介紹
水庫位(wei)于區(qu)(qu)域(yu)構造相對穩定的(de)地(di)區(qu)(qu),區(qu)(qu)內出露的(de)地(di)層主要(yao)有下元(yuan)(yuan)古(gu)(gu)界的(de)混(hun)(hun)合(he)花(hua)崗(gang)巖(yan)、混(hun)(hun)合(he)巖(yan)及角(jiao)閃斜(xie)長片麻巖(yan)等,侵入(ru)巖(yan)主要(yao)有元(yuan)(yuan)古(gu)(gu)界的(de)混(hun)(hun)合(he)花(hua)崗(gang)巖(yan)、花(hua)崗(gang)閃長巖(yan)等。區(qu)(qu)內構造斷裂以南(nan)北向(xiang)(xiang)斷裂為(wei)主,規模較(jiao)大,其(qi)次(ci)為(wei)北東(dong)向(xiang)(xiang)、東(dong)西向(xiang)(xiang)及北西向(xiang)(xiang)斷裂。區(qu)(qu)域(yu)性(xing)的(de)牡丹江斷裂通(tong)過(guo)壩址左岸埡口,向(xiang)(xiang)南(nan)伸入(ru)庫區(qu)(qu),向(xiang)(xiang)北延至下游,但無現代活動跡象。經遼寧省地(di)震(zhen)局鑒定,基本地(di)震(zhen)烈度(du)(du)為(wei)6度(du)(du)。
庫區(qu)(qu)兩岸(an)山勢高峻,無相鄰河谷及(ji)單薄分水(shui)(shui)嶺。構(gou)成(cheng)庫區(qu)(qu)的(de)巖(yan)石(shi)主要為弱透水(shui)(shui)的(de)花崗(gang)巖(yan)或混合花崗(gang)巖(yan),且地下水(shui)(shui)位較(jiao)高,無永久(jiu)性(xing)滲漏問(wen)題。壩區(qu)(qu)河谷為一不對稱的(de)U型谷,平(ping)水(shui)(shui)期江水(shui)(shui)面(mian)寬約(yue)155m。右岸(an)為凹岸(an),因受河流強烈沖刷,沿江形成(cheng)基巖(yan)裸露的(de)陡壁(bi),比高達90~180m。左(zuo)岸(an)為凸(tu)岸(an),分布(bu)有(you)漫灘(tan)和(he)Ⅰ、Ⅱ級(ji)階地,壩頭處為一近(jin)東西向的(de)條(tiao)形山脊(ji)。壩頭后部山脊(ji)由于F1大斷層通過,巖(yan)石(shi)風化破碎(sui),構(gou)成(cheng)一低矮的(de)埡(wu)口,埡(wu)口左(zuo)側(ce)山體(ti)逐漸升高加厚。水(shui)(shui)庫正常(chang)蓄水(shui)(shui)位218m,水(shui)(shui)庫回水(shui)(shui)長度(du)99.9km,淹沒范(fan)圍涉及(ji)2個縣2個鄉,總計淹沒耕地10.94萬畝,需遷移人口40725人。
電站屬一等工(gong)程(cheng),樞紐由攔(lan)河壩(ba)(包(bao)括大壩(ba)和(he)二(er)壩(ba))、溢(yi)洪(hong)道和(he)引水發電系統等組成。大壩(ba)為鋼筋混(hun)凝土(tu)面(mian)板(ban)堆石壩(ba),下游(you)在(zai)高程(cheng)200m設一寬3m的馬道,在(zai)高程(cheng)173m有一寬10m的進廠公路(lu)。
堆(dui)石(shi)壩體(ti)從上游到(dao)下(xia)游分(fen)為墊層區(qu)(qu)(qu)、細堆(dui)石(shi)過渡區(qu)(qu)(qu)、主堆(dui)石(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)及下(xia)游堆(dui)石(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu),在周(zhou)邊(bian)縫下(xia)設填筑小區(qu)(qu)(qu),另外在面板(ban)(ban)(ban)上游側(ce)下(xia)部設粘土鋪(pu)蓋及保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)。趾(zhi)(zhi)板(ban)(ban)(ban)最大(da)寬度(du)6m,厚0.6m,趾(zhi)(zhi)板(ban)(ban)(ban)和面板(ban)(ban)(ban)之(zhi)間設置周(zhou)邊(bian)縫。通過趾(zhi)(zhi)板(ban)(ban)(ban)進行灌(guan)(guan)漿。帷(wei)(wei)幕(mu)(mu)灌(guan)(guan)漿為一(yi)排孔布置,最大(da)深度(du)約25m,固結灌(guan)(guan)漿于帷(wei)(wei)幕(mu)(mu)孔上下(xia)游各一(yi)排,孔深一(yi)般為6m。壩址地(di)處寒冷山區(qu)(qu)(qu),多年平均氣溫3.2℃,極(ji)端最低氣溫是—45.2℃,極(ji)端最高氣溫37.5℃。
二壩為粘(zhan)土心(xin)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)砂礫(li)石(shi)壩,布(bu)置在左(zuo)岸(an)低矮埡口(kou)處,心(xin)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)建基于呈塊狀的全風化巖下部,通過心(xin)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)底板進行灌漿,向(xiang)(xiang)右(you)與大壩帷幕相接(jie),向(xiang)(xiang)左(zuo)壩肩延長(chang)約120m,另外在F1大斷層破碎帶加強灌漿。溢(yi)(yi)(yi)洪道位于右(you)岸(an)低分水(shui)嶺處,為開敞式岸(an)坡溢(yi)(yi)(yi)洪道,由引水(shui)渠、溢(yi)(yi)(yi)流堰體(ti)、泄(xie)槽、挑流鼻坎(kan)及出水(shui)渠組(zu)成。
該工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)采用一(yi)次(ci)斷(duan)流(liu)(liu)、隧(sui)洞導(dao)流(liu)(liu)方案,導(dao)流(liu)(liu)洞進、出口及廠房圍(wei)堰(yan)為(wei)粘土心墻土石(shi)圍(wei)堰(yan),大壩上游圍(wei)堰(yan)為(wei)粘土斜墻土石(shi)圍(wei)堰(yan),按10年一(yi)遇洪水設計,2條導(dao)流(liu)(liu)洞為(wei)直徑13.7m的圓(yuan)形斷(duan)面。第一(yi)年先填筑導(dao)流(liu)(liu)隧(sui)洞進、出口及廠房圍(wei)堰(yan),江水從束窄(zhai)的河床過流(liu)(liu),第三年汛(xun)末主(zhu)河床截流(liu)(liu),江水由兩條導(dao)流(liu)(liu)隧(sui)洞宣泄,第五年下閘蓄水,工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)總工(gong)期67個(ge)月。
蓮花水(shui)電(dian)站是中國目前(qian)在寒冷地區修建(jian)的一(yi)座混(hun)凝土面板堆石壩,每(mei)年(nian)施(shi)工期不足7個月。冬(dong)季石料開(kai)采(cai)或制(zhi)備(bei)不停工,需解(jie)決負溫下不灑水(shui)的壩體填(tian)筑質量(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)問題(ti)。
總工程量為土石(shi)方開挖(wa)624.48萬(wan)m3,土石(shi)方填筑(zhu)590萬(wan)m3,混凝土澆筑(zhu)49.69萬(wan)m3。工程總投資19.5億。淹沒耕(geng)地1295.5hm2,遷移人口40725人。
工程設計
大(da)(da)壩(ba)位(wei)于(yu)主河床,壩(ba)型為混凝土(tu)(tu)面板堆(dui)石(shi)(shi)壩(ba),最大(da)(da)壩(ba)高71sm,壩(ba)頂(ding)(ding)長(chang)度902om,壩(ba)頂(ding)(ding)寬(kuan)(kuan)度8om,面板總面積75400 mZ,大(da)(da)壩(ba)上(shang)下游邊(bian)坡1:1.4。壩(ba)基礎鋪有2om厚的(de)排(pai)水層.壩(ba)體填筑390萬m3。筑壩(ba) 堆(dui)石(shi)(shi)料為混合花(hua)崗巖,其強(qiang)風(feng)化下部(bu)至徽新巖體的(de)濕 抗壓強(qiang)度為51.0-150 MPa。周邊(bian)縫設(she)3道止水,勃土(tu)(tu)心(xin)墻堆(dui)石(shi)(shi)壩(ba)最大(da)(da)壩(ba)高47Zm,壩(ba)頂(ding)(ding)長(chang)度332m,壩(ba)頂(ding)(ding)寬(kuan)(kuan) 8om,上(shang)下游壩(ba)坡均為l,2.0、1:2.25,薪土(tu)(tu)心(xin)墻頂(ding)(ding)寬(kuan)(kuan)4Om,上(shang)下游坡比1:0.2,貓土(tu)(tu)心(xin)墻的(de)土(tu)(tu)料為左岸(an)的(de)貓土(tu)(tu)和粉質(zhi)貓土(tu)(tu),滲透系數1.7xlo’scm/S、設(she)計(ji)干密度1.62kg/cm。壩(ba)殼料為溢(yi)洪道開挖強(qiang)風(feng)化 混合花(hua)崗巖和部(bu)分砂礫石(shi)(shi)料。開敞式溢(yi)洪道位(wei)于(yu)右岸(an)的(de)山(shan)體婭口(kou)處,溢(yi)流前沿 總長(chang)度130m,溢(yi)洪道由溢(yi)流堰(yan)、泄(xie)槽(cao)和挑(tiao)流棄坎組 成,全(quan)長(chang)990m。溢(yi)洪道最大(da)(da)泄(xie)量18570 m3/s,共7孔設(she)有16 mX13.4m弧(hu)形工(gong)作門和平板檢修門。
引(yin)(yin)(yin)水(shui)發電系統(tong)位于右岸,采(cai)用引(yin)(yin)(yin)水(shui)隧洞接地面廠房布置型式(shi)。引(yin)(yin)(yin)水(shui)隧洞進口位于右岸大壩上游200m的陡崖處。兩(liang)條(tiao)引(yin)(yin)(yin)水(shui)隧洞均采(cai)用岸塔(ta)式(shi)進水(shui)口,進水(shui)塔(ta)高62sm,進水(shui)口前沿設(she)(she)有(you)(you)4扇(shan)6mx33m活動(dong)攔污(wu)柵,每個進水(shui)口設(she)(she)計流(liu)量662 m3/s,設(she)(she)有(you)(you)兩(liang)扇(shan)6m沐14 m平板檢修門(men)及固定式(shi)卷(juan)揚啟閉機。兩(liang)條(tiao)引(yin)(yin)(yin)水(shui)隧洞均為圓型鋼筋混凝土(tu)襯砌斷面,隧洞埋深70一160m,內徑(jing)13.7m,1號和2號引(yin)(yin)(yin)水(shui)隧洞分(fen)別長(chang)620.54m和493.98m。
引水隧(sui)洞末端均設有一(yi)座阻抗式調(diao)(diao)壓(ya)井。調(diao)(diao)壓(ya)井高94.02m,橫斷面為(wei)復式雙圓弧型。4條壓(ya)力管(guan)道從井后(hou)接出,壓(ya)力管(guan)道直徑為(wei)8.4m,每條長(chang)140m,壓(ya)力管(guan)道埋深一(yi)般為(wei)50-80m,采 用鋼板襯(chen)砌。
岸邊地面(mian)廠(chang)(chang)房(fang)(fang)由主廠(chang)(chang)房(fang)(fang)、副(fu)廠(chang)(chang)房(fang)(fang)、變(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)和開(kai)(kai)關站(zhan)組成。主廠(chang)(chang)房(fang)(fang)尺寸為162.5 rnx29m只(zhi)55.98m(長火(huo) 寬x高)。安(an)裝4臺(tai)137.5 MW的水(shui)輪發電(dian)機組。發電(dian)機層與(yu)地面(mian)齊平。4臺(tai)主變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)布置在廠(chang)(chang)后(hou)平臺(tai)。開(kai)(kai)關站(zhan)布置在廠(chang)(chang)房(fang)(fang)左側(ce),中控室(shi)布置在再(zai)廠(chang)(chang)左側(ce)安(an)裝間和開(kai)(kai)關站(zhan)之間。
施工技術
壩體填筑施工技(ji)術
壩(ba)體填(tian)(tian)(tian)筑前采用15.5 t振(zhen)動碾(nian)(nian)將砂礫石(shi)(shi)基礎碾(nian)(nian)壓(ya)6遍(bian)。小(xiao)區料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)由鍔(e)式(shi)破碎(sui)機(ji)(ji)(ji)一次(ci)破碎(sui)后,再摻(chan)(chan)(chan)入(ru)(ru)15%~20%的(de)天然(ran)河砂;冬季(ji)施工因碾(nian)(nian)壓(ya)時不(bu)(bu)能灑水,摻(chan)(chan)(chan)25%~30%的(de)人(ren)工破碎(sui)石(shi)(shi)粉,填(tian)(tian)(tian)筑時由人(ren)工攤鋪(pu),層(ceng)厚0.15 m,15.5 t振(zhen)動碾(nian)(nian)靜(jing)碾(nian)(nian)16遍(bian)。墊(dian)(dian)層(ceng)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)由鍔(e)式(shi)破碎(sui)機(ji)(ji)(ji)破碎(sui)石(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao),破碎(sui)機(ji)(ji)(ji)規(gui)格200×400、400×600、600×900共(gong)6臺,最大(da)生產(chan)能力每班為702 m3。為滿(man)足(zu)細(xi)(xi)顆料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)含量要求(qiu),常溫季(ji)節摻(chan)(chan)(chan)入(ru)(ru)15%~20%天然(ran)河砂。超(chao)(chao)(chao)徑(jing)石(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)超(chao)(chao)(chao)過(guo)3%。含泥量不(bu)(bu)超(chao)(chao)(chao)過(guo)3%。人(ren)工攤鋪(pu)鋪(pu)層(ceng)厚0.4 m,并向上游側超(chao)(chao)(chao)填(tian)(tian)(tian)不(bu)(bu)大(da)于15 cm,常溫下灑水20%,15.5 t振(zhen)動碾(nian)(nian)壓(ya)10遍(bian)。采用反擊式(shi)碎(sui)石(shi)(shi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)生產(chan)最大(da)粒徑(jing)為2cm的(de)細(xi)(xi)石(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao),含水率1.7%~2.3%,含泥量極少(不(bu)(bu)超(chao)(chao)(chao)過(guo)0.5%),受凍(dong)后不(bu)(bu)易(yi)結(jie)塊,是良好(hao)的(de)細(xi)(xi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)來源。摻(chan)(chan)(chan)配比例為粗碎(sui)石(shi)(shi)∶細(xi)(xi)碎(sui)石(shi)(shi)(含石(shi)(shi)粉)∶水洗(xi)砂=4∶1∶1,滿(man)足(zu)了設計要求(qiu),解決(jue)了大(da)壩(ba)墊(dian)(dian)層(ceng)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)冬季(ji)填(tian)(tian)(tian)筑施工的(de)難題。過(guo)渡層(ceng)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)有采石(shi)(shi)場爆(bao)破開采,剔(ti)除(chu)大(da)于30 cm的(de)超(chao)(chao)(chao)徑(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao),用4 m3電鏟(chan)(chan)及3 m3裝(zhuang)(zhuang)載機(ji)(ji)(ji)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)、15 t~20 t自卸汽車(che)進(jin)行(xing)運輸。填(tian)(tian)(tian)筑采用后退(tui)法(fa)卸料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao),用180 hp推土機(ji)(ji)(ji)攤平,人(ren)工配合(he),鋪(pu)層(ceng)厚0.4m。主、次(ci)堆(dui)石(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)分別來自溢洪道和(he)采石(shi)(shi)場及洞挖料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao),由4 m3電鏟(chan)(chan)及4 m3~6m3裝(zhuang)(zhuang)載機(ji)(ji)(ji)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)、15 t~42 t自卸汽車(che)進(jin)行(xing)運輸,進(jin)占法(fa)卸料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao),推土機(ji)(ji)(ji)攤平,鋪(pu)層(ceng)厚主堆(dui)為60 cm、80cm、次(ci)堆(dui)為100cm、120cm,15.5t振(zhen)動碾(nian)(nian)碾(nian)(nian)壓(ya)。在實際填(tian)(tian)(tian)筑過(guo)程中,最大(da)日(ri)填(tian)(tian)(tian)筑強度:墊(dian)(dian)層(ceng)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)達(da)1240m3/d,過(guo)渡層(ceng)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)達(da)1500m3/d,堆(dui)石(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)達(da)14000m3/d。
面板(ban)混(hun)凝土施(shi)工技術
無軌(gui)滑(hua)模(mo)模(mo)具(ju)設計制作(zuo) 自行設計制作(zuo)無軌(gui)滑(hua)模(mo)設施(shi),據(ju)砼面(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)寬(kuan)度考慮(lv)兩種規格.滑(hua)模(mo)設施(shi)主要由(you)(you)滑(hua)動(dong)(dong)模(mo)板(ban)(ban)、側(ce)(ce)模(mo)板(ban)(ban)、各種專用(yong)(yong)運(yun)輸臺車、混凝土(tu)拌(ban)合運(yun)輸機(ji)具(ju)和(he)提升運(yun)輸機(ji)具(ju)等構成(cheng).滑(hua)動(dong)(dong)模(mo)板(ban)(ban)骨(gu)架采用(yong)(yong)桁(heng)架式,由(you)(you)63.5mm×5mm鋼管焊制,每(mei)榀桁(heng)架高0.61m,長(chang)15m(用(yong)(yong)于14 m寬(kuan)面(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)),桁(heng)架中心距(ju)0.4m,共4榀,各榀桁(heng)架間采用(yong)(yong)系桿連接。由(you)(you)于面(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)施(shi)工面(mian)(mian)積較大,考慮(lv)其(qi)抗磨耐久(jiu)性,滑(hua)模(mo)面(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)采用(yong)(yong)10mm厚鋼板(ban)(ban)。滑(hua)動(dong)(dong)模(mo)板(ban)(ban)尺(chi)寸(14 cm板(ban)(ban)寬(kuan))為(wei)1.6 m×15m.滑(hua)動(dong)(dong)模(mo)板(ban)(ban)重(zhong)量為(wei)4.032t,滑(hua)升時(shi)根據(ju)上浮情況加鋼筋(jin)作(zuo)配重(zhong)。側(ce)(ce)模(mo)結構采用(yong)(yong)50×5角鋼焊制成(cheng)框架,人工安拆側(ce)(ce)模(mo)每(mei)節長(chang)2m。每(mei)套側(ce)(ce)模(mo)可周轉使用(yong)(yong),由(you)(you)布設在(zai)壩頂(ding)的(de)2臺5t卷揚(yang)機(ji)牽引,卷揚(yang)機(ji)由(you)(you)埋入堆(dui)石內的(de)簡易地錨固定(ding)。
面板砼澆筑
⑴混凝土配(pei)合(he)比(bi):
根(gen)據面板滑模砼(tong)的施工要求,大(da)壩水(shui)(shui)泥的mgo含量偏高使砼(tong)具(ju)有微膨脹(zhang)性(xing)(xing),可以抵(di)消砼(tong)的大(da)部分收縮變形, sk引氣減(jian)水(shui)(shui)劑對提高砼(tong)抗凍性(xing)(xing)能效果顯著(zhu),有不透水(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)和抗裂性(xing)(xing),增(zeng)加砼(tong)與(yu)鋼筋的握裹(guo)強度(du)的特性(xing)(xing)。
⑵周邊縫瀝青砂墊層(ceng)施工
瀝青砂(sha)墊層施工分兩種(zhong):一種(zhong)是預先制成塊,每塊長約(yue)30 cm,運至現場(chang)作業(ye)面安裝,各塊間隙用熱瀝青灌注;變形模(mo)量(liang)(liang)80~100mpa,瀝青砂(sha)在5~37.5℃的(de)氣溫下(xia)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)澆注不堆(dui)坡(po),并形成1∶1.4邊坡(po),進(jin)行(xing)(xing)了試驗.試驗初(chu),曾采(cai)用粉煤灰、石棉和砂(sha)摻合料,把摻合料改為(wei)(wei)(wei)水泥和河砂(sha)。一期面板砼(tong)施工(即高程197.5 m以下(xia),板塊最大斜長81.3m),完成砼(tong)量(liang)(liang)18348 m3,面板面積為(wei)(wei)(wei)42008 m2,最大滑(hua)升速度為(wei)(wei)(wei)4.6 m/h;二期面板砼(tong)施工(即高程197.5m~208.0m),完成砼(tong)量(liang)(liang)2339m3,面板面積為(wei)(wei)(wei)11492m2,最大滑(hua)升速度為(wei)(wei)(wei)5.19 m/h。為(wei)(wei)(wei)滿足施工進(jin)度要求,共制做5套滑(hua)模(mo)模(mo)具,其中14m板寬的(de)4套,7m板寬的(de)1套。
進水(shui)口(kou)攔(lan)污柵墩砼(tong)滑模施工技術
每個(ge)進(jin)(jin)水(shui)口(kou)由5個(ge)攔污柵(zha)(zha)(zha)墩(dun)(dun)組成四孔,墩(dun)(dun)間凈距6 m,邊(bian)墩(dun)(dun)和中墩(dun)(dun)斷(duan)面(mian)(mian)均為(wei)(wei)2 m×10 m,次中墩(dun)(dun)斷(duan)面(mian)(mian)均為(wei)(wei)1.4 m×10 m。為(wei)(wei)滿(man)(man)足截流對進(jin)(jin)水(shui)口(kou)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)形象(xiang)面(mian)(mian)貌要求,每個(ge)進(jin)(jin)水(shui)口(kou)5個(ge)攔污柵(zha)(zha)(zha)墩(dun)(dun)需(xu)采(cai)用整體同步(bu)滑模(mo)(mo),制作(zuo)一套模(mo)(mo)具可滿(man)(man)足兩個(ge)進(jin)(jin)水(shui)口(kou)周轉使用要求。根據以(yi)往滑模(mo)(mo)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)經(jing)驗,取消(xiao)攔污柵(zha)(zha)(zha)槽(cao)二(er)期(qi)(qi)砼(tong),即柵(zha)(zha)(zha)槽(cao)埋(mai)件(jian)隨(sui)滑模(mo)(mo)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)逐節安裝。滑模(mo)(mo)起滑在(zai)底板形成后進(jin)(jin)行,砼(tong)水(shui)平運輸(shu)采(cai)用6m3砼(tong)攪(jiao)拌運輸(shu)車.砼(tong)垂直運輸(shu)前期(qi)(qi)主要采(cai)用布置在(zai)地面(mian)(mian)上(shang)(shang)的30/10園筒型(xing)高架(jia)門機吊罐(guan)(guan)入倉(cang),后期(qi)(qi)利(li)用布置在(zai)上(shang)(shang)部高程239m路和攔污柵(zha)(zha)(zha)下游高程218.5m撐墻上(shang)(shang)的門機吊罐(guan)(guan)入倉(cang),塔(ta)吊吊小罐(guan)(guan)輔助作(zuo)業。
調壓井(jing)井(jing)筒砼初砌滑模施工技術
每(mei)(mei)個調壓井斷面(mian)輪(lun)廓由(you)園弧(hu)、直線(xian)和(he)折線(xian)組(zu)成,砼(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)襯砌(qi)后斷面(mian)短跨(kua)×長跨(kua)約(yue)為17 m×20m。自(zi)(zi)底(di)板高(gao)程(cheng)155.08m至頂(ding)部(bu)高(gao)程(cheng)250m,井筒(tong)(tong)高(gao)95m。根據1996年底(di)首(shou)機發電(dian)對2#調壓井工(gong)期要求,決(jue)定(ding)井筒(tong)(tong)砼(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)襯砌(qi)采(cai)用(yong)滑(hua)模(mo)(mo)(mo)施工(gong)方案。考慮1#調壓井亦(yi)用(yong)此方案施工(gong),需要設計制作(zuo)一(yi)套(tao)安(an)拆方便(bian)的液壓滑(hua)模(mo)(mo)(mo)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)。滑(hua)模(mo)(mo)(mo)設施主要由(you)操作(zuo)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)、提升(sheng)(sheng)機架、圍圈(quan)、模(mo)(mo)(mo)板、砼(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)材(cai)料工(gong)器具(ju)運(yun)輸(shu)系(xi)統(tong)、人(ren)員上(shang)(shang)下(xia)交通系(xi)統(tong)組(zu)成.操作(zuo)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)承重(zhong)結構采(cai)用(yong)網狀鋼(gang)(gang)桁(heng)架式結構,以減輕平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)本身自(zi)(zi)重(zhong)。采(cai)用(yong)l75×5和(he)l100×10角(jiao)鋼(gang)(gang)焊制,提升(sheng)(sheng)架安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)兩臺(tai)千斤(jin)頂(ding)。提升(sheng)(sheng)架共82個,千斤(jin)頂(ding)140個滑(hua)模(mo)(mo)(mo)。模(mo)(mo)(mo)體總重(zhong)為43t。砼(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)水平(ping)(ping)運(yun)輸(shu)采(cai)用(yong)6m3砼(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)攪拌運(yun)輸(shu)車,砼(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)垂(chui)直運(yun)輸(shu),由(you)于(yu)調壓井滑(hua)模(mo)(mo)(mo)從底(di)板上(shang)(shang)開始滑(hua)升(sheng)(sheng),低部(bu)位阻抗板以下(xia)采(cai)用(yong)砼(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)泵(beng)自(zi)(zi)底(di)洞輸(shu)送砼(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)入(ru)倉,溜管為φ219鋼(gang)(gang)管,溜管每(mei)(mei)節長2.0m,節間由(you)法(fa)蘭(lan)連(lian)接,每(mei)(mei)節均(jun)與鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)繩連(lian)接牢固,每(mei)(mei)節溜管承受(shou)荷載均(jun)傳到鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)繩上(shang)(shang),鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)繩錨(mao)固在(zai)井頂(ding)部(bu)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)的地錨(mao)上(shang)(shang)。2#調壓井井筒(tong)(tong)砼(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)滑(hua)模(mo)(mo)(mo)每(mei)(mei)升(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)1m需安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)鋼(gang)(gang)筋10t,鋼(gang)(gang)筋安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)量大且內層水平(ping)(ping)環向鋼(gang)(gang)筋綁扎困難,而且在(zai)高(gao)程(cheng)228.5m又進(jin)行了(le)改模(mo)(mo)(mo),對滑(hua)升(sheng)(sheng)進(jin)度有一(yi)定(ding)影響。正常滑(hua)升(sheng)(sheng)速度為
蓮花水電站引水隧(sui)洞(dong)砼襯砌施工技術
2.5 m/d。
引水(shui)隧(sui)洞(dong)砼襯砌施工技術(shu)
1)邊(bian)頂拱鋼模臺車(che)
臺車模(mo)(mo)板(ban)(ban)由7節模(mo)(mo)板(ban)(ban)拼裝組(zu)成,支立總長(chang)10.5m,每節模(mo)(mo)板(ban)(ban)沿環向(xiang)分為5段。頂拱段為一(yi)整體(ti)鋼模(mo)(mo),兩(liang)(liang)側邊(bian)拱段均由大、小兩(liang)(liang)塊鋼模(mo)(mo)組(zu)成。邊(bian)頂拱砼襯砌(qi)斷面的(de)(de)中心角為288.54°。在邊(bian)拱鋼模(mo)(mo)上(shang)設(she)置砼下料操作窗(chuang)口(kou)若干個,模(mo)(mo)板(ban)(ban)收分采用(yong)機械收分系統,利(li)用(yong)設(she)置在頂拱模(mo)(mo)板(ban)(ban)和兩(liang)(liang)側邊(bian)拱模(mo)(mo)板(ban)(ban)上(shang)的(de)(de)液壓千(qian)斤頂和絲杠進(jin)行收分。臺車底腳裝有可沿彎(wan)曲軌道行走(zou)的(de)(de)輪子8個,每臺鋼模(mo)(mo)臺車重160 t。
2)底拱鋼模臺車(che)
臺(tai)車(che)(che)模板(ban)由(you)6節鋼(gang)(gang)模板(ban)拼裝組成,支立總長10.5m,每(mei)節鋼(gang)(gang)模為一整塊模板(ban),底拱鋼(gang)(gang)模上設置下料口(kou),6節鋼(gang)(gang)模與(yu)3根(gen)縱梁聯接形成整體模板(ban),縱橫(heng)梁之間用絲杠連接,通過操作絲杠起落(luo)模板(ban),橫(heng)梁與(yu)聯系(xi)梁連接,聯梁底部安裝4個可沿軌(gui)道行走的輪子(zi),底拱臺(tai)車(che)(che)重20t。
3)臺車軌道及牽引動力設施(shi)
邊(bian)頂拱鋼(gang)模(mo)臺車(che)的(de)軌(gui)(gui)道,是(shi)在開挖(wa)底(di)板上墊碎渣(zha)或小骨料,其上鋪枕木(mu),軌(gui)(gui)道采用(yong)qu80型鋼(gang)軌(gui)(gui).底(di)拱鋼(gang)模(mo)臺車(che)的(de)軌(gui)(gui)道,采用(yong)在已澆邊(bian)拱砼上預埋鋼(gang)板,其上固定120工(gong)字鋼(gang)作為軌(gui)(gui)道。邊(bian)頂拱鋼(gang)模(mo)臺車(che)采用(yong)180hp推土機牽(qian)引行走(zou)(zou)。底(di)拱鋼(gang)模(mo)臺車(che)采用(yong)180hp推土機或1臺5t,卷揚機牽(qian)引行走(zou)(zou)。
4)砼襯砌施工
由(you)于進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入洞內的施工(gong)(gong)通(tong)道只有進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)口(kou)一(yi)(yi)條,故砼(tong)整體澆(jiao)筑(zhu)施工(gong)(gong)應自內向(xiang)外進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行,每個(ge)澆(jiao)筑(zhu)段(duan)長度(du)(du)為10.5m。采(cai)用(yong)先邊(bian)頂拱、后底拱的施工(gong)(gong)順序,每條洞邊(bian)頂拱砼(tong)襯(chen)砌(qi)分(fen)幾個(ge)襯(chen)砌(qi)單元進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行,自里向(xiang)外逐(zhu)單元進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行;每個(ge)單元長度(du)(du)為10個(ge)澆(jiao)筑(zhu)段(duan)左右,各布置兩(liang)臺(tai)邊(bian)頂拱鋼(gang)(gang)模(mo)(mo)臺(tai)車(che)(che)(che),分(fen)別(bie)布置在端(duan)部,一(yi)(yi)臺(tai)鋼(gang)(gang)筋臺(tai)車(che)(che)(che)布置在兩(liang)臺(tai)邊(bian)頂鋼(gang)(gang)模(mo)(mo)臺(tai)車(che)(che)(che)之間。砼(tong)運(yun)輸采(cai)用(yong)6m3砼(tong)攪(jiao)拌運(yun)輸車(che)(che)(che)運(yun)入洞內至90m3/h砼(tong)泵(beng)車(che)(che)(che),由(you)砼(tong)泵(beng)車(che)(che)(che)壓送砼(tong)入倉(cang)。用(yong)回彈儀在環縫砼(tong)上進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行測試(shi),控制在砼(tong)抗壓強度(du)(du)達45kg/cm2以上進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行脫模(mo)(mo)。一(yi)(yi)般(ban)需要18~24h達到脫模(mo)(mo)強度(du)(du).采(cai)用(yong)上述(shu)施工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝,隧(sui)洞砼(tong)襯(chen)砌(qi)月進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)尺達105m,保證了隧(sui)洞施工(gong)(gong)形象(xiang)面貌的按期實現。
安全監測
介紹
蓮(lian)花水電站大(da)(da)壩(ba)安(an)全(quan)監測系統(tong)由東北勘(kan)測設(she)計研究院設(she)計。大(da)(da)、二(er)壩(ba)內部(bu)觀(guan)測儀器(qi)埋設(she)和外部(bu)觀(guan)測測點(dian)澆筑隨壩(ba)體施工同步進行(xing),從1993年開(kai)始,到1997年結(jie)束。大(da)(da)壩(ba)安(an)全(quan)監測以變形、滲流(liu)為(wei)主(zhu),應力應變為(wei)輔(fu);施工期(qi)和運行(xing)期(qi)監測兼顧。
項目
⑴變(bian)形監測(ce):包(bao)括(kuo)大(da)、二壩(ba)壩(ba)體表面水(shui)平、垂直位移;大(da)壩(ba)壩(ba)體內部水(shui)平、垂直位移;砼面板板間縫、周(zhou)邊縫開合(he)度(du)及(ji)面板撓曲變(bian)形監測(ce)。
⑵滲(shen)(shen)流(liu)監測(ce):包(bao)括(kuo)大壩(ba)壩(ba)體滲(shen)(shen)透壓力;大、二壩(ba)滲(shen)(shen)流(liu)量和繞壩(ba)滲(shen)(shen)流(liu)監測(ce)。
⑶應(ying)力應(ying)變(bian)監測:包括大壩砼面板(ban)應(ying)力應(ying)變(bian)和溫度監測。
系統布置
1、基點網
蓮花電站(zhan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)位(wei)(wei)移監(jian)測(ce)基點(dian)網(wang)(wang)—邊角(jiao)網(wang)(wang),由壩區內(nei)的(de)13個(ge)點(dian)組成,采(cai)用(yong)T2002+DI2002全站(zhan)儀按國家一等三角(jiao)精度(du)施測(ce);垂直(zhi)位(wei)(wei)移監(jian)測(ce)基點(dian)網(wang)(wang)—精密水(shui)(shui)(shui)準(zhun)(zhun)網(wang)(wang),由壩下游區的(de)26個(ge)點(dian)組成,采(cai)用(yong)NI002A精密水(shui)(shui)(shui)準(zhun)(zhun)儀和銦(yin)瓦水(shui)(shui)(shui)準(zhun)(zhun)尺按國家一等水(shui)(shui)(shui)準(zhun)(zhun)精度(du)施測(ce)。電站(zhan)大(da)壩、二壩、溢(yi)洪道等建筑物的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)、垂直(zhi)位(wei)(wei)移觀測(ce)均以(yi)上述(shu)網(wang)(wang)作為基點(dian)網(wang)(wang)。
2、大、二(er)壩監測系(xi)統(tong)布置
⑴大、二(er)壩壩體表面變(bian)形(xing)監測
蓮(lian)花大壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(混(hun)凝(ning)土面(mian)(mian)板堆石壩(ba)(ba)(ba))在(zai)面(mian)(mian)板、防浪墻(qiang)(qiang)頂部(bu)、壩(ba)(ba)(ba)頂公(gong)路下(xia)游(you)側(ce)、馬(ma)道及進廠(chang)公(gong)路上游(you)側(ce)平(ping)(ping)行于壩(ba)(ba)(ba)軸(zhou)線布(bu)(bu)置(zhi)五排(pai)總計52個水平(ping)(ping)位(wei)移(yi)(yi)永(yong)(yong)久測(ce)(ce)點(dian);在(zai)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)下(xia)游(you)坡觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)室旁還有6個測(ce)(ce)點(dian)。二(er)(er)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(粘(zhan)土心(xin)墻(qiang)(qiang)砂礫石壩(ba)(ba)(ba))在(zai)上游(you)坡、防浪墻(qiang)(qiang)頂部(bu)、壩(ba)(ba)(ba)頂公(gong)路下(xia)游(you)側(ce)及馬(ma)道處平(ping)(ping)行于壩(ba)(ba)(ba)軸(zhou)線布(bu)(bu)置(zhi)四(si)排(pai)總計13個水平(ping)(ping)位(wei)移(yi)(yi)永(yong)(yong)久測(ce)(ce)點(dian)。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)體表面(mian)(mian)水平(ping)(ping)位(wei)移(yi)(yi)利用(yong)(yong)邊(bian)(bian)角網做(zuo)(zuo)為工作(zuo)基(ji)點(dian),采用(yong)(yong)邊(bian)(bian)角交(jiao)會(hui)或邊(bian)(bian)長交(jiao)會(hui)法,應(ying)用(yong)(yong)T2002+DI2002按二(er)(er)等三角精度進行觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)體表面(mian)(mian)垂直位(wei)移(yi)(yi)永(yong)(yong)久測(ce)(ce)點(dian)與水平(ping)(ping)位(wei)移(yi)(yi)永(yong)(yong)久測(ce)(ce)點(dian)在(zai)同一測(ce)(ce)墩上。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)體表面(mian)(mian)垂直位(wei)移(yi)(yi)利用(yong)(yong)精密水準網做(zuo)(zuo)為工作(zuo)基(ji)點(dian),組(zu)成閉合(he)或附合(he)水準路線,應(ying)用(yong)(yong)NI002A精密水準儀和銦(yin)瓦水準尺按二(er)(er)等水準精度進行觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)。
⑵大壩壩體內(nei)部(bu)變形(xing)監測
取大壩(ba)(ba)兩個(ge)典(dian)型斷(duan)面(mian)(mian)0+170樁(zhuang)號(最(zui)大壩(ba)(ba)高(gao)斷(duan)面(mian)(mian))和(he)(he)0+496樁(zhuang)號(地質條件復雜斷(duan)面(mian)(mian))做為大壩(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)體(ti)內(nei)(nei)部水(shui)平、垂(chui)直(zhi)位(wei)(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi)的觀(guan)(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)斷(duan)面(mian)(mian)。在每個(ge)斷(duan)面(mian)(mian)壩(ba)(ba)下游坡▽180m、▽192m和(he)(he)▽205m三個(ge)高(gao)程處布置(zhi)6個(ge)內(nei)(nei)部變形觀(guan)(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)室(shi)(shi),室(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)布置(zhi)水(shui)平位(wei)(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi)和(he)(he)垂(chui)直(zhi)位(wei)(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)總(zong)計各24個(ge)。水(shui)平位(wei)(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi)和(he)(he)垂(chui)直(zhi)位(wei)(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)同(tong)組布置(zhi),同(tong)一(yi)層(ceng)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)以(yi)觀(guan)(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)主堆石體(ti)位(wei)(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi)為主,每層(ceng)都在過渡(du)料與墊層(ceng)料之間布置(zhi)一(yi)個(ge)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian),以(yi)此(ci)點(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi)代(dai)表面(mian)(mian)板位(wei)(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi),兼測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)面(mian)(mian)板撓度。水(shui)平位(wei)(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi)觀(guan)(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)采(cai)用引張線式水(shui)平位(wei)(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi)計,垂(chui)直(zhi)位(wei)(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi)采(cai)用水(shui)管式沉(chen)降儀(yi)。觀(guan)(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)室(shi)(shi)外設內(nei)(nei)外部聯系測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)6個(ge),觀(guan)(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)觀(guan)(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)室(shi)(shi)自(zi)身(shen)位(wei)(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi),以(yi)便換算出壩(ba)(ba)體(ti)內(nei)(nei)部各測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)的絕對(dui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi)。
⑶大(da)壩(ba)面板板間縫、周邊(bian)縫變(bian)形(xing)監測
在靠近兩岸壩(ba)肩部位的張(zhang)性縫(feng)(feng)區(qu)域,各(ge)布(bu)置(zhi)(zhi)2支測(ce)縫(feng)(feng)計(ji),觀(guan)測(ce)面板張(zhang)性縫(feng)(feng)的開度(du)大小(xiao);在河床部位的壓性縫(feng)(feng)區(qu)域,布(bu)置(zhi)(zhi)1支測(ce)縫(feng)(feng)計(ji),觀(guan)測(ce)面板壓性縫(feng)(feng)的閉合(he)(he)度(du)大小(xiao)。為觀(guan)測(ce)周(zhou)邊縫(feng)(feng)的三向位移,在河床及兩岸的周(zhou)邊縫(feng)(feng)共布(bu)置(zhi)(zhi)9組三向測(ce)縫(feng)(feng)計(ji),觀(guan)測(ce)垂(chui)直(zhi)于周(zhou)邊縫(feng)(feng)的開合(he)(he)、平行于周(zhou)邊縫(feng)(feng)的滑移及垂(chui)直(zhi)于面板的沉降(jiang)。
⑷大、二壩滲流監測
在(zai)大壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)最大壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)高斷面(0+170樁(zhuang)號(hao))建(jian)基面靠近上(shang)游趾板帷幕后布(bu)置4支滲(shen)壓(ya)計,用來觀測壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)基滲(shen)透壓(ya)力(li)。在(zai)二壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)0+072剖(pou)面,布(bu)置12支鋼弦式滲(shen)壓(ya)計,用以(yi)觀測壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)體浸潤線(xian)。
在(zai)大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)下(xia)(xia)游(you)(you)離壩(ba)(ba)(ba)軸線(xian)145m,利(li)用(yong)(yong)原有(you)下(xia)(xia)游(you)(you)圍堰,采用(yong)(yong)高噴灌(guan)漿形(xing)成一(yi)道阻水幕。在(zai)下(xia)(xia)游(you)(you)圍堰0+265樁號(hao)設(she)一(yi)座(zuo)三(san)(san)角形(xing)量(liang)水堰,觀測大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)的(de)(de)總滲(shen)(shen)漏量(liang)。利(li)用(yong)(yong)二(er)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)下(xia)(xia)游(you)(you)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)腳處的(de)(de)濾水壩(ba)(ba)(ba)址做排水溝,在(zai)二(er)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)下(xia)(xia)游(you)(you)樁號(hao)1+052處設(she)一(yi)座(zuo)三(san)(san)角形(xing)量(liang)水堰,觀測二(er)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)的(de)(de)地(di)表滲(shen)(shen)漏量(liang)。通過在(zai)河(he)床中埋設(she)測壓管(guan)來測定二(er)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)基的(de)(de)滲(shen)(shen)漏量(liang)。大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)右岸山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)體布設(she)7孔,大(da)、二(er)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)之(zhi)間山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)體布設(she)2孔,二(er)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)左岸山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)體布設(she)9孔。對大(da)、二(er)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)兩岸山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)體繞壩(ba)(ba)(ba)滲(shen)(shen)流量(liang)進行監測,以此判斷(duan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)體的(de)(de)穩定性,為壩(ba)(ba)(ba)體安全運行提供依據。
⑸大壩面板應(ying)力(li)應(ying)變(bian)監測
在(zai)面(mian)(mian)板(ban)上(shang)選擇(ze)有(you)代表性的(de)(de)部(bu)位(wei)布(bu)置應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)計(ji)、鋼筋計(ji)和無應(ying)(ying)(ying)力計(ji);在(zai)靠近周邊縫的(de)(de)部(bu)位(wei)布(bu)置三向應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)計(ji)組,用于(yu)觀測(ce)面(mian)(mian)板(ban)的(de)(de)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)應(ying)(ying)(ying)力狀態(tai)。
自動化狀況
蓮花水電站(zhan)大壩安全監(jian)測(ce)系統自動(dong)(dong)化分兩部(bu)(bu)分:一是內部(bu)(bu)監(jian)測(ce)自動(dong)(dong)化,包括除位(wei)移監(jian)測(ce)之外(wai)(wai)的(de)所有監(jian)測(ce)項目(mu)(mu);二(er)是外(wai)(wai)部(bu)(bu)監(jian)測(ce)自動(dong)(dong)化,指大、二(er)壩表(biao)面變形監(jian)測(ce)自動(dong)(dong)化系統。內部(bu)(bu)自動(dong)(dong)化系統由(you)東北(bei)勘測(ce)設計(ji)研究院設計(ji)并施工,目(mu)(mu)前此項目(mu)(mu)還未(wei)完(wan)工,僅能進(jin)行數據自動(dong)(dong)化采集。外(wai)(wai)部(bu)(bu)自動(dong)(dong)化系統采用(yong)徠卡測(ce)量機器(qi)人進(jin)行自動(dong)(dong)化監(jian)測(ce),該項目(mu)(mu)正在建設中,預計(ji)將于(yu)今年6月(yue)投入使用(yong)。
1、內部監(jian)測(ce)自動(dong)化
大壩(ba)面(mian)板板間縫、周邊縫變形(xing)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce);面(mian)板應力應變監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce);大、二壩(ba)滲流(liu)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)均在自動化監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)系統(tong)(tong)中。在原(yuan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)處(chu)(chu)布置測(ce)(ce)(ce)量控制單元(MCU),通過通訊電(dian)纜引至副廠房工作室,接收上位機(ji)指(zhi)令(ling),選擇測(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian),采(cai)(cai)集(ji)傳(chuan)感器(qi)信號(hao)。按設(she)計(ji)將(jiang)形(xing)成一個具備數據分析處(chu)(chu)理(li)和遠程(cheng)監(jian)(jian)控的自動化系統(tong)(tong),目前(qian)剛開發到數據采(cai)(cai)集(ji)階段。數據采(cai)(cai)集(ji)系統(tong)(tong)初步運(yun)行已近兩年,其間被雷(lei)電(dian)擊壞兩次,說明采(cai)(cai)集(ji)設(she)備防雷(lei)措施需加強。另外,由于壩(ba)址地處(chu)(chu)高寒地區,冬季(ji)低(di)溫對(dui)系統(tong)(tong)正常運(yun)行也(ye)有(you)一定影響。
2、外部監測自動化
利(li)用壩(ba)(ba)(ba)下游L4和L6兩基(ji)(ji)點(dian)(dian)做自(zi)(zi)動(dong)化(hua)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)測(ce)(ce)站(zhan),分別(bie)放置一臺徠(lai)卡(ka)TCA2003全站(zhan)儀(yi)(被廠家稱(cheng)為(wei)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)機器人(ren)),在(zai)大(da)、二壩(ba)(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)后原測(ce)(ce)點(dian)(dian)固(gu)定棱鏡,采用邊長(chang)或邊角交會法觀(guan)(guan)測(ce)(ce),從(cong)而求得(de)測(ce)(ce)點(dian)(dian)坐(zuo)標。觀(guan)(guan)測(ce)(ce)過程中利(li)用大(da)、二壩(ba)(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)頭基(ji)(ji)點(dian)(dian)L8、L9和L10作(zuo)為(wei)參考點(dian)(dian),進行溫度和氣壓(ya)改正。除(chu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)前(qian)15個測(ce)(ce)點(dian)(dian)外,其(qi)余56個測(ce)(ce)點(dian)(dian)均與(yu)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)化(hua)測(ce)(ce)站(zhan)通視,這(zhe)足以反映出壩(ba)(ba)(ba)體(ti)的(de)整(zheng)體(ti)位移。另外,也可采用人(ren)工觀(guan)(guan)測(ce)(ce)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)前(qian)測(ce)(ce)點(dian)(dian)與(yu)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)化(hua)觀(guan)(guan)測(ce)(ce)其(qi)余測(ce)(ce)點(dian)(dian)相結合的(de)半自(zi)(zi)動(dong)化(hua)方案(an)。TCA2003機載(zai)軟件(jian)可完成水平(ping)角、垂(chui)直角和斜距的(de)野(ye)外觀(guan)(guan)測(ce)(ce)記錄(lu)工作(zuo),觀(guan)(guan)測(ce)(ce)中能自(zi)(zi)動(dong)檢(jian)查各種限差。TCA2003可與(yu)計算(suan)機相聯,實現采集控(kong)制(zhi)和數據傳輸、整(zheng)理自(zi)(zi)動(dong)化(hua);遠(yuan)期目標在(zai)牡(mu)丹江進行遠(yuan)程控(kong)制(zhi)。