【電(dian)烙鐵(tie)(tie)選購】電(dian)烙鐵(tie)(tie)種類有哪些？ 電(dian)烙鐵(tie)(tie)選購指南

選擇合適的電烙鐵將有助于大大提高我們烙鐵頭在電子無鉛焊接的效率，但是通常情況下，選擇應根據被焊物體的實際情況而定，一般重點考慮電烙鐵種類和電(dian)烙鐵功率(lv)等。

(一)電烙鐵種類選擇

1.內熱式(shi)電(dian)(dian)烙鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)。內熱式(shi)電(dian)(dian)烙鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)結構簡單，熱效率(lv)高，輕巧靈活，當為首選。由(you)連接桿、手柄、彈簧夾、烙鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)、烙鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)頭(也(ye)稱(cheng)銅頭)組成。烙鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)安裝在(zai)烙鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)頭的(de)里面(mian)。烙鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)采用鎳鉻電(dian)(dian)阻絲繞在(zai)瓷(ci)管上(shang)制成，一般20W電(dian)(dian)烙鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)其電(dian)(dian)阻為2.4kΩ左(zuo)(zuo)右，35W電(dian)(dian)烙鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)其電(dian)(dian)阻為1.4kΩ左(zuo)(zuo)右。

2.外熱(re)式電(dian)烙(luo)(luo)(luo)鐵。這(zhe)種(zhong)電(dian)烙(luo)(luo)(luo)鐵制造(zao)工藝復雜、效率低、價格(ge)高，一般由(you)烙(luo)(luo)(luo)鐵頭(tou)、烙(luo)(luo)(luo)鐵芯、外殼、手(shou)柄(bing)、插(cha)頭(tou)等部分組成。烙(luo)(luo)(luo)鐵頭(tou)安裝(zhuang)在烙(luo)(luo)(luo)鐵芯內(nei)，用以熱(re)傳導性好(hao)的銅(tong)為(wei)基體的銅(tong)合金材(cai)料制成。

烙(luo)(luo)鐵頭(tou)(tou)的長短可以調整(烙(luo)(luo)鐵頭(tou)(tou)越短，烙(luo)(luo)鐵頭(tou)(tou)的溫度就(jiu)越高)。實踐中常用的有鑿(zao)式、尖(jian)錐(zhui)(zhui)形(xing)(xing)(xing)、圓(yuan)(yuan)面形(xing)(xing)(xing)、圓(yuan)(yuan)、尖(jian)錐(zhui)(zhui)形(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)半圓(yuan)(yuan)溝形(xing)(xing)(xing)等不同的形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀，以適應(ying)不同焊接面的需要。

3.恒溫(wen)(wen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)烙(luo)(luo)(luo)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)。在烙(luo)(luo)(luo)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)頭(tou)內(nei)裝進(jin)磁鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)式的(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)控(kong)制器，來控(kong)制通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間，就是恒溫(wen)(wen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)烙(luo)(luo)(luo)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)。在焊接(jie)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)不(bu)宜過(guo)高、焊接(jie)時間不(bu)宜過(guo)長的(de)(de)元器件(jian)時，應選(xuan)用(yong)恒溫(wen)(wen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)烙(luo)(luo)(luo)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)，但它價格高。自(zi)動恒溫(wen)(wen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)烙(luo)(luo)(luo)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)盡管零件(jian)多，維修難(nan)，價格高，但它能保(bao)證焊點質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)，特別是做(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)實(shi)驗和修理(li)大量(liang)(liang)印制板時，用(yong)起來效果很好(hao)。生產線上使用(yong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)烙(luo)(luo)(luo)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)，采取自(zi)動調(diao)壓的(de)(de)方法恒溫(wen)(wen)，費(fei)用(yong)可能會低(di)些。有的(de)(de)地區市電(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)穩(wen)，烙(luo)(luo)(luo)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)經常燒得不(bu)蘸(zhan)錫，或溫(wen)(wen)度(du)不(bu)夠、焊不(bu)動，為保(bao)證釬焊質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)，就只有使用(yong)自(zi)動恒溫(wen)(wen)系(xi)列烙(luo)(luo)(luo)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)，或配置調(diao)壓系(xi)統。僅(jin)是溫(wen)(wen)度(du)偏高，串降壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻也(ye)行(xing)。

4.吸(xi)錫電烙(luo)鐵(tie)(tie)。吸(xi)錫電烙(luo)鐵(tie)(tie)是(shi)(shi)將(jiang)活塞式吸(xi)錫器與電烙(luo)鐵(tie)(tie)溶(rong)于一(yi)體的拆(chai)焊工(gong)具，它具有使用方便、靈活、適(shi)用范圍寬等特(te)點。不足之處是(shi)(shi)每次只(zhi)能對一(yi)個焊點進行拆(chai)焊。

5.汽焊烙(luo)鐵(tie)。是一種用液化氣(qi)、甲烷等可燃氣(qi)體(ti)燃燒加熱(re)烙(luo)鐵(tie)頭的烙(luo)鐵(tie)。

在供電(dian)不便(bian)或無(wu)法供給交(jiao)流電(dian)的場合(he)，可以(yi)選擇使(shi)用。

(二)電烙鐵功率選擇

使用的(de)(de)烙(luo)鐵(tie)功(gong)率(lv)過大(da)，容易(yi)燙(tang)壞(huai)元(yuan)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(一般二、三極管(guan)(guan)結點(dian)溫度(du)超過200℃時就會燒(shao)壞(huai))和使印(yin)(yin)制導(dao)線(xian)(xian)從基板(ban)上脫落；使用的(de)(de)烙(luo)鐵(tie)功(gong)率(lv)太小，焊錫不能(neng)(neng)充分熔化(hua)，焊劑不能(neng)(neng)揮(hui)發(fa)出來，焊點(dian)不光滑(hua)、不牢固，易(yi)產生虛焊。一般地，用作(zuo)焊接集成電(dian)路、印(yin)(yin)制線(xian)(xian)路板(ban)、CMOS電(dian)路、裝(zhuang)修(xiu)晶(jing)體管(guan)(guan)、IC類(lei)(lei)收(shou)錄音機、電(dian)視機，作(zuo)普通電(dian)路實(shi)驗，一般以(yi)(yi)20W為宜，修(xiu)理真空管(guan)(guan)類(lei)(lei)機器(qi)(qi)，如膽機、舊式(shi)(shi)儀器(qi)(qi)，以(yi)(yi)35W為宜，外(wai)熱式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)則為45W，焊大(da)變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)接線(xian)(xian)、金屬(shu)底板(ban)上的(de)(de)接地干線(xian)(xian)，則采用內熱式(shi)(shi)50W、外(wai)熱式(shi)(shi)75W，還有(you)一些(xie)功(gong)率(lv)更大(da)的(de)(de)場合。

烙鐵頭(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形狀(zhuang)有多(duo)種多(duo)樣，選擇的(de)(de)(de)(de)要點(dian)是，能(neng)經(jing)常保持一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)焊錫(xi)，能(neng)快速有效地熔(rong)化接頭(tou)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)焊錫(xi)，不產(chan)生(sheng)虛焊、搭錫(xi)、掛(gua)錫(xi)，焊點(dian)無毛刺(ci)，不燙壞板(ban)子和元件。機器上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)焊點(dian)嶄新口(kou)亮(liang)，則烙鐵頭(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)蘸(zhan)錫(xi)截面可大些，用扁平或橢圓頭(tou)，傳(chuan)熱快自然(ran)操作利索。錫(xi)面氧化層較(jiao)厚，烙鐵頭(tou)相對要尖些，便(bian)于突破。

元器件密(mi)度(du)大，需(xu)要選用(yong)對應(ying)尖細的鐵合金頭，避免(mian)(mian)燙傷和(he)搭錫。裝拆IC塊，常使用(yong)特殊(shu)形(xing)狀(zhuang)的烙鐵頭。有時因(yin)為焊不到，和(he)避免(mian)(mian)燙壞塑料件，選用(yong)彎(wan)烙鐵頭。當然，也(ye)要看各(ge)人的操作(zuo)習慣(guan)和(he)嗜好。

（三）電烙鐵如何選擇

1．按電烙鐵加熱形式的選擇

（1）內熱(re)式(shi)和外熱(re)式(shi)的選擇：相(xiang)同瓦數情況下(xia)，內熱(re)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)烙(luo)(luo)(luo)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)的溫度(du)(du)比外熱(re)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)烙(luo)(luo)(luo)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)的溫度(du)(du)高。（2）當需(xu)要低溫焊接時(shi)，應用(yong)調(diao)壓(ya)器控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)烙(luo)(luo)(luo)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)的溫度(du)(du)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)烙(luo)(luo)(luo)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)的溫度(du)(du)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)有(you)密切的關系，實際(ji)使用(yong)中往(wang)往(wang)通(tong)(tong)過調(diao)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)來降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)烙(luo)(luo)(luo)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)的溫度(du)(du)。（3）通(tong)(tong)過調(diao)整(zheng)烙(luo)(luo)(luo)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)頭(tou)的伸出(chu)長度(du)(du)控制(zhi)溫度(du)(du)。（4）穩定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)烙(luo)(luo)(luo)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)溫度(du)(du)的方法主要有(you)以下(xia)幾種：加裝穩壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，防止(zhi)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的變化；烙(luo)(luo)(luo)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)頭(tou)保持一定(ding)體積、長度(du)(du)和形狀；采用(yong)恒(heng)溫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)烙(luo)(luo)(luo)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)；室內溫度(du)(du)保持恒(heng)定(ding)；避免自(zi)然(ran)風(feng)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)扇風(feng)等。

2．按電烙鐵功率的選擇

（1）焊(han)接小瓦(wa)數的(de)阻容(rong)元件、晶體(ti)管、集(ji)成電(dian)路、印制電(dian)路板(ban)的(de)焊(han)盤或塑料導線時(shi)，宜采用30~45W的(de)(de)外熱式或20W的(de)(de)內(nei)熱式電(dian)烙(luo)鐵(tie)。應用(yong)中選用(yong)20W內(nei)熱式電(dian)烙(luo)鐵(tie)最好。（2）焊(han)接(jie)(jie)一般結構產品(pin)的(de)(de)焊(han)接(jie)(jie)點，如線環、線爪、散熱片、接(jie)(jie)地焊(han)片等時，宜(yi)采用(yong)75~100W電(dian)烙(luo)鐵(tie)。（3）對于大型焊(han)點，如焊(han)金(jin)屬(shu)機架(jia)接(jie)(jie)片、焊(han)片等，宜(yi)采用(yong)100~200W的(de)(de)電(dian)烙(luo)鐵(tie)。

電烙鐵怎么用>>