或(huo)(huo)活性物質嚴重(zhong)脫落軟(ruan)化，嚴重(zhong)不可逆硫酸鹽化等，很可能不能修(xiu)復。對(dui)符合(he)要(yao)求還可以(yi)繼續使用(yong)的(de)電(dian)池(chi)，就抽盡活動的(de)電(dian)解液(ye)，擦干凈表面安上帽閥，用(yong)PVC(或(huo)(huo)氯仿)粘合(he)劑將(jiang)面板粘合(he)好，即可投進(jin)使用(yong)。

電動車蓄電池怎么更換

1、拆卸蓄電池

先將蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)(chi)連(lian)(lian)(lian)同(tong)蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)(chi)盒一塊取下(xia)，置于工作臺上，卸下(xia)鎖(suo)緊螺釘(ding)等。小(xiao)心將蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)(chi)盒打開，用(yong)50W電烙鐵將蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)(chi)連(lian)(lian)(lian)線從蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)(chi)端子(zi)上燙下(xia)，并立(li)刻就用(yong)絕緣(yuan)膠帶將蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)(chi)端子(zi)包住，以(yi)(yi)防止短(duan)路事故；焊(han)接(jie)(jie)蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)(chi)之間的連(lian)(lian)(lian)線時，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)焊(han)下(xia)一個頭(tou)，拿(na)住接(jie)(jie)頭(tou)，再焊(han)另一個接(jie)(jie)頭(tou)，焊(han)下(xia)后將連(lian)(lian)(lian)線立(li)即(ji)放到規定的地方，防止連(lian)(lian)(lian)線使蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)(chi)短(duan)路。

有些蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在安裝(zhuang)時(shi)使用粘接劑(ji)等將(jiang)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)與蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)盒粘牢（一般采用不干膠(jiao)），需要用力拉蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)才(cai)能取(qu)(qu)出（但不得用力過猛）。若操作有困難，可對(dui)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)略為加熱，或(huo)用酒精等溶(rong)劑(ji)將(jiang)粘接劑(ji)溶(rong)下，然后(hou)(hou)將(jiang)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)取(qu)(qu)出。最后(hou)(hou)應將(jiang)殘(can)余的墊片(pian)或(huo)粘接劑(ji)等清除干凈，準備安裝(zhuang)新(xin)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。

2、檢查

檢查(cha)所(suo)有(you)連(lian)線(xian)質量，同時檢查(cha)保(bao)險座(zuo)、充電(dian)插(cha)座(zuo)，以及蓄電(dian)池引出線(xian)接觸是否(fou)正常可(ke)靠，并(bing)緊固所(suo)有(you)連(lian)接件。需要更(geng)換的應更(geng)換，并(bing)應重點考查(cha)其可(ke)靠性，不可(ke)靠者一律更(geng)換（包括蓄電(dian)池盒(he)等）。

3、安裝

按(an)新蓄電池(chi)包裝箱內說(shuo)明書要求進行(xing)安裝。

4、試用

經數次充放電使(shi)用(yong)考(kao)核正常后，方可投入正常運(yun)行。