介紹
水庫(ku)位于區域構(gou)(gou)造(zao)相對穩定的(de)(de)地區,區內出(chu)露的(de)(de)地層主(zhu)要有(you)下(xia)元古界(jie)的(de)(de)混合花崗巖(yan)、混合巖(yan)及角閃斜長(chang)片麻巖(yan)等,侵入(ru)巖(yan)主(zhu)要有(you)元古界(jie)的(de)(de)混合花崗巖(yan)、花崗閃長(chang)巖(yan)等。區內構(gou)(gou)造(zao)斷裂以南北(bei)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)斷裂為主(zhu),規(gui)模(mo)較(jiao)大,其次為北(bei)東向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、東西向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)及北(bei)西向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)斷裂。區域性的(de)(de)牡(mu)丹江斷裂通(tong)過壩址左(zuo)岸埡(wu)口,向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)南伸入(ru)庫(ku)區,向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)北(bei)延至(zhi)下(xia)游,但無現代活(huo)動跡象。經遼(liao)寧(ning)省地震局鑒定,基本地震烈度為6度。
庫(ku)區(qu)兩岸(an)(an)山(shan)勢(shi)高(gao)峻,無(wu)相(xiang)鄰河谷(gu)及單薄分水(shui)嶺。構成(cheng)庫(ku)區(qu)的(de)(de)巖石(shi)主(zhu)要為(wei)(wei)弱透水(shui)的(de)(de)花崗巖或(huo)混合花崗巖,且地下水(shui)位較高(gao),無(wu)永久性滲漏問題。壩區(qu)河谷(gu)為(wei)(wei)一不對稱的(de)(de)U型谷(gu),平水(shui)期(qi)江水(shui)面(mian)寬約155m。右岸(an)(an)為(wei)(wei)凹岸(an)(an),因受河流(liu)強烈(lie)沖刷,沿(yan)江形成(cheng)基巖裸露的(de)(de)陡壁,比高(gao)達90~180m。左岸(an)(an)為(wei)(wei)凸岸(an)(an),分布有漫灘和Ⅰ、Ⅱ級階地,壩頭處為(wei)(wei)一近(jin)東西(xi)向的(de)(de)條(tiao)形山(shan)脊(ji)。壩頭后部山(shan)脊(ji)由于F1大斷層通過,巖石(shi)風(feng)化(hua)破碎,構成(cheng)一低(di)矮的(de)(de)埡口(kou),埡口(kou)左側山(shan)體(ti)逐漸升高(gao)加厚。水(shui)庫(ku)正常蓄水(shui)位218m,水(shui)庫(ku)回(hui)水(shui)長度99.9km,淹沒(mei)(mei)范圍涉及2個縣2個鄉,總計淹沒(mei)(mei)耕地10.94萬(wan)畝(mu),需遷移人口(kou)40725人。
電(dian)站屬一等工程(cheng),樞紐由(you)攔河壩(包括(kuo)大(da)壩和(he)二(er)壩)、溢洪道(dao)和(he)引水發電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)等組成(cheng)。大(da)壩為鋼筋混凝土面板堆石壩,下(xia)游在高(gao)程(cheng)200m設一寬3m的(de)馬道(dao),在高(gao)程(cheng)173m有一寬10m的(de)進廠公路(lu)。
堆石(shi)壩(ba)體從上游(you)到(dao)下(xia)游(you)分為(wei)(wei)墊層(ceng)區(qu)(qu)、細堆石(shi)過渡區(qu)(qu)、主堆石(shi)區(qu)(qu)及下(xia)游(you)堆石(shi)區(qu)(qu),在周(zhou)邊(bian)縫(feng)下(xia)設填(tian)筑小區(qu)(qu),另外在面(mian)板(ban)上游(you)側下(xia)部設粘(zhan)土鋪蓋(gai)及保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)。趾板(ban)最大(da)寬度6m,厚(hou)0.6m,趾板(ban)和面(mian)板(ban)之間設置周(zhou)邊(bian)縫(feng)。通過趾板(ban)進(jin)行灌(guan)漿(jiang)。帷幕灌(guan)漿(jiang)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)排孔布置,最大(da)深(shen)度約25m,固(gu)結(jie)灌(guan)漿(jiang)于帷幕孔上下(xia)游(you)各(ge)一(yi)(yi)排,孔深(shen)一(yi)(yi)般為(wei)(wei)6m。壩(ba)址地處寒(han)冷(leng)山(shan)區(qu)(qu),多年平均氣溫3.2℃,極端最低氣溫是—45.2℃,極端最高氣溫37.5℃。
二壩(ba)為(wei)粘土心(xin)(xin)墻砂礫(li)石(shi)壩(ba),布置在左岸(an)低矮埡口處,心(xin)(xin)墻建基于呈塊狀的全風化巖下部,通(tong)過心(xin)(xin)墻底板(ban)進行灌(guan)(guan)漿,向右(you)與大壩(ba)帷(wei)幕相接,向左壩(ba)肩(jian)延長約120m,另外(wai)在F1大斷(duan)層破碎(sui)帶加強(qiang)灌(guan)(guan)漿。溢(yi)洪(hong)道(dao)位于右(you)岸(an)低分水嶺處,為(wei)開敞(chang)式岸(an)坡溢(yi)洪(hong)道(dao),由引水渠、溢(yi)流堰(yan)體、泄槽、挑流鼻坎及出水渠組成(cheng)。
該工(gong)程(cheng)采用一(yi)(yi)次斷流(liu)(liu)、隧洞(dong)(dong)導流(liu)(liu)方案,導流(liu)(liu)洞(dong)(dong)進(jin)、出口及廠房圍(wei)堰(yan)(yan)為(wei)粘(zhan)土心(xin)墻土石(shi)圍(wei)堰(yan)(yan),大壩(ba)上游圍(wei)堰(yan)(yan)為(wei)粘(zhan)土斜墻土石(shi)圍(wei)堰(yan)(yan),按10年(nian)(nian)一(yi)(yi)遇(yu)洪水設計,2條(tiao)(tiao)導流(liu)(liu)洞(dong)(dong)為(wei)直徑13.7m的圓形(xing)斷面(mian)。第一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)先(xian)填筑(zhu)導流(liu)(liu)隧洞(dong)(dong)進(jin)、出口及廠房圍(wei)堰(yan)(yan),江(jiang)水從束窄的河(he)床過(guo)流(liu)(liu),第三年(nian)(nian)汛末主河(he)床截流(liu)(liu),江(jiang)水由兩條(tiao)(tiao)導流(liu)(liu)隧洞(dong)(dong)宣泄,第五年(nian)(nian)下閘(zha)蓄水,工(gong)程(cheng)總工(gong)期(qi)67個月(yue)。
蓮花水(shui)電站是中(zhong)國目前在(zai)寒冷(leng)地區修建的一(yi)座(zuo)混(hun)凝(ning)土面板堆石壩,每(mei)年施工期不(bu)足7個月。冬季石料(liao)開采或制備不(bu)停工,需解決(jue)負溫下(xia)不(bu)灑水(shui)的壩體填筑質量控制問題(ti)。
總工程量(liang)為土石(shi)方開(kai)挖624.48萬m3,土石(shi)方填(tian)筑590萬m3,混凝(ning)土澆筑49.69萬m3。工程總投資19.5億。淹(yan)沒耕地1295.5hm2,遷移(yi)人(ren)口40725人(ren)。
工程設計
大(da)(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)位于主河床,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)型(xing)為(wei)混(hun)凝土(tu)面板堆(dui)(dui)石(shi)壩(ba)(ba)(ba),最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)高(gao)71sm,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)長(chang)度(du)(du)(du)902om,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)寬度(du)(du)(du)8om,面板總面積75400 mZ,大(da)(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)上(shang)(shang)(shang)下游邊(bian)坡1:1.4。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)基(ji)礎鋪有(you)2om厚的(de)排水層.壩(ba)(ba)(ba)體(ti)填筑(zhu)390萬m3。筑(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba) 堆(dui)(dui)石(shi)料為(wei)混(hun)合花(hua)崗(gang)巖,其強風化(hua)下部至徽(hui)新(xin)巖體(ti)的(de)濕(shi) 抗壓強度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)51.0-150 MPa。周邊(bian)縫設3道止水,勃(bo)土(tu)心(xin)墻堆(dui)(dui)石(shi)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)高(gao)47Zm,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)長(chang)度(du)(du)(du)332m,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)寬 8om,上(shang)(shang)(shang)下游壩(ba)(ba)(ba)坡均為(wei)l,2.0、1:2.25,薪土(tu)心(xin)墻頂(ding)寬4Om,上(shang)(shang)(shang)下游坡比1:0.2,貓土(tu)心(xin)墻的(de)土(tu)料為(wei)左岸(an)的(de)貓土(tu)和粉(fen)質貓土(tu),滲(shen)透系數1.7xlo’scm/S、設計干密度(du)(du)(du)1.62kg/cm。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)殼(ke)料為(wei)溢(yi)洪道開挖(wa)強風化(hua) 混(hun)合花(hua)崗(gang)巖和部分砂(sha)礫石(shi)料。開敞式溢(yi)洪道位于右岸(an)的(de)山(shan)體(ti)婭口處(chu),溢(yi)流(liu)前沿(yan) 總長(chang)度(du)(du)(du)130m,溢(yi)洪道由溢(yi)流(liu)堰、泄槽和挑(tiao)流(liu)棄(qi)坎(kan)組 成,全長(chang)990m。溢(yi)洪道最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)泄量18570 m3/s,共7孔設有(you)16 mX13.4m弧形工作門和平板檢修門。
引(yin)(yin)水(shui)發電系統位于(yu)(yu)右岸,采用(yong)引(yin)(yin)水(shui)隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)接(jie)地面廠房布(bu)置型式(shi)。引(yin)(yin)水(shui)隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)進口位于(yu)(yu)右岸大壩上游(you)200m的(de)陡(dou)崖處(chu)。兩(liang)(liang)條(tiao)引(yin)(yin)水(shui)隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)均采用(yong)岸塔式(shi)進水(shui)口,進水(shui)塔高62sm,進水(shui)口前(qian)沿設(she)有4扇6mx33m活(huo)動攔污柵,每個(ge)進水(shui)口設(she)計(ji)流量662 m3/s,設(she)有兩(liang)(liang)扇6m沐14 m平板(ban)檢修門(men)及固定(ding)式(shi)卷揚(yang)啟閉機。兩(liang)(liang)條(tiao)引(yin)(yin)水(shui)隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)均為圓(yuan)型鋼筋混凝土(tu)襯砌斷面,隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)埋深70一160m,內徑13.7m,1號和2號引(yin)(yin)水(shui)隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)分別長620.54m和493.98m。
引(yin)水(shui)隧洞末端均設有一(yi)座(zuo)阻(zu)抗式調(diao)壓(ya)井(jing)。調(diao)壓(ya)井(jing)高(gao)94.02m,橫斷面為復式雙圓弧型。4條壓(ya)力(li)管(guan)道(dao)從井(jing)后接出(chu),壓(ya)力(li)管(guan)道(dao)直徑為8.4m,每條長140m,壓(ya)力(li)管(guan)道(dao)埋深一(yi)般為50-80m,采 用鋼板襯(chen)砌。
岸邊地(di)面廠(chang)(chang)房(fang)(fang)由主(zhu)(zhu)廠(chang)(chang)房(fang)(fang)、副廠(chang)(chang)房(fang)(fang)、變電(dian)站和開關站組(zu)成。主(zhu)(zhu)廠(chang)(chang)房(fang)(fang)尺寸為(wei)162.5 rnx29m只55.98m(長火 寬x高)。安裝4臺(tai)137.5 MW的水(shui)輪發電(dian)機(ji)組(zu)。發電(dian)機(ji)層與(yu)地(di)面齊平。4臺(tai)主(zhu)(zhu)變壓器布置(zhi)在(zai)廠(chang)(chang)后平臺(tai)。開關站布置(zhi)在(zai)廠(chang)(chang)房(fang)(fang)左側(ce),中控室布置(zhi)在(zai)再(zai)廠(chang)(chang)左側(ce)安裝間和開關站之間。
施工技術
壩體填筑(zhu)施工(gong)技術
壩體填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)筑前采(cai)用(yong)(yong)15.5 t振(zhen)動(dong)碾將砂礫(li)石(shi)基(ji)礎碾壓6遍。小區(qu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)由(you)(you)鍔式(shi)破(po)碎(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)機(ji)(ji)一次破(po)碎(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)后,再摻入(ru)(ru)15%~20%的(de)(de)(de)天然(ran)(ran)河砂;冬(dong)季施工(gong)因碾壓時不(bu)能灑(sa)水(shui)(shui),摻25%~30%的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)破(po)碎(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)石(shi)粉,填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)筑時由(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)攤(tan)(tan)鋪(pu),層(ceng)(ceng)厚0.15 m,15.5 t振(zhen)動(dong)碾靜碾16遍。墊(dian)層(ceng)(ceng)料(liao)(liao)(liao)由(you)(you)鍔式(shi)破(po)碎(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)機(ji)(ji)破(po)碎(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)石(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao),破(po)碎(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)機(ji)(ji)規格200×400、400×600、600×900共6臺,最(zui)大(da)生產能力(li)每班為(wei)702 m3。為(wei)滿(man)足(zu)細(xi)(xi)顆料(liao)(liao)(liao)含量(liang)要求,常溫季節摻入(ru)(ru)15%~20%天然(ran)(ran)河砂。超徑(jing)石(shi)不(bu)超過3%。含泥量(liang)不(bu)超過3%。人(ren)(ren)工(gong)攤(tan)(tan)鋪(pu)鋪(pu)層(ceng)(ceng)厚0.4 m,并向上(shang)游(you)側超填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)不(bu)大(da)于(yu)15 cm,常溫下(xia)灑(sa)水(shui)(shui)20%,15.5 t振(zhen)動(dong)碾壓10遍。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)反擊式(shi)碎(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)石(shi)機(ji)(ji)生產最(zui)大(da)粒徑(jing)為(wei)2cm的(de)(de)(de)細(xi)(xi)石(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao),含水(shui)(shui)率1.7%~2.3%,含泥量(liang)極(ji)少(不(bu)超過0.5%),受凍后不(bu)易結塊,是良好的(de)(de)(de)細(xi)(xi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)來源(yuan)。摻配比例為(wei)粗(cu)碎(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)石(shi)∶細(xi)(xi)碎(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)石(shi)(含石(shi)粉)∶水(shui)(shui)洗砂=4∶1∶1,滿(man)足(zu)了設計要求,解決了大(da)壩墊(dian)層(ceng)(ceng)料(liao)(liao)(liao)冬(dong)季填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)筑施工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)難題。過渡(du)層(ceng)(ceng)料(liao)(liao)(liao)有采(cai)石(shi)場爆破(po)開(kai)采(cai),剔除大(da)于(yu)30 cm的(de)(de)(de)超徑(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao),用(yong)(yong)4 m3電(dian)鏟及(ji)3 m3裝(zhuang)載(zai)機(ji)(ji)裝(zhuang)、15 t~20 t自卸汽車進(jin)行(xing)運(yun)輸。填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)筑采(cai)用(yong)(yong)后退法卸料(liao)(liao)(liao),用(yong)(yong)180 hp推土(tu)機(ji)(ji)攤(tan)(tan)平,人(ren)(ren)工(gong)配合,鋪(pu)層(ceng)(ceng)厚0.4m。主(zhu)、次堆(dui)石(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)分(fen)別來自溢洪道和采(cai)石(shi)場及(ji)洞挖料(liao)(liao)(liao),由(you)(you)4 m3電(dian)鏟及(ji)4 m3~6m3裝(zhuang)載(zai)機(ji)(ji)裝(zhuang)、15 t~42 t自卸汽車進(jin)行(xing)運(yun)輸,進(jin)占法卸料(liao)(liao)(liao),推土(tu)機(ji)(ji)攤(tan)(tan)平,鋪(pu)層(ceng)(ceng)厚主(zhu)堆(dui)為(wei)60 cm、80cm、次堆(dui)為(wei)100cm、120cm,15.5t振(zhen)動(dong)碾碾壓。在(zai)實際(ji)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)筑過程中,最(zui)大(da)日填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)筑強度:墊(dian)層(ceng)(ceng)料(liao)(liao)(liao)達(da)(da)1240m3/d,過渡(du)層(ceng)(ceng)料(liao)(liao)(liao)達(da)(da)1500m3/d,堆(dui)石(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)達(da)(da)14000m3/d。
面板混凝(ning)土施工(gong)技(ji)術
無軌滑(hua)模(mo)模(mo)具(ju)設(she)(she)計(ji)制(zhi)作(zuo) 自行設(she)(she)計(ji)制(zhi)作(zuo)無軌滑(hua)模(mo)設(she)(she)施(shi),據砼面(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)寬度考慮兩種規格.滑(hua)模(mo)設(she)(she)施(shi)主(zhu)要由(you)滑(hua)動(dong)模(mo)板(ban)(ban)(ban)、側(ce)(ce)(ce)模(mo)板(ban)(ban)(ban)、各種專(zhuan)用運輸(shu)臺車、混凝土(tu)拌合運輸(shu)機具(ju)和提(ti)升運輸(shu)機具(ju)等構成.滑(hua)動(dong)模(mo)板(ban)(ban)(ban)骨架(jia)采(cai)用桁(heng)(heng)架(jia)式(shi),由(you)63.5mm×5mm鋼(gang)管(guan)焊制(zhi),每榀桁(heng)(heng)架(jia)高0.61m,長15m(用于14 m寬面(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)),桁(heng)(heng)架(jia)中心距(ju)0.4m,共4榀,各榀桁(heng)(heng)架(jia)間采(cai)用系桿連接。由(you)于面(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)施(shi)工面(mian)(mian)(mian)積較(jiao)大,考慮其抗磨耐久(jiu)性,滑(hua)模(mo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)采(cai)用10mm厚(hou)鋼(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)。滑(hua)動(dong)模(mo)板(ban)(ban)(ban)尺寸(cun)(14 cm板(ban)(ban)(ban)寬)為(wei)1.6 m×15m.滑(hua)動(dong)模(mo)板(ban)(ban)(ban)重量為(wei)4.032t,滑(hua)升時根據上浮情況加鋼(gang)筋作(zuo)配重。側(ce)(ce)(ce)模(mo)結構采(cai)用50×5角鋼(gang)焊制(zhi)成框架(jia),人工安拆側(ce)(ce)(ce)模(mo)每節長2m。每套側(ce)(ce)(ce)模(mo)可周轉使(shi)用,由(you)布設(she)(she)在壩頂的2臺5t卷(juan)揚(yang)機牽引,卷(juan)揚(yang)機由(you)埋入堆石內的簡易(yi)地錨(mao)固定。
面板砼澆筑
⑴混凝土配合(he)比(bi):
根據面(mian)板(ban)滑模砼(tong)的(de)施(shi)工要求,大(da)壩水(shui)泥的(de)mgo含量偏(pian)高使(shi)砼(tong)具有微膨脹性(xing)(xing),可以(yi)抵消砼(tong)的(de)大(da)部分收縮變形(xing), sk引氣(qi)減水(shui)劑對提高砼(tong)抗(kang)凍(dong)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)效果顯著,有不(bu)透水(shui)性(xing)(xing)和抗(kang)裂性(xing)(xing),增加砼(tong)與鋼筋的(de)握裹強度(du)的(de)特性(xing)(xing)。
⑵周邊縫瀝青砂墊(dian)層施工(gong)
瀝青(qing)砂(sha)墊層施工(gong)分(fen)兩種(zhong):一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)是預先制成(cheng)(cheng)塊(kuai),每塊(kuai)長(chang)約30 cm,運至(zhi)現場(chang)作業面(mian)(mian)安裝,各塊(kuai)間隙用(yong)(yong)熱瀝青(qing)灌(guan)注(zhu);變形模(mo)量(liang)(liang)80~100mpa,瀝青(qing)砂(sha)在5~37.5℃的(de)氣溫下進行(xing)澆注(zhu)不堆坡(po),并形成(cheng)(cheng)1∶1.4邊坡(po),進行(xing)了試(shi)驗.試(shi)驗初(chu),曾采用(yong)(yong)粉煤灰(hui)、石棉和砂(sha)摻合料(liao),把摻合料(liao)改為(wei)水(shui)泥和河砂(sha)。一(yi)(yi)期面(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)砼(tong)施工(gong)(即(ji)高程197.5 m以下,板(ban)(ban)(ban)塊(kuai)最大(da)斜(xie)長(chang)81.3m),完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)砼(tong)量(liang)(liang)18348 m3,面(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)為(wei)42008 m2,最大(da)滑(hua)升速(su)(su)度為(wei)4.6 m/h;二期面(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)砼(tong)施工(gong)(即(ji)高程197.5m~208.0m),完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)砼(tong)量(liang)(liang)2339m3,面(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)為(wei)11492m2,最大(da)滑(hua)升速(su)(su)度為(wei)5.19 m/h。為(wei)滿足(zu)施工(gong)進度要(yao)求,共(gong)制做(zuo)5套(tao)滑(hua)模(mo)模(mo)具,其中14m板(ban)(ban)(ban)寬的(de)4套(tao),7m板(ban)(ban)(ban)寬的(de)1套(tao)。
進(jin)水口攔污柵墩(dun)砼滑模施工技術(shu)
每個(ge)(ge)進(jin)水(shui)口(kou)由5個(ge)(ge)攔(lan)污柵(zha)墩(dun)組成(cheng)四孔,墩(dun)間(jian)凈距6 m,邊墩(dun)和中墩(dun)斷面均(jun)為2 m×10 m,次中墩(dun)斷面均(jun)為1.4 m×10 m。為滿足截流對進(jin)水(shui)口(kou)施工形象面貌要(yao)(yao)求(qiu),每個(ge)(ge)進(jin)水(shui)口(kou)5個(ge)(ge)攔(lan)污柵(zha)墩(dun)需(xu)采用整體同(tong)步滑(hua)模(mo)(mo),制作一套模(mo)(mo)具(ju)可滿足兩個(ge)(ge)進(jin)水(shui)口(kou)周轉使用要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。根據以往滑(hua)模(mo)(mo)施工經驗,取消攔(lan)污柵(zha)槽二期(qi)砼,即柵(zha)槽埋(mai)件(jian)隨滑(hua)模(mo)(mo)施工逐節安裝。滑(hua)模(mo)(mo)起滑(hua)在底(di)板形成(cheng)后(hou)(hou)進(jin)行(xing),砼水(shui)平運(yun)輸(shu)采用6m3砼攪拌(ban)運(yun)輸(shu)車.砼垂直(zhi)運(yun)輸(shu)前期(qi)主要(yao)(yao)采用布置在地面上的30/10園筒型(xing)高架門(men)機(ji)吊(diao)罐(guan)(guan)(guan)入(ru)倉,后(hou)(hou)期(qi)利用布置在上部高程239m路和攔(lan)污柵(zha)下(xia)游高程218.5m撐墻上的門(men)機(ji)吊(diao)罐(guan)(guan)(guan)入(ru)倉,塔吊(diao)吊(diao)小罐(guan)(guan)(guan)輔助作業。
調壓井(jing)井(jing)筒砼初(chu)砌滑模施工技術
每(mei)個調(diao)(diao)壓(ya)井(jing)(jing)斷面輪廓由園(yuan)弧、直線(xian)和折線(xian)組(zu)成,砼(tong)(tong)襯砌(qi)后斷面短跨(kua)×長跨(kua)約為(wei)17 m×20m。自(zi)底(di)板高(gao)(gao)(gao)程155.08m至(zhi)頂部高(gao)(gao)(gao)程250m,井(jing)(jing)筒高(gao)(gao)(gao)95m。根(gen)據1996年底(di)首機(ji)(ji)發電對2#調(diao)(diao)壓(ya)井(jing)(jing)工(gong)期要(yao)(yao)求,決定(ding)井(jing)(jing)筒砼(tong)(tong)襯砌(qi)采用(yong)滑(hua)模施(shi)工(gong)方案。考慮1#調(diao)(diao)壓(ya)井(jing)(jing)亦用(yong)此(ci)方案施(shi)工(gong),需要(yao)(yao)設計制作(zuo)一套安(an)(an)拆方便的液壓(ya)滑(hua)模模具。滑(hua)模設施(shi)主要(yao)(yao)由操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)平臺、提升(sheng)機(ji)(ji)架(jia)(jia)(jia)、圍(wei)圈、模板、砼(tong)(tong)和材料工(gong)器具運輸(shu)系統(tong)、人員上(shang)下交通系統(tong)組(zu)成.操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)平臺承重結構(gou)(gou)采用(yong)網狀鋼(gang)桁架(jia)(jia)(jia)式(shi)結構(gou)(gou),以(yi)減(jian)輕平臺本(ben)身自(zi)重。采用(yong)l75×5和l100×10角鋼(gang)焊制,提升(sheng)架(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)裝兩(liang)臺千斤(jin)頂。提升(sheng)架(jia)(jia)(jia)共82個,千斤(jin)頂140個滑(hua)模。模體(ti)總重為(wei)43t。砼(tong)(tong)水平運輸(shu)采用(yong)6m3砼(tong)(tong)攪拌運輸(shu)車(che),砼(tong)(tong)垂直運輸(shu),由于調(diao)(diao)壓(ya)井(jing)(jing)滑(hua)模從底(di)板上(shang)開始滑(hua)升(sheng),低部位(wei)阻抗板以(yi)下采用(yong)砼(tong)(tong)泵自(zi)底(di)洞輸(shu)送砼(tong)(tong)入倉,溜管為(wei)φ219鋼(gang)管,溜管每(mei)節(jie)(jie)長2.0m,節(jie)(jie)間由法蘭連接,每(mei)節(jie)(jie)均與鋼(gang)絲繩(sheng)連接牢固,每(mei)節(jie)(jie)溜管承受荷載均傳到鋼(gang)絲繩(sheng)上(shang),鋼(gang)絲繩(sheng)錨固在井(jing)(jing)頂部平臺的地錨上(shang)。2#調(diao)(diao)壓(ya)井(jing)(jing)井(jing)(jing)筒砼(tong)(tong)滑(hua)模每(mei)升(sheng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)1m需安(an)(an)裝鋼(gang)筋(jin)10t,鋼(gang)筋(jin)安(an)(an)裝量(liang)大(da)且(qie)內(nei)層水平環(huan)向鋼(gang)筋(jin)綁扎困難,而且(qie)在高(gao)(gao)(gao)程228.5m又進(jin)行了(le)改模,對滑(hua)升(sheng)進(jin)度有一定(ding)影響。正(zheng)常(chang)滑(hua)升(sheng)速度為(wei)
蓮花水(shui)電(dian)站引水(shui)隧洞砼襯(chen)砌施工技術
2.5 m/d。
引水隧洞砼襯砌(qi)施工技(ji)術
1)邊頂拱鋼模(mo)臺車(che)
臺(tai)車模(mo)(mo)板(ban)由7節(jie)模(mo)(mo)板(ban)拼裝(zhuang)組成,支(zhi)立(li)總長10.5m,每節(jie)模(mo)(mo)板(ban)沿環向分(fen)(fen)為(wei)5段。頂拱段為(wei)一(yi)整(zheng)體鋼(gang)模(mo)(mo),兩(liang)側邊(bian)(bian)(bian)拱段均由大、小兩(liang)塊鋼(gang)模(mo)(mo)組成。邊(bian)(bian)(bian)頂拱砼襯砌斷面的中(zhong)心(xin)角為(wei)288.54°。在邊(bian)(bian)(bian)拱鋼(gang)模(mo)(mo)上(shang)(shang)設(she)置(zhi)砼下(xia)料操(cao)作窗口若干個,模(mo)(mo)板(ban)收(shou)分(fen)(fen)采用機械收(shou)分(fen)(fen)系(xi)統,利用設(she)置(zhi)在頂拱模(mo)(mo)板(ban)和兩(liang)側邊(bian)(bian)(bian)拱模(mo)(mo)板(ban)上(shang)(shang)的液壓千斤頂和絲杠進行收(shou)分(fen)(fen)。臺(tai)車底(di)腳裝(zhuang)有可沿彎曲軌道行走(zou)的輪子8個,每臺(tai)鋼(gang)模(mo)(mo)臺(tai)車重160 t。
2)底拱(gong)鋼模臺車
臺車(che)模(mo)(mo)板由(you)6節(jie)鋼模(mo)(mo)板拼裝(zhuang)組(zu)成,支立總長10.5m,每(mei)節(jie)鋼模(mo)(mo)為一整(zheng)塊模(mo)(mo)板,底(di)拱鋼模(mo)(mo)上設(she)置下料口,6節(jie)鋼模(mo)(mo)與(yu)3根縱梁(liang)聯(lian)接(jie)形成整(zheng)體模(mo)(mo)板,縱橫梁(liang)之(zhi)間用(yong)絲杠連(lian)(lian)接(jie),通過(guo)操作絲杠起落模(mo)(mo)板,橫梁(liang)與(yu)聯(lian)系梁(liang)連(lian)(lian)接(jie),聯(lian)梁(liang)底(di)部安裝(zhuang)4個可沿軌道行走(zou)的輪(lun)子(zi),底(di)拱臺車(che)重20t。
3)臺車(che)軌道及牽(qian)引動力設(she)施
邊(bian)(bian)頂(ding)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)鋼模(mo)(mo)臺(tai)車(che)(che)的軌道(dao),是(shi)在開挖(wa)底板上(shang)墊碎(sui)渣或(huo)小骨(gu)料(liao),其(qi)上(shang)鋪(pu)枕木,軌道(dao)采用qu80型鋼軌.底拱(gong)(gong)(gong)鋼模(mo)(mo)臺(tai)車(che)(che)的軌道(dao),采用在已澆邊(bian)(bian)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)砼上(shang)預埋鋼板,其(qi)上(shang)固定(ding)120工字(zi)鋼作(zuo)為(wei)軌道(dao)。邊(bian)(bian)頂(ding)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)鋼模(mo)(mo)臺(tai)車(che)(che)采用180hp推土(tu)機(ji)牽引行走。底拱(gong)(gong)(gong)鋼模(mo)(mo)臺(tai)車(che)(che)采用180hp推土(tu)機(ji)或(huo)1臺(tai)5t,卷揚機(ji)牽引行走。
4)砼襯砌施工
由于進(jin)入洞(dong)內的施工(gong)(gong)通道(dao)只有進(jin)口一條,故砼(tong)(tong)(tong)整體澆筑(zhu)施工(gong)(gong)應自內向(xiang)外進(jin)行(xing)(xing),每(mei)(mei)個(ge)澆筑(zhu)段長(chang)度為10.5m。采用先(xian)邊頂(ding)拱、后底(di)拱的施工(gong)(gong)順序,每(mei)(mei)條洞(dong)邊頂(ding)拱砼(tong)(tong)(tong)襯(chen)砌(qi)分幾(ji)個(ge)襯(chen)砌(qi)單元進(jin)行(xing)(xing),自里(li)向(xiang)外逐單元進(jin)行(xing)(xing);每(mei)(mei)個(ge)單元長(chang)度為10個(ge)澆筑(zhu)段左右,各布(bu)置兩臺(tai)邊頂(ding)拱鋼模臺(tai)車(che)(che),分別布(bu)置在端(duan)部,一臺(tai)鋼筋臺(tai)車(che)(che)布(bu)置在兩臺(tai)邊頂(ding)鋼模臺(tai)車(che)(che)之間。砼(tong)(tong)(tong)運輸采用6m3砼(tong)(tong)(tong)攪拌(ban)運輸車(che)(che)運入洞(dong)內至90m3/h砼(tong)(tong)(tong)泵車(che)(che),由砼(tong)(tong)(tong)泵車(che)(che)壓送砼(tong)(tong)(tong)入倉。用回(hui)彈儀在環縫砼(tong)(tong)(tong)上進(jin)行(xing)(xing)測試,控制在砼(tong)(tong)(tong)抗壓強度達(da)45kg/cm2以上進(jin)行(xing)(xing)脫模。一般(ban)需要(yao)18~24h達(da)到脫模強度.采用上述施工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝,隧洞(dong)砼(tong)(tong)(tong)襯(chen)砌(qi)月進(jin)尺達(da)105m,保證了(le)隧洞(dong)施工(gong)(gong)形象面貌的按期實(shi)現。
安全監測
介紹
蓮花水電站大(da)壩安全監測系統由東北勘測設計研究院設計。大(da)、二壩內部觀(guan)測儀器埋設和外部觀(guan)測測點澆(jiao)筑(zhu)隨壩體施(shi)(shi)工(gong)同步進行(xing),從(cong)1993年開始,到1997年結束(shu)。大(da)壩安全監測以(yi)變形、滲流為(wei)主,應(ying)力應(ying)變為(wei)輔(fu);施(shi)(shi)工(gong)期和運行(xing)期監測兼顧。
項目
⑴變(bian)形監測:包括大、二壩(ba)壩(ba)體(ti)表(biao)面水平(ping)、垂直(zhi)位移;大壩(ba)壩(ba)體(ti)內部水平(ping)、垂直(zhi)位移;砼面板(ban)板(ban)間縫、周邊縫開合度及(ji)面板(ban)撓曲變(bian)形監測。
⑵滲流監(jian)測:包括大壩(ba)壩(ba)體滲透壓力;大、二壩(ba)滲流量(liang)和繞壩(ba)滲流監(jian)測。
⑶應力(li)應變監(jian)測:包括大壩砼面板應力(li)應變和溫度監(jian)測。
系統布置
1、基點網
蓮(lian)花電站(zhan)水平(ping)位移(yi)(yi)監測(ce)基點(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)—邊角網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),由(you)壩區內(nei)的13個點(dian)組成(cheng)(cheng),采用T2002+DI2002全(quan)站(zhan)儀(yi)按國家一等(deng)三(san)角精(jing)度施測(ce);垂直(zhi)位移(yi)(yi)監測(ce)基點(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)—精(jing)密水準網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),由(you)壩下游區的26個點(dian)組成(cheng)(cheng),采用NI002A精(jing)密水準儀(yi)和銦瓦水準尺按國家一等(deng)水準精(jing)度施測(ce)。電站(zhan)大壩、二壩、溢(yi)洪道等(deng)建筑物的水平(ping)、垂直(zhi)位移(yi)(yi)觀(guan)測(ce)均(jun)以上述網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)作為基點(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。
2、大(da)、二壩(ba)監(jian)測系統布(bu)置
⑴大、二壩壩體表面變形(xing)監測
蓮花大壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(混凝(ning)土(tu)面(mian)板(ban)堆(dui)石(shi)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba))在(zai)(zai)面(mian)板(ban)、防(fang)浪墻(qiang)頂部(bu)(bu)、壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂公路下游(you)側(ce)、馬道及進廠公路上(shang)游(you)側(ce)平(ping)行(xing)于壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)軸線(xian)布置五排總(zong)計52個(ge)水(shui)平(ping)位(wei)移(yi)永(yong)久(jiu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian);在(zai)(zai)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)下游(you)坡(po)觀測(ce)(ce)(ce)室旁還(huan)有6個(ge)測(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)。二壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(粘土(tu)心墻(qiang)砂(sha)礫石(shi)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba))在(zai)(zai)上(shang)游(you)坡(po)、防(fang)浪墻(qiang)頂部(bu)(bu)、壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂公路下游(you)側(ce)及馬道處平(ping)行(xing)于壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)軸線(xian)布置四排總(zong)計13個(ge)水(shui)平(ping)位(wei)移(yi)永(yong)久(jiu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)體(ti)(ti)(ti)表面(mian)水(shui)平(ping)位(wei)移(yi)利用邊角網(wang)做為工作基(ji)點(dian),采(cai)用邊角交會或(huo)(huo)邊長交會法,應用T2002+DI2002按二等(deng)三角精(jing)度進行(xing)觀測(ce)(ce)(ce)。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)體(ti)(ti)(ti)表面(mian)垂(chui)直位(wei)移(yi)永(yong)久(jiu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)與水(shui)平(ping)位(wei)移(yi)永(yong)久(jiu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)在(zai)(zai)同一測(ce)(ce)(ce)墩上(shang)。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)體(ti)(ti)(ti)表面(mian)垂(chui)直位(wei)移(yi)利用精(jing)密水(shui)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)網(wang)做為工作基(ji)點(dian),組成閉(bi)合或(huo)(huo)附合水(shui)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)路線(xian),應用NI002A精(jing)密水(shui)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)儀和銦瓦水(shui)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)尺(chi)按二等(deng)水(shui)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)精(jing)度進行(xing)觀測(ce)(ce)(ce)。
⑵大壩壩體內(nei)部變(bian)形監(jian)測
取(qu)大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)兩個(ge)(ge)典型斷面0+170樁號(hao)(hao)(最大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)高斷面)和0+496樁號(hao)(hao)(地質條件(jian)復雜斷面)做為(wei)大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)體內(nei)部水平(ping)(ping)、垂直位(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)觀測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)斷面。在(zai)每(mei)個(ge)(ge)斷面壩(ba)(ba)下(xia)游(you)坡▽180m、▽192m和▽205m三個(ge)(ge)高程處布置6個(ge)(ge)內(nei)部變形觀測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)室,室內(nei)布置水平(ping)(ping)位(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)和垂直位(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)(dian)總計各(ge)24個(ge)(ge)。水平(ping)(ping)位(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)和垂直位(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)(dian)同(tong)組布置,同(tong)一層測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)(dian)以(yi)觀測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)主(zhu)堆石體位(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)主(zhu),每(mei)層都在(zai)過渡料與墊層料之間布置一個(ge)(ge)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)(dian),以(yi)此點(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)代(dai)表面板位(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),兼測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)面板撓度。水平(ping)(ping)位(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)觀測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)采用引(yin)張線(xian)式水平(ping)(ping)位(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)計,垂直位(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)采用水管式沉降儀。觀測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)室外(wai)設內(nei)外(wai)部聯(lian)系測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)(dian)6個(ge)(ge),觀測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)觀測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)室自身位(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),以(yi)便(bian)換算(suan)出(chu)壩(ba)(ba)體內(nei)部各(ge)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)(dian)的(de)絕(jue)對位(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。
⑶大壩面板板間縫、周邊縫變(bian)形監測
在(zai)靠近兩岸壩肩部位的張性(xing)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)區域(yu),各布置2支測(ce)(ce)(ce)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)計,觀(guan)(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)面(mian)板(ban)張性(xing)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)的開(kai)度(du)大小;在(zai)河(he)床(chuang)部位的壓(ya)性(xing)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)區域(yu),布置1支測(ce)(ce)(ce)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)計,觀(guan)(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)面(mian)板(ban)壓(ya)性(xing)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)的閉合度(du)大小。為觀(guan)(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)周(zhou)邊(bian)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)的三向位移(yi),在(zai)河(he)床(chuang)及(ji)兩岸的周(zhou)邊(bian)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)共布置9組三向測(ce)(ce)(ce)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)計,觀(guan)(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)垂直(zhi)于周(zhou)邊(bian)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)的開(kai)合、平行于周(zhou)邊(bian)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)的滑(hua)移(yi)及(ji)垂直(zhi)于面(mian)板(ban)的沉降。
⑷大、二(er)壩滲流監測
在大壩(ba)(ba)最大壩(ba)(ba)高斷面(0+170樁號)建(jian)基面靠(kao)近上游趾板帷幕后布(bu)置(zhi)4支滲(shen)(shen)壓(ya)計(ji)(ji),用來觀(guan)測壩(ba)(ba)基滲(shen)(shen)透壓(ya)力。在二壩(ba)(ba)0+072剖(pou)面,布(bu)置(zhi)12支鋼弦式滲(shen)(shen)壓(ya)計(ji)(ji),用以觀(guan)測壩(ba)(ba)體浸(jin)潤(run)線。
在(zai)大(da)壩(ba)(ba)下(xia)(xia)(xia)游(you)離壩(ba)(ba)軸線145m,利用原有下(xia)(xia)(xia)游(you)圍堰(yan),采用高噴灌漿形成一道阻(zu)水(shui)(shui)幕。在(zai)下(xia)(xia)(xia)游(you)圍堰(yan)0+265樁號設(she)(she)一座三(san)角形量(liang)水(shui)(shui)堰(yan),觀(guan)測大(da)壩(ba)(ba)的(de)(de)總滲漏(lou)量(liang)。利用二(er)(er)壩(ba)(ba)下(xia)(xia)(xia)游(you)壩(ba)(ba)腳處(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)濾水(shui)(shui)壩(ba)(ba)址(zhi)做排水(shui)(shui)溝,在(zai)二(er)(er)壩(ba)(ba)下(xia)(xia)(xia)游(you)樁號1+052處(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)一座三(san)角形量(liang)水(shui)(shui)堰(yan),觀(guan)測二(er)(er)壩(ba)(ba)的(de)(de)地(di)表(biao)滲漏(lou)量(liang)。通過(guo)在(zai)河(he)床中埋設(she)(she)測壓管來測定(ding)二(er)(er)壩(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)基(ji)的(de)(de)滲漏(lou)量(liang)。大(da)壩(ba)(ba)右岸(an)山(shan)體布(bu)設(she)(she)7孔,大(da)、二(er)(er)壩(ba)(ba)之間(jian)山(shan)體布(bu)設(she)(she)2孔,二(er)(er)壩(ba)(ba)左岸(an)山(shan)體布(bu)設(she)(she)9孔。對(dui)大(da)、二(er)(er)壩(ba)(ba)兩岸(an)山(shan)體繞壩(ba)(ba)滲流量(liang)進行監(jian)測,以此(ci)判斷(duan)山(shan)體的(de)(de)穩定(ding)性,為壩(ba)(ba)體安(an)全運(yun)行提供依據(ju)。
⑸大壩面板應(ying)力應(ying)變監測
在(zai)面板上(shang)選擇有代表(biao)性(xing)的部位布置(zhi)應變(bian)計、鋼(gang)筋計和無(wu)應力計;在(zai)靠近(jin)周(zhou)邊縫的部位布置(zhi)三(san)向應變(bian)計組,用于觀測面板的平面應力狀態。
自動化狀況
蓮花水(shui)電站大壩安全監測(ce)系(xi)統自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)分(fen)兩部(bu)(bu)分(fen):一是內(nei)部(bu)(bu)監測(ce)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua),包括除位(wei)移監測(ce)之外(wai)的所(suo)有(you)監測(ce)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu);二(er)是外(wai)部(bu)(bu)監測(ce)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua),指大、二(er)壩表面變形監測(ce)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)系(xi)統。內(nei)部(bu)(bu)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)系(xi)統由東(dong)北勘測(ce)設(she)計研究院(yuan)設(she)計并施工,目(mu)(mu)前此項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)還未完工,僅能進行(xing)數據自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)采集。外(wai)部(bu)(bu)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)系(xi)統采用(yong)徠(lai)卡測(ce)量機(ji)器人進行(xing)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)監測(ce),該項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)正在(zai)建設(she)中,預計將于(yu)今年6月投入使用(yong)。
1、內(nei)部監(jian)測自動化
大壩(ba)(ba)面板(ban)板(ban)間(jian)縫、周邊縫變(bian)形監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce);面板(ban)應力應變(bian)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce);大、二壩(ba)(ba)滲流監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)均在(zai)自動(dong)化(hua)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)中。在(zai)原測(ce)(ce)點處(chu)布置測(ce)(ce)量控(kong)制單元(MCU),通過通訊電(dian)纜引至(zhi)副(fu)廠(chang)房工(gong)作室,接收上(shang)位機指(zhi)令,選擇測(ce)(ce)點,采集傳(chuan)感器信號(hao)。按設(she)計(ji)將形成一個具(ju)備數(shu)據分析處(chu)理和遠程監(jian)(jian)控(kong)的自動(dong)化(hua)系(xi)統(tong)(tong),目前剛(gang)開發到數(shu)據采集階(jie)段。數(shu)據采集系(xi)統(tong)(tong)初(chu)步運行已(yi)近兩年,其間(jian)被雷電(dian)擊壞兩次,說明(ming)采集設(she)備防雷措施需(xu)加強。另外,由于壩(ba)(ba)址(zhi)地(di)處(chu)高寒地(di)區,冬季低(di)溫對系(xi)統(tong)(tong)正常運行也有一定影響(xiang)。
2、外部監測自動化
利(li)用壩(ba)下游(you)L4和(he)(he)L6兩基點(dian)(dian)做自(zi)動化監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)站,分(fen)別放置一臺徠(lai)卡TCA2003全站儀(被(bei)廠家稱為(wei)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量機(ji)器(qi)人),在(zai)大、二壩(ba)壩(ba)后(hou)原測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)(dian)固定棱鏡,采(cai)(cai)用邊長或邊角(jiao)交會法觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce),從而求得(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)(dian)坐標(biao)。觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)過程中(zhong)利(li)用大、二壩(ba)壩(ba)頭基點(dian)(dian)L8、L9和(he)(he)L10作為(wei)參(can)考點(dian)(dian),進行(xing)溫(wen)度和(he)(he)氣壓改正。除壩(ba)前(qian)15個測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)(dian)外(wai),其(qi)余56個測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)(dian)均與(yu)自(zi)動化測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)站通視(shi),這足(zu)以反映出壩(ba)體的(de)整體位移。另外(wai),也可采(cai)(cai)用人工觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)壩(ba)前(qian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)(dian)與(yu)自(zi)動化觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)其(qi)余測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)(dian)相結合的(de)半自(zi)動化方案。TCA2003機(ji)載軟件可完成水平角(jiao)、垂(chui)直角(jiao)和(he)(he)斜距的(de)野(ye)外(wai)觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)記錄工作,觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)中(zhong)能自(zi)動檢查各種限差。TCA2003可與(yu)計算機(ji)相聯,實現采(cai)(cai)集控(kong)制和(he)(he)數據傳輸、整理自(zi)動化;遠期目標(biao)在(zai)牡丹江進行(xing)遠程控(kong)制。