【輪胎(tai)壓路(lu)機(ji)】輪胎(tai)式壓路(lu)機(ji)是(shi)如何工作(zuo)的(de) 輪胎(tai)壓路(lu)機(ji)的(de)工作(zuo)原理(li)及特點
輪胎壓路機是(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)依靠機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)自重,通(tong)過(guo)特(te)制的(de)(de)輪(lun)(lun)胎(tai)對鋪(pu)層(ceng)材料(liao)以(yi)(yi)靜(jing)力(li)(li)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)作用(yong)(yong)來增加(jia)工作介質密實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)度的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)。它除(chu)有垂直壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)力(li)(li)外,還有水平(ping)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)力(li)(li)。這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)水平(ping)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)力(li)(li)不(bu)但沿(yan)(yan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)行(xing)駛方(fang)向(xiang)有壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong),而(er)且(qie)沿(yan)(yan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)的(de)(de)橫(heng)向(xiang)也有壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)。由于(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)力(li)(li)能沿(yan)(yan)各個方(fang)向(xiang)作用(yong)(yong)于(yu)材料(liao)顆粒(li),再加(jia)上輪(lun)(lun)胎(tai)的(de)(de)彈性(xing)(xing)所(suo)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)“搓(cuo)揉作用(yong)(yong)”,產生(sheng)了極好(hao)的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)效果,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)可得到最大的(de)(de)密實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)度。如果用(yong)(yong)光面(mian)(mian)鋼輪(lun)(lun)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)路(lu)(lu)(lu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)瀝(li)(li)青(qing)混(hun)合料(liao),鋼輪(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)接觸線在(zai)瀝(li)(li)青(qing)混(hun)合料(liao)的(de)(de)大顆粒(li)之間就(jiu)形(xing)成了“過(guo)橋”現(xian)象(xiang),這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)“過(guo)橋”所(suo)留下(xia)的(de)(de)間隙會(hui)產生(sheng)不(bu)均勻(yun)的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。相反,橡膠輪(lun)(lun)胎(tai)柔曲并沿(yan)(yan)著這(zhe)些輪(lun)(lun)廓壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),從而(er)產生(sheng)較好(hao)的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)和較好(hao)的(de)(de)密實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)度。同時,由于(yu)輪(lun)(lun)胎(tai)的(de)(de)柔性(xing)(xing),不(bu)是(shi)將瀝(li)(li)青(qing)混(hun)合料(liao)推在(zai)它面(mian)(mian)前,而(er)是(shi)給(gei)混(hun)合料(liao)覆(fu)蓋上最初(chu)的(de)(de)接觸點,給(gei)材料(liao)以(yi)(yi)很大的(de)(de)垂直力(li)(li),這(zhe)樣(yang)就(jiu)會(hui)避免光面(mian)(mian)鋼輪(lun)(lun)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)路(lu)(lu)(lu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)經(jing)常出現(xian)的(de)(de)裂縫現(xian)象(xiang)。此(ci)外,輪(lun)(lun)胎(tai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)路(lu)(lu)(lu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)還具有可增減配重、改變輪(lun)(lun)胎(tai)充氣壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)特(te)點,這(zhe)樣(yang)更有利(li)于(yu)對各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)材料(liao)的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。基(ji)于(yu)以(yi)(yi)上特(te)點,輪(lun)(lun)胎(tai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)路(lu)(lu)(lu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)被廣泛應用(yong)(yong)于(yu)各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)材料(liao)的(de)(de)基(ji)礎層(ceng)、次(ci)基(ji)礎層(ceng)、填方(fang)以(yi)(yi)及瀝(li)(li)青(qing)面(mian)(mian)層(ceng)的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)作業;尤(you)其是(shi)在(zai)瀝(li)(li)青(qing)路(lu)(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)作業時,輪(lun)(lun)胎(tai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)路(lu)(lu)(lu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獨特(te)的(de)(de)柔性(xing)(xing)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功能是(shi)其他壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)設(she)備無法替代的(de)(de),因而(er)成為(wei)瀝(li)(li)青(qing)混(hun)合料(liao)復壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie),也是(shi)建設(she)高等級公(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)、機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)場、港(gang)口、堤壩(ba)以(yi)(yi)及工業建筑工地的(de)(de)理想(xiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)設(she)備。
充氣輪胎的(de)(de)(de)一大(da)(da)(da)特點是可(ke)以改變(bian)輪(lun)胎(tai)(tai)內的(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),以限制對(dui)鋪(pu)層(ceng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)實材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)表面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)最大(da)(da)(da)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)應(ying)力(li)(li)(li)作(zuo)用,從(cong)而(er)提(ti)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)實效(xiao)果。在(zai)相同(tong)重力(li)(li)(li)負(fu)荷下,充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)輪(lun)胎(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)最大(da)(da)(da)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)應(ying)力(li)(li)(li)比(bi)光(guang)面(mian)鋼輪(lun)小(xiao)(xiao),鋪(pu)層(ceng)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)表面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)承載力(li)(li)(li)因而(er)也比(bi)較小(xiao)(xiao),這樣可(ke)使下層(ceng)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)得到較好壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)實。因此,輪(lun)胎(tai)(tai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)路(lu)機(ji)可(ke)以用改變(bian)充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)輪(lun)胎(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)負(fu)荷或(huo)調節輪(lun)胎(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)來提(ti)高其壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)實性能,擴大(da)(da)(da)它的(de)(de)(de)使用范圍。而(er)鋼輪(lun)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)路(lu)機(ji)只能依靠改變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輪(lun)的(de)(de)(de)負(fu)荷來改變(bian)線載荷的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)。在(zai)充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)輪(lun)胎(tai)(tai)多(duo)次碾(nian)(nian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)時,輪(lun)胎(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)徑向變(bian)形增(zeng)加(jia),而(er)鋪(pu)層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)形由(you)于其強度提(ti)高而(er)減(jian)小(xiao)(xiao)。鋪(pu)層(ceng)變(bian)形的(de)(de)(de)減(jian)小(xiao)(xiao)將引起輪(lun)胎(tai)(tai)接觸面(mian)積縮小(xiao)(xiao),從(cong)而(er)使接觸壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)應(ying)力(li)(li)(li)上升(sheng),壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)實結束時壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)為第一遍(bian)碾(nian)(nian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)時壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)1.5~2倍。同(tong)時,充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)輪(lun)胎(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)滾(gun)動阻(zu)力(li)(li)(li)也隨(sui)鋪(pu)層(ceng)強度的(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)加(jia)而(er)減(jian)少(shao),這可(ke)大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)提(ti)高碾(nian)(nian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)效(xiao)果和(he)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)實質量。可(ke)見(jian),采用充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)輪(lun)胎(tai)(tai)作(zuo)為工作(zuo)裝置的(de)(de)(de)輪(lun)胎(tai)(tai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)路(lu)機(ji)可(ke)以對(dui)各種(zhong)類(lei)型材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)包括黏(nian)性材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)和(he)非黏(nian)性材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)進行碾(nian)(nian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。