太空(kong)種(zhong)子是(shi)把精選的作物種(zhong)子通過航天飛行器(qi)搭載到太空(kong)，在(zai)空(kong)間(jian)特殊環(huan)境(jing)下(xia)使種(zhong)子發生變(bian)化。然后再到地面進行優選的育種(zhong)手段。在(zai)空(kong)間(jian)站(zhan)關(guan)鍵技(ji)術(shu)驗證階(jie)段歷次飛行任務(wu)中，均安排(pai)了航天育種(zhong)實驗項(xiang)目。

從(cong)已公布的載人飛(fei)(fei)船航(hang)天(tian)(tian)育種(zhong)(zhong)實驗項目清(qing)單(dan)(dan)來(lai)看，神(shen)舟十(shi)二號和神(shen)舟十(shi)三號載人飛(fei)(fei)船返(fan)回艙帶回88家(jia)(jia)單(dan)(dan)位上千件（份(fen)）作物種(zhong)(zhong)子、微生(sheng)物菌種(zhong)(zhong)等航(hang)天(tian)(tian)育種(zhong)(zhong)材料。神(shen)舟十(shi)四號和神(shen)舟十(shi)五號載人飛(fei)(fei)船共搭載112家(jia)(jia)單(dan)(dan)位1300余份(fen)作物種(zhong)(zhong)子、微生(sheng)物菌種(zhong)(zhong)等航(hang)天(tian)(tian)育種(zhong)(zhong)材料。