“品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)創新(xin)(xin)是農業(ye)現代化(hua)的核(he)心,品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)創新(xin)(xin)必須有(you)強(qiang)有(you)力的知識(shi)產權保(bao)護。”全國(guo)人大代表、登海種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)實際控制人李登海于2018年(nian)3月在接受上證報(bao)記者采訪表示,他已向大會(hui)提交了關于加(jia)強(qiang)植物新(xin)(xin)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)保(bao)護的建(jian)議(yi),希望國(guo)家(jia)從(cong)植物新(xin)(xin)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)法律制度、品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)權保(bao)護司法體系(xi)等(deng)方面(mian)加(jia)強(qiang)對植物新(xin)(xin)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)的保(bao)護,促(cu)進(jin)我國(guo)的種(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)發展(zhan)。
李登海是(shi)登海種業的(de)創始人和名(ming)譽董事長,也是(shi)一(yi)(yi)位鉆了(le)40多年玉(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)地(di)的(de)農民(min),更是(shi)一(yi)(yi)名(ming)兩次攀上世界夏玉(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)單產紀(ji)錄最高峰、創造(zao)7次中(zhong)國(guo)夏玉(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)單產紀(ji)錄和一(yi)(yi)次中(zhong)國(guo)春(chun)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)單產紀(ji)錄的(de)科學家(jia)。關于(yu)如何促進(jin)中(zhong)國(guo)民(min)族(zu)種業的(de)發展(zhan),他既是(shi)實踐(jian)者,也是(shi)推動者。
據了解,自1997年我國頒布實施《植物(wu)新(xin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)保護條例》以來(lai),我國品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)保護申請(qing)和(he)授(shou)權量(liang)不(bu)斷增長(chang),現位居國際植物(wu)新(xin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)保護聯(lian)盟(UPOV)成員前列。然而(er),“與快(kuai)速增長(chang)的(de)申請(qing)授(shou)權量(liang)相比,我國品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)保護質量(liang)還很低(di)(di),導致品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)創(chuang)新(xin)多是模(mo)仿,原(yuan)始(shi)創(chuang)新(xin)能力弱,低(di)(di)水平重復的(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多、突破性品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)少(shao),特別是滿足綠色(se)、優質、高效的(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)少(shao)。”李登海說,“同(tong)時,侵權現象(xiang)十分普(pu)遍,品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)權人維權難,極大挫傷了育種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)家的(de)利益和(he)企業研(yan)發投(tou)入(ru)的(de)積極性。品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)權保護水平低(di)(di)、維權難的(de)問題已制約了品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)創(chuang)新(xin),影響了現代種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業的(de)發展。”
李登海將品種(zhong)(zhong)保護的“短板”總結為(wei)兩個方面:一是(shi)植物新(xin)品種(zhong)(zhong)法律(lv)制度急需完善。目前“誰(shui)搞(gao)原始(shi)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong),誰(shui)就是(shi)冤(yuan)大頭”的思想(xiang)和(he)模仿(fang)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)盛行,已不(bu)能滿(man)足農業供給側(ce)結構性改革(ge)對品種(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)樣化(hua)的要求;二是(shi)品種(zhong)(zhong)權保護司法體系(xi)急需加強(qiang)。
“目前,品種(zhong)權維權十分困(kun)難,主(zhu)要是因為(wei)取證難、處罰輕等原(yuan)因。”李登海告訴(su)記者(zhe),“從(cong)事套牌侵權的(de)(de)不(bu)法(fa)(fa)分子為(wei)逃避監管(guan),不(bu)辦理許可證、不(bu)與農(nong)民簽合同進(jin)行種(zhong)子生產,批發給臨時性農(nong)資集貿(mao)市場或進(jin)村(cun)入戶(hu)進(jin)行直(zhi)銷。農(nong)業主(zhu)管(guan)部(bu)門的(de)(de)執法(fa)(fa)手(shou)段有限,很難追根溯(su)源。在(zai)處罰方面,新修訂的(de)(de)種(zhong)子法(fa)(fa)大(da)幅提(ti)高(gao)了侵權糾紛案(an)件的(de)(de)賠(pei)償標準,但目前法(fa)(fa)院在(zai)案(an)件審理中仍執行的(de)(de)是2001年制(zhi)訂的(de)(de)賠(pei)償標準。由于侵權違法(fa)(fa)成本(ben)極低,導(dao)致(zhi)侵權行為(wei)泛濫。”
值(zhi)得注意的(de)是,2018年(nian)的(de)政府(fu)工(gong)作報告提出,強化知識產權保護,實行侵權懲罰性(xing)賠償制(zhi)度。
對于如(ru)何加強植物新品(pin)種的知識產權(quan)保護,李(li)登(deng)海(hai)提出三(san)條(tiao)建議。
“一是,加(jia)快(kuai)修(xiu)(xiu)訂《植(zhi)物新(xin)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)保護條例》”,他說,建議(yi)國務院法制(zhi)辦加(jia)快(kuai)修(xiu)(xiu)訂《植(zhi)物新(xin)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)保護條例》,引入實質性派(pai)生(sheng)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)制(zhi)度,遏制(zhi)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)剽(piao)竊和低水平(ping)模仿與修(xiu)(xiu)飾育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)。二是,建議(yi)在(zai)刑法中增設“侵犯植(zhi)物新(xin)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)權(quan)罪”。三是,他建議(yi)最高人民(min)法院出臺司法解(jie)釋,將無證生(sheng)產、經(jing)營(ying)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子或未經(jing)授權(quan)生(sheng)產、經(jing)營(ying)保護品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)納入非法經(jing)營(ying)行為范(fan)疇(chou)。