一、電梯的種類
按用(yong)途分類:可(ke)分為乘客電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)、載貨電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)、醫(yi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)、雜物電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)、觀光電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)、車輛電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)、船舶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)、建筑施工電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)、以及(ji)一些特殊(shu)用(yong)途的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)。
按驅動方(fang)式分(fen)(fen)類:可分(fen)(fen)為交流電(dian)梯(ti)、直流電(dian)梯(ti)、液壓電(dian)梯(ti)、齒(chi)輪齒(chi)條電(dian)梯(ti)、螺桿式電(dian)梯(ti)。
按速(su)(su)度分(fen)(fen)類:可分(fen)(fen)為(wei)低(di)速(su)(su)梯、中速(su)(su)梯、高(gao)速(su)(su)梯和(he)超高(gao)速(su)(su)梯。
二、電梯的結構
現(xian)代電(dian)梯主(zhu)要由曳(ye)(ye)引機(絞車)、導軌、對重裝(zhuang)置(zhi)、安(an)(an)全裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(如限(xian)速器(qi)、安(an)(an)全鉗和緩沖(chong)器(qi)等)、信號操(cao)縱系統、轎(jiao)廂與廳(ting)門等組成(cheng)。這些部分分別安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)在建筑物(wu)的井(jing)道和機房中。通常采用鋼(gang)絲(si)(si)繩摩擦傳動(dong),鋼(gang)絲(si)(si)繩繞(rao)過曳(ye)(ye)引輪,兩端分別連接(jie)轎(jiao)廂和平衡重,電(dian)動(dong)機驅動(dong)曳(ye)(ye)引輪使轎(jiao)廂升降。
三、電梯的工作原理
電梯的(de)(de)曳引繩兩(liang)端分(fen)別連著轎廂(xiang)和對(dui)重,纏繞在曳引輪和導向輪上,曳引電動(dong)機通過減速(su)(su)器變速(su)(su)后(hou)帶動(dong)曳引輪轉動(dong),靠曳引繩與曳引輪摩(mo)擦產生的(de)(de)牽引力,實現轎廂(xiang)和對(dui)重的(de)(de)升(sheng)降運動(dong),達(da)到運輸(shu)目的(de)(de)。
四、電梯的使用年限是多久
國家目前尚沒有電梯使用年限的強制性規定,一般電梯的使用年限是在15年左右,也可能更短,主要在于管理人員的保養和維護。那么電梯品牌產品如何保養才能延長使用(yong)壽(shou)命?
五、電梯的維修和保養
電梯的日常檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)保養應建(jian)立日、周、月、季(ji)、年檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)保養制(zhi)度(du),并由電梯維(wei)修工執行。
電梯(ti)的日檢查(cha)保(bao)養:檢查(cha)電動機、風機、減速(su)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、制(zhi)動器(qi)(qi)(qi)、繼電器(qi)(qi)(qi)、接觸器(qi)(qi)(qi)、曳(ye)引輪(lun)、曳(ye)引繩(sheng)、限速(su)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、導(dao)向(xiang)輪(lun)、抗繩(sheng)輪(lun)、反繩(sheng)輪(lun)、漲繩(sheng)輪(lun)、變壓器(qi)(qi)(qi)、電阻器(qi)(qi)(qi)、電抗器(qi)(qi)(qi)、機房溫度等是否異常(chang)。
電(dian)梯(ti)的周檢查(cha)保養:檢查(cha)抱(bao)閘間隙、安全(quan)裝置、調整(zheng)電(dian)梯(ti)的平層裝置、轎(jiao)內按(an)鈕動作(zuo)、轎(jiao)內信號、轎(jiao)門開關工作(zuo)情況、風(feng)扇(shan)及(ji)照(zhao)明、曳引繩。
電梯的月檢查(cha)保養:檢查(cha)電梯減速(su)器、限(xian)速(su)器、安全(quan)鉗、緩沖(chong)器、廳(ting)門(men)(men)鎖、自動門(men)(men)、導軌、曳引機、電動機油位、接觸器、導向輪、反繩輪、選(xuan)層器、井道設施、各潤(run)滑系統、各安全(quan)開關等。
六、電梯的安全保護裝置有哪些
電(dian)(dian)(dian)梯安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)系統一(yi)般(ban)由機械(xie)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)裝置(zhi)(zhi)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)裝置(zhi)(zhi)兩大部(bu)分組成(cheng)。機械(xie)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)裝置(zhi)(zhi)主要有限速器(qi)(qi)(qi)和安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)鉗、緩沖器(qi)(qi)(qi)、制(zhi)動器(qi)(qi)(qi)、層門(men)門(men)鎖(suo)與轎門(men)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)聯(lian)(lian)鎖(suo)裝置(zhi)(zhi)、門(men)的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)裝置(zhi)(zhi)、轎頂安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)窗、轎頂防(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)欄桿、護(hu)(hu)腳板等;電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)有直接觸(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)、間接觸(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)故障的(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)裝置(zhi)(zhi)等,其(qi)中一(yi)些機械(xie)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)裝置(zhi)(zhi)往往需要電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)方(fang)面的(de)(de)配合和聯(lian)(lian)鎖(suo)裝置(zhi)(zhi)才能完成(cheng)其(qi)動作(zuo)和可(ke)靠(kao)的(de)(de)效果。