芒果视频下载

西(xi)南(nan)(nan)官(guan)話(hua)，因主(zhu)要流行(xing)于(yu)(yu)長江上游地區，亦(yi)稱上江官(guan)話(hua)，屬于(yu)(yu)現(xian)代漢語官(guan)話(hua)方言。西(xi)南(nan)(nan)官(guan)話(hua)下分6片、22小片，分布(bu)于(yu)(yu)四川、重(zhong)慶、貴州(zhou)、云南(nan)(nan)、湖北、廣(guang)西(xi)、湖南(nan)(nan)、陜西(xi)、江西(xi)、甘(gan)肅、廣(guang)東(dong)、海南(nan)(nan)、福(fu)建共15省市(shi)自(zi)治(zhi)區、600多縣市(shi)區以及東(dong)南(nan)(nan)亞的少部分地區。

主要分布于四川、重(zhong)慶、貴(gui)州(zhou)、云南、湖(hu)北、廣西、湖(hu)南七省和直轄市。

《中國語(yu)言地(di)圖(tu)集》里給出的(de)西南官話的(de)定義是(shi)：西南地(di)區以(yi)及附(fu)近的(de)，入聲(sheng)整體歸派(pai)到某一聲(sheng)調或者四(si)聲(sheng)調值與成都、武(wu)漢、重慶、常德、貴(gui)陽、昆明、桂林(lin)相近的(de)漢語(yu)方言。

西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)是從明朝開始，因移民西(xi)南(nan)地區(qu)而逐漸(jian)形成的官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)言，其(qi)語(yu)音(yin)系統在官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)也是最簡單的，除了濁音(yin)清化等(deng)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)的共同特(te)點外，西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)多(duo)數不分平(ping)、翹舌音(yin)，是一(yi)種帶有(you)過渡(du)性質的南(nan)方(fang)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)。

西(xi)南(nan)(nan)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)人數多達2.7億，是(shi)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)言中(zhong)使(shi)用(yong)范圍最廣、使(shi)用(yong)人口最多的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)言，一(yi)般史(shi)者研究(jiu)認為西(xi)南(nan)(nan)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)是(shi)江淮(huai)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)延伸，二者有(you)淵(yuan)源關系(xi)，并同(tong)屬南(nan)(nan)方(fang)系(xi)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，因(yin)為西(xi)南(nan)(nan)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)形成(cheng)根據歷史(shi)研究(jiu)表明(ming)，是(shi)從明(ming)代開始，因(yin)移民西(xi)南(nan)(nan)而逐漸形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)言，移民是(shi)西(xi)南(nan)(nan)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)主要因(yin)素。

西(xi)南官話的形成與元朝之(zhi)后進入中國西(xi)南地區的移(yi)民(min)具有很大關聯，成渝片四(si)川話與湖廣片武(wu)漢話音(yin)系產生分化的年代都(dou)至少可(ke)以上溯至明朝，因而西(xi)南官話的形成年代應當更(geng)早。

同(tong)(tong)時有(you)學(xue)者認為其可能與(yu)另一種南方(fang)(fang)官話(hua)(hua)（江淮官話(hua)(hua)）同(tong)(tong)源。西南官話(hua)(hua)在詞(ci)匯、音韻等方(fang)(fang)面與(yu)北(bei)方(fang)(fang)官話(hua)(hua)相比都(dou)具(ju)有(you)顯著(zhu)差異(yi)。部分方(fang)(fang)言：福善巖上土話(hua)(hua)。

發展歷史

西南官(guan)話(hua)是(shi)從明代開(kai)始，因移(yi)民西南而逐漸形成的官(guan)話(hua)方言，移(yi)民是(shi)西南官(guan)話(hua)形成的主(zhu)要因素(su)。一般認為西南官(guan)話(hua)是(shi)江(jiang)淮官(guan)話(hua)的延伸，二者有淵源關系，并(bing)同屬南方系官(guan)話(hua)，但學(xue)界對此說法(fa)持謹慎觀點。

漢(han)(han)族移(yi)民西南，四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)屬(shu)較(jiao)早(zao)的地(di)區之(zhi)(zhi)一。四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)古為(wei)巴(ba)蜀(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)地(di)，土地(di)肥(fei)沃(wo)，地(di)理偏安，漢(han)(han)族最早(zao)在秦(qin)統一巴(ba)蜀(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)（約公元前301年）就已遷(qian)(qian)入(ru)此地(di)。從秦(qin)至宋歷代，均有漢(han)(han)人因躲避戰亂、天(tian)災而遷(qian)(qian)入(ru)四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)。如唐(tang)末黃巢起義。漢(han)(han)族遷(qian)(qian)入(ru)四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)的線路主要是越過秦(qin)嶺(ling)移(yi)進，故(gu)移(yi)民的主體為(wei)中原(yuan)漢(han)(han)人（以甘陜為(wei)主），當時的西南方(fang)言以北方(fang)官話為(wei)主。

明清是漢族大(da)規模移民(min)(min)西南(nan)的重要時期，西南(nan)官話在這段時期中，通過(guo)方言間(jian)的不斷影響(xiang)、融合而逐步形成。元(yuan)末明初(chu)，湖(hu)廣(guang)一(yi)帶是元(yuan)朝軍(jun)隊與(yu)紅巾軍(jun)、朱元(yuan)璋廝殺拉(la)鋸的主(zhu)戰(zhan)場之一(yi)，戰(zhan)亂使得當地人(ren)口急劇減少，造成人(ren)口從(cong)西北到東南(nan)呈由稀變(bian)密的狀態。因故，明洪(hong)武間(jian)，出現了“江西填湖(hu)廣(guang)”和第(di)一(yi)次(ci)“湖(hu)廣(guang)填四川(chuan)”的移民(min)(min)大(da)潮，同時在滇(dian)黔、桂北一(yi)帶廣(guang)設衛所，遷入大(da)量移民(min)(min)。

明代大移(yi)民(min)，徹底改變了原來(lai)西南(nan)(nan)地區以(yi)少數民(min)族(zu)為(wei)主體的結構，遲至(zhi)明末，漢族(zu)已在西南(nan)(nan)地區的民(min)族(zu)結構中(zhong)占據(ju)絕對優勢。明代移(yi)民(min)西南(nan)(nan)的主要方式(shi)是由衛所軍(jun)士及其(qi)家眷組成的軍(jun)事移(yi)民(min)，其(qi)來(lai)源主要為(wei)江(jiang)南(nan)(nan)、湖(hu)廣(guang)、江(jiang)西等地。

明代西南地(di)區的韻書記錄，證明西南官(guan)話在當時已經(jing)成型(xing)。漢族(zu)早期(qi)移(yi)民西南，因(yin)來源多樣(yang)，呈(cheng)現出“五方雜處(chu)，言語各異”的局面。

為了解決“正(zheng)音(yin)”問題(ti)，當(dang)地出現了一些用官(guan)話“正(zheng)音(yin)”的韻書，如蘭茂《韻略易通》、葛中選(xuan)《泰律篇(pian)》等。

明(ming)代(dai)西(xi)南地(di)區出(chu)現的(de)韻書和辭書，大體屬于官(guan)話系(xi)統，其音(yin)(yin)系(xi)均體現出(chu)一(yi)定的(de)地(di)域(yu)(yu)方音(yin)(yin)特點(dian)。而這些(xie)地(di)域(yu)(yu)方音(yin)(yin)特點(dian)的(de)系(xi)統出(chu)現，標志著西(xi)南官(guan)話基(ji)本(ben)形成。明(ming)正統年間的(de)《韻略易(yi)通(tong)》反映了通(tong)行于西(xi)南的(de)讀書音(yin)(yin)已與(yu)官(guan)話有明(ming)顯的(de)差異，以及當時西(xi)南地(di)域(yu)(yu)性通(tong)語(yu)方音(yin)(yin)的(de)基(ji)本(ben)存(cun)在概況。

根據《讀書通·五(wu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)譜(pu)》記錄說明，當時川滇(dian)鄂等地(di)的(de)(de)方言中入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)亦然失去塞音(yin)韻尾。足以印證今西南官話中“入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調合為一類，入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)韻不帶塞音(yin)韻尾，去聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調不分(fen)陰陽”的(de)(de)區(qu)域性語音(yin)特點，在明末已經(jing)形成(cheng)。

清代西南(nan)的移民(min)(min)，除(chu)“湖廣填四川(chuan)”的外(wai)部人口遷入，內部主要體現為區域擴(kuo)散(san)式移民(min)(min)。明末清初，起義不停(ting)，天災(zai)頻頻，戰亂不斷，造(zao)成四川(chuan)人口銳減。清順(shun)治、康熙年間又開始大量向(xiang)四川(chuan)移民(min)(min)，清代四川(chuan)移民(min)(min)的來(lai)源同明代一樣，以湖廣為主，占移民(min)(min)總數一半以上。

清代改土歸流完成后，漢人(ren)開(kai)始進(jin)入(ru)(ru)以前(qian)由少數民(min)族控(kong)制的區域。乾隆中(zhong)期以后，四川人(ren)口開(kai)始向周(zhou)邊地(di)區遷移。一部分(fen)已遷入(ru)(ru)省內的邊遠山區。

清(qing)代的(de)(de)(de)移民由(you)明(ming)代沿交通(tong)要道的(de)(de)(de)點、線(xian)狀分布，發展(zhan)為大量向邊遠山區(qu)和少民聚(ju)居區(qu)流動的(de)(de)(de)片、面(mian)分布。西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)隨(sui)著內部擴(kuo)散(san)式移民而不斷整合(he)擴(kuo)張，形(xing)成了內聚(ju)力較(jiao)強的(de)(de)(de)區(qu)域(yu)性語言集團，往后一(yi)直以其簡潔的(de)(de)(de)音系優勢，隨(sui)人(ren)口的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)移而不斷向外(wai)擴(kuo)張。

從清朝到(dao)20世紀上半葉，入聲(sheng)歸讀陽平的特(te)點在西(xi)南官話較多的方言區內得以呈現。清末，根據(ju)傳教士對成(cheng)都和漢口兩地的語音記錄資料顯(xian)示(shi)，當時(shi)的西(xi)南官話仍存有(you)入聲(sheng)調。

20世(shi)紀三四十年代，楊時逢、趙元任(ren)等組織調(diao)查(cha)了川、黔、湘、鄂的(de)漢語方(fang)言，并撰(zhuan)寫出《四川方(fang)言調(diao)查(cha)報(bao)告(gao)(gao)》《云方(fang)言調(diao)查(cha)報(bao)告(gao)(gao)》《湖南方(fang)言調(diao)查(cha)報(bao)告(gao)(gao)》和《湖北方(fang)言調(diao)查(cha)報(bao)告(gao)(gao)》。報(bao)告(gao)(gao)顯(xian)示(shi)，不(bu)僅(jin)武漢、成(cheng)都的(de)入聲調(diao)已(yi)歸陽平，連同昆明、貴陽、桂林等，西南官話近五分(fen)之四的(de)方(fang)言點的(de)入聲均已(yi)歸讀(du)陽平調(diao)。

入聲讀(du)陽(yang)平在西南官話中的演(yan)變(bian)，是非常晚近（20世紀及(ji)其以后(hou)）且為短(duan)時期內的共時語音(yin)演(yan)變(bian)現象(xiang)，有些方言點仍(reng)處于這一演(yan)變(bian)進程中。

特點介紹

西(xi)南官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)最大(da)片區的(de)使(shi)用人口約為1億(yi)。其語音系統在官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)也是最簡單的(de)，除了(le)濁音清化(hua)、從(cong)g k h / z c s中(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)化(hua)出 j q x、-m韻尾派(pai)入-n或-ng、無尖團對(dui)立(li)等官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)共(gong)同特點(dian)外，西(xi)南官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)有(you)不(bu)分(fen)平、翹舌(she)音（有(you)的(de)地區僅將中(zhong)(zhong)古漢語發音為zi-、ci-、si-的(de)入聲(sheng)字讀作翹舌(she)；也有(you)極少數地區如(ru)北(bei)京話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)般嚴格區分(fen)平翹舌(she)音），還有(you)不(bu)分(fen)fu和(he)hu（甚至(zhi)f與hu顛(dian)倒），部(bu)分(fen)不(bu)分(fen)n和(he)l（大(da)多有(you)n、l對(dui)立(li)），同時不(bu)分(fen)ing和(he)in、eng和(he)en（b、p、m、f后的(de)eng讀ong）。

多(duo)數入(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)字(zi)派入(ru)(ru)陽平，分類簡單(dan)，不(bu)似北京(jing)官(guan)話的(de)入(ru)(ru)派三聲(sheng)復(fu)雜(za)而混(hun)亂，但是有的(de)片(pian)保留入(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)（但多(duo)為特殊調值，并無塞音韻尾）或(huo)者派入(ru)(ru)其他調類。西南官(guan)話和(he)湘語(yu)、客家(jia)話、粵語(yu)、贛語(yu)有不(bu)少相似之處（比如(ru)保留了大部分ng聲(sheng)母(mu)，川東話有很(hen)多(duo)粵方言獨有的(de)讀字(zi)法(fa)，如(ru)“解”、“六”等數百字(zi)），是一(yi)種帶有過渡性質的(de)南方官(guan)話。

聲調

西南官話古入(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)未發生分化(hua)，整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)保留(liu)或整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)混入(ru)(ru)(ru)它調(diao)（主要(yao)混入(ru)(ru)(ru)陽(yang)平(ping)）。例如四川話中，入(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)混入(ru)(ru)(ru)陽(yang)平(ping)；岷江小(xiao)片中整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)保留(liu)了入(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)，部分地區甚至還保留(liu)塞音韻尾(wei)；仁富小(xiao)片入(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)派入(ru)(ru)(ru)去(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)；雅棉小(xiao)片入(ru)(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)派入(ru)(ru)(ru)陰(yin)平(ping)。

在(zai)湖廣片中(zhong)，不乏(fa)去聲(sheng)分陰(yin)(yin)陽(yang)(yang)的(de)次方言，同(tong)時(shi)也有少部分入(ru)聲(sheng)分陰(yin)(yin)陽(yang)(yang)者。例(li)如湖南北(bei)部的(de)津市，其方言中(zhong)古(gu)全(quan)濁入(ru)歸陽(yang)(yang)入(ru)，其余歸陰(yin)(yin)入(ru)。

西南官話(hua)聲(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)值(zhi)大致可分(fen)為10個(ge)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)，各類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)之間差異顯(xian)著。其(qi)中分(fen)布最廣的一種類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)（陰平是(shi)(shi)最高調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)，陽平是(shi)(shi)最低調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)，上聲(sheng)是(shi)(shi)次高降調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)，去聲(sheng)是(shi)(shi)低降升調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)），即(ji)四川(chuan)話(hua)聲(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)，主要(yao)流行于四川(chuan)/重慶一帶以及(ji)毗鄰的貴州北部。這種聲(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)內部一致性很高，是(shi)(shi)西南官話(hua)最具代表(biao)性的聲(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)。

川黔型

成(cheng)渝亞型 55 21 42 213 陽平 四川盆地大(da)部、貴州北(bei)部

瀘(lu)州(zhou)亞型(xing) 55 21 42 13 33 四川(chuan)盆地東(dong)南部

瀘定(ding)亞型(xing) 55 21 53 24 陰平 川(chuan)西西部雅安一帶

自貢亞型 55 21 42 213 去聲 川中(zhong)沱江下(xia)游一帶

貴(gui)陽亞型 45 21 43 24 陽平 貴(gui)州中部和西(xi)部

漢(han)中亞型(xing) 55 21 24 212 濁入(ru)(ru)陽平(ping);清(qing)入(ru)(ru)/次(ci)濁入(ru)(ru)歸陰平(ping)或陽平(ping) 陜西西南(nan)部，甘(gan)肅隴(long)南(nan)局地(di)

云南型

昆明(ming)亞型 44 31 53 212 陽平 云南(nan)中部(bu)

個舊亞型 55 42 33 12 陽平 云南(nan)南(nan)部(bu)

保(bao)山亞型 32 44 53 25 陽平(ping) 云南西部

湖廣型

武漢(han)亞型 55 213 42 35 陽(yang)平 湖北中(zhong)西(xi)部

石首亞(ya)型 45 13 41 陰(yin)214/陽33 陰(yin)25/陽入歸陽去(qu) 湖(hu)北(bei)南(nan)部

漢壽亞型 55 213 42 陰(yin)35/陽(yang)33 55 湖南(nan)西北(bei)部

澧州亞型 55 13 21 陰213/陽(yang)33 陰35/陽(yang)入歸陽(yang)去 湖南北部（常德）

桃(tao)源亞型(xing) 44 23 21 陰213/陽33 55 湖南北部（常德）

黎平亞(ya)型 33 13 31 53 陽平(黎平有入(ru)聲調) 湘黔界

襄陽-北(bei)官型 35 52 55 21 陽平(ping)（少數清(qing)入歸陰平(ping)） 湖(hu)北(bei)北(bei)部

桂柳型

桂林亞(ya)型 33 21 55 35 陽平 廣西北(bei)部

永州亞型(xing) 33 23 55 陽(yang)(yang)23/陰214 陽(yang)(yang)平 永州

欽(qin)州亞型 35 21 44 13 陰13/陽5 欽(qin)州城(cheng)區

邕州官話 35 31 54 13 大部分歸(gui)陽平；陰5/陽2 南寧(ning)局地

軍話與未分片

八所亞(ya)型(xing) 33 31 51 55 11 東方市(shi)(shi)和(he)昌江市(shi)(shi)郊區

贛州亞型 33 31 53 13 5 贛州城關

信豐亞型 33 53 31 13 陽(yang)平 信豐城關(guan)

考量入聲

凡普通話(hua)讀陰平(ping)、上、去(qu)，而在西南官話(hua)入派陽平(ping)的字大多是古入聲字（例外字：玉(yu)）。

凡不送氣的陽平字(zi)(zi)是(shi)古代(dai)入聲(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)。多數鼻音(yin)韻(yun)尾(wei)（陽聲(sheng)(sheng)韻(yun)）字(zi)(zi)都不是(shi)古代(dai)入聲(sheng)(sheng)字(zi)(zi)。

凡(fan)?r音節(jie)的(de)字(zi)不是古代入聲字(zi)。凡(fan)uai、uei韻母的(de)字(zi)不是古入聲字(zi)（例(li)外字(zi)：蟀(shuai)）。

除靴瘸以外的y?韻母字是古代(dai)入聲字。

凡普(pu)通話(hua)有(you)元音(yin)韻(yun)尾而(er)西南官話(hua)沒有(you)的字(zi)是古代入聲字(zi)。

除了西(xi)蜀片的(de)樂山話(hua)(hua)的(de)瘸和德江話(hua)(hua)的(de)祛白(bai)讀韻母(mu)(mu)為io，凡(fan)方言中的(de)io韻母(mu)(mu)字都是古代(dai)入聲字。

韻母

①以川黔片-重慶話(hua)為例

開(kai)尾(wei) 元音尾(wei) 鼻音尾(wei)

開(kai)口(kou)呼(hu) ?　日 ? a o　我 e　黑 ai　街 ei　批 au　包(bao) ?u　走(zou) an　煩 ?n　櫻 a?　幫 o?　畝

二大

齊齒呼(hu) i　一(yi) ia　牙 ie　葉(xie) iai　介 iau　標 i?u　九(jiu) ian　變(bian) in　兵 ia?　量(liang)

合口(kou)呼 u　五 ua　瓜(gua) ue　國 uai　乖(guai) uei　類 uan　段(duan) u?n　春 ua?　光

撮口呼 y　魚(yu) yo　藥 ye　絕(jue) yu　俗(su) yan　鮮 yn　泳 yo?　蓉

②以湖(hu)廣片(pian)-武漢(han)話為(wei)例(li)

開(kai)口(kou)(kou)呼(hu) 齊齒呼(hu) 合(he)口(kou)(kou)呼(hu) 撮(cuo)口(kou)(kou)呼(hu) 備注

? 子此(ci)十支是 i 一比力七氣(qi) u 五不附戶古 y 女(nv)于(yu)入主出 ?二日k??去(白讀)

ɑ 八大乍下撒 iɑ 牙甲恰家(jia)瞎(xia) uɑ 話(hua)瓦(wa)瓜化刷 ?ya 靴(xue)(白(bai)讀)

o 窩末多左合 io 約若(ruo)虐學削

? 北得(de)克蛇革 ie 也(ye)別劣邪絕(jue) u? 說國虢或(huo)獲 ye 月決掘(jue)缺穴 “茄”“薛”“劣”開合不定

ai 艾拜乃在介 uai 外怪(guai)快拐(guai)衰(shuai)

ei 貝杯(bei)最(zui)披內(nei) uei 瑰未吹(chui)銳回 “最(zui)”“脆”“歲”開合不定

ɑu 奧包刀少(shao)早(zao) iɑu 巧妖(yao)了小苗

ou 歐口杜(du)六竹 iou 又牛九(jiu)囚秀

an 南安凡(fan)旦短 ien 言片天(tian)千偏 uan 丸船官款歡 yen 鉛沿倦(juan)玄軟 “全(quan)”“癬(xian)”“縣”開合不(bu)定(ding)

?n 恩硬崩吞存 in 印(yin)民丁(ding)巾(jin)心 u?n 文坤昏橫混(hun) y?n 春允永(yong)均唇(chun) “傾”“尋”“旬”開(kai)合不定(ding)

ɑ? 湯方上巷郎(lang) iɑ? 仰兩江香羊(yang) uɑ? 王旺窗光狂

o? 翁中(zhong)孟木工 io? 榮茸窮兄雄 開合(he)不定者多表現為“武合(he)漢開”

③以桂柳片(pian)-桂林話為例

韻母共35個。

韻母表

ī /?/ 絲 i /i/ 衣 u /u/ 烏 ü /y/ 迂

a /a/ 啊 ia /ia/ 呀 ua /ua/ 蛙

o /o/ 哦 io /io/ 喲

e /?/ 呃(e) ie /ie/ 椰 üe /ye/ 月

??ê /e/ 兒

ai/?/哀 uai /u?/ 歪

ei/?i/欸 ui /u?i/ 威(wei)

ao/ɑ/熬 iao /iɑ/ 腰

ou/?u/歐 iu /i?u/ 憂 üu /yu/ 肉

an/?/安(an) ian /i?/ 煙 uan /u?/ 彎(wan) üan /y?/ 冤

en/?n/恩 in /in/ 因 un /un/ 溫 ün /yn/ 暈

ang/ɑ?/昂(ang) iang /iɑ?/ 央 uang /uɑ?/ 汪(wang)

ong/o?/翁 iong /io?/ 雍

說明：

1、ai、ao兩韻母（含(han)各呼）的韻尾極其微弱(ruo)，有(you)脫落趨勢。2.ê屬舊(jiu)讀，下有(you)兒、而、爾(er)、耳(er)、二等字。

典型的西(xi)南官話(hua)具有陰(yin)(yin)平(ping)(ping)(ping)、陽平(ping)(ping)(ping)、上聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、去(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、入聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)四聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)五調(diao)(diao)甚至有六調(diao)(diao)的區域，古(gu)入聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)舒(shu)化成(cheng)渝片等(deng)片派入陽平(ping)(ping)(ping)，岷江仁富小片派入去(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng).根據1939年的民國調(diao)(diao)查西(xi)南官話(hua)有單獨的入聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao).則也認定為(wei)西(xi)南官話(hua)。西(xi)南官話(hua)四聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)典型的調(diao)(diao)值如下（以四川(chuan)話(hua)為(wei)例(li)）：陰(yin)(yin)平(ping)(ping)(ping)55、陽平(ping)(ping)(ping)212、上聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)53、去(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)214、入聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)21.舒(shu)化后出現陰(yin)(yin)平(ping)(ping)(ping)55、陽平(ping)(ping)(ping)211、上聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)53、去(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)213、入聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)211.或陰(yin)(yin)平(ping)(ping)(ping)55、陽平(ping)(ping)(ping)212、上聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)53、去(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)213、入聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)211.

從建國(guo)后逐漸出現入聲被歸陽平學術專家占據(ju)言(yan)(yan)(yan)論上風。李榮發表在(zai)《方(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)》1985年第(di)1期的《官話方(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)的分(fen)區(qu)》里說(shuo)得很明白(bai)，也很直接(jie)。他說(shuo)：“討論方(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)分(fen)區(qu)，根(gen)據(ju)五十年代方(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)普(pu)查(cha)的結(jie)果，和以(yi)(yi)前的研(yan)究，新近的調(diao)查(cha)。方(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)普(pu)查(cha)分(fen)省區(qu)安(an)排(pai)工作。調(diao)查(cha)以(yi)(yi)市、縣或相當于縣的行政(zheng)區(qu)為(wei)單位，每一(yi)單位為(wei)一(yi)個調(diao)查(cha)點(dian)(dian)（以(yi)(yi)市、縣人民委員會所在(zai)地的方(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)為(wei)調(diao)查(cha)對象）。市、縣人民委員會在(zai)一(yi)地以(yi)(yi)一(yi)個調(diao)查(cha)點(dian)(dian)論。要(yao)是調(diao)查(cha)點(dian)(dian)加密，分(fen)區(qu)的準確(que)性就可以(yi)(yi)提高。”

延伸

西南(nan)(nan)官(guan)話中最大的一片(pian)（成渝小片(pian)）的使用(yong)人口約1億。西南(nan)(nan)官(guan)話的語音系統比(bi)較，西南(nan)(nan)官(guan)話以成渝小片(pian)（西南(nan)(nan)官(guan)話中使用(yong)地域人口最廣）為代表(biao)舉列：

1.無后鼻音 ing，eng，普通話(hua)eng結尾的字分別并了到en和ong中.存在的后鼻音：ong ung ang iong iang uang uong。

2. 聲母保(bao)留 ng-，區別n- l-（部分地區無n）。

3.大(da)部分(fen)(fen)地區(qu)聲母無翹舌，只(zhi)有 z c s 保留 [z] [c] [s] 的濁(zhuo)(zhuo)聲（有人說是(shi)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)擦聲）比如：側[z]e有些標記(ji)成 tse. 西南(nan)官話的r音(yin)大(da)部分(fen)(fen)讀(du)的也是(shi)[z]（湖北部分(fen)(fen)區(qu)域(yu)是(shi)[?]或零聲母）但是(shi)r在結尾的時候讀(du)的是(shi)l（舌頂口(kou)腔頂部不卷舌）。

4.-m-n尾(wei)并未完全在(zai)西南官(guan)話中合并.部分字(zi)依然感(gan)覺的到-m結尾(wei)。比如：痕(hen)hen感(gan)gam

西南官話有自(zi)己的(de)(de)一些語法結(jie)構，大多在明朝的(de)(de)白話書(shu)籍(ji)中能找到出處。比如："飯吃了著"這個結(jie)構是明朝白話中常見的(de)(de)但不見于(yu)現(xian)代白話中了其中"著"字讀do而福州話中還(huan)有見的(de)(de)到同(tong)樣的(de)(de)結(jie)構他們用(yong)"著無"讀 do mo.

西(xi)南官話(hua)部分字(zi)的讀音非(fei)常古老.有上古的遺(yi)音.比如"蹲"西(xi)南官話(hua)用"居(ju)"讀gu或ku，這個(ge)就是居(ju)字(zi)的古音。

分布

西(xi)(xi)南(nan)官話(hua)是使用人(ren)口(kou)最(zui)多、分布區域面(mian)積最(zui)廣的漢(han)語(yu)分支之(zhi)一(yi)。據(ju)統計使用西(xi)(xi)南(nan)官話(hua)的人(ren)口(kou)超過(guo)2.7億，占中國(guo)全國(guo)人(ren)口(kou)的五分之(zhi)一(yi)，整(zheng)個官話(hua)區人(ren)口(kou)的三分之(zhi)一(yi)，相(xiang)當于湘語(yu)、贛語(yu)、粵語(yu)、閩語(yu)人(ren)口(kou)的總(zong)和(he)。西(xi)(xi)南(nan)官話(hua)中最(zui)大的分區川黔片和(he)西(xi)(xi)蜀片的使用人(ren)口(kou)都超過(guo)1.5億。

西(xi)南(nan)官話在(zai)(zai)中國境內主(zhu)要分布于西(xi)南(nan)部(bu)(bu)的四川(chuan)、云(yun)南(nan)、貴州(zhou)、重(zhong)慶的絕大(da)多數(shu)漢語地區，以及(ji)臨近(jin)的湖(hu)北省大(da)部(bu)(bu)、湖(hu)南(nan)省西(xi)部(bu)(bu)、廣西(xi)北部(bu)(bu)、陜(shan)西(xi)省南(nan)部(bu)(bu)、河南(nan)信陽也(ye)有一些鄉鎮存在(zai)(zai)西(xi)南(nan)官話，另在(zai)(zai)江西(xi)、福建、廣東、海南(nan)、安徽存在(zai)(zai)方言島(dao)。鄰近(jin)云(yun)南(nan)的緬甸(dian)果敢、佤邦(bang)、泰(tai)北也(ye)有人使用西(xi)南(nan)官話。

《中國語言地圖集》87版中將西南(nan)官(guan)話分(fen)為成渝、灌赤、黔北(bei)、昆貴、滇西、鄂(e)北(bei)、武天(tian)、岑(cen)江、黔東南(nan)、黔南(nan)、湘南(nan)、桂柳、常鶴等(deng)十二片。其中音(yin)韻現(xian)象復(fu)雜(za)的灌赤片又(you)分(fen)為岷(min)江、仁富、雅棉、麗川四小(xiao)片；滇西片又(you)分(fen)為姚理、保潞兩個小(xiao)片、昆貴片。

根據《中國語言地圖(tu)集》90版，西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)官話(hua)可以分(fen)(fen)為(wei)川黔(qian)(qian)、湖廣、川西(xi)(xi)、云(yun)南(nan)(nan)(nan)、桂(gui)(gui)(gui)柳(liu)6片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)。其中，川黔(qian)(qian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)成渝、陜南(nan)(nan)(nan)、黔(qian)(qian)中3小(xiao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)；西(xi)(xi)蜀片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)岷赤、雅甘、江貢3小(xiao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)；川西(xi)(xi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)康藏、涼山2小(xiao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)。云(yun)南(nan)(nan)(nan)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)滇(dian)中、滇(dian)西(xi)(xi)、滇(dian)南(nan)(nan)(nan)3小(xiao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)；桂(gui)(gui)(gui)柳(liu)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)湘南(nan)(nan)(nan)、黔(qian)(qian)南(nan)(nan)(nan)、桂(gui)(gui)(gui)北(bei)、桂(gui)(gui)(gui)南(nan)(nan)(nan)4小(xiao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)；湖廣片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)鄂(e)北(bei)、鄂(e)中、湘西(xi)(xi)、湘北(bei)、懷玉、黔(qian)(qian)東、黎(li)靖(jing)7小(xiao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)。也就是新版西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)官話(hua)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)6片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)22小(xiao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)數(shu)減少(shao)，小(xiao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)增加。

分區

西南(nan)官(guan)話分布在四川(chuan)、重慶(qing)、貴(gui)州、云南(nan)、廣(guang)西、湖(hu)北、湖(hu)南(nan)、陜西、江西等9個省市，下(xia)分6個片22個小片，544個縣市區，使(shi)(shi)用人口約2.7億(yi)人，是官(guan)話方(fang)言(yan)里(li)使(shi)(shi)用范(fan)圍最(zui)廣(guang)，使(shi)(shi)用人口最(zui)多的方(fang)言(yan)。

片 小片

川黔片 成(cheng)渝小片 黔中小片 陜(shan)南(nan)小片

西(xi)蜀片 岷(min)赤小片 雅甘小片 江貢小片

川(chuan)西片 康藏(zang)小片 涼(liang)山(shan)小片 --

云(yun)南片(pian) 滇中小(xiao)(xiao)片(pian) 滇西小(xiao)(xiao)片(pian) 滇南小(xiao)(xiao)片(pian)

湖(hu)廣片(pian) 鄂北小(xiao)片(pian) 鄂西小(xiao)片(pian) 鄂中小(xiao)片(pian)

湘北小片 湘西(xi)小片 懷玉小片

黔東小片 黎靖(jing)小片 ---

桂柳片(pian) 湘南小片(pian) 桂北小片(pian) 黔南小片(pian)

川黔片

共141個縣市區，使用人口(kou)約10000萬人。分為(wei)三個小片。

1.成渝小片

主要(yao)分布(bu)在四川(chuan)盆地(di)內部，包括四川(chuan)省中部東(dong)部、重慶(qing)市(shi)絕大部分、貴州黔(qian)西北地(di)區(qu)、云南滇東(dong)地(di)區(qu)，共105個縣(xian)市(shi)區(qu)。

四川(chuan)省：安岳縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、巴(ba)中(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)(shi)、北川(chuan)羌族自(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、蒼溪縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、成都市(shi)(shi)、達(da)州市(shi)(shi)、大(da)英縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、大(da)竹(zhu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、德陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)(shi)、廣(guang)(guang)安市(shi)(shi)、廣(guang)(guang)漢市(shi)(shi)、廣(guang)(guang)元市(shi)(shi)、華鎣市(shi)(shi)、簡陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)(shi)、劍閣縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)油市(shi)(shi)、金堂縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、開江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、閬(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)(shi)、樂(le)至(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鄰水(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、羅江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、綿陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)(shi)、綿竹(zhu)市(shi)(shi)、南部縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、南充市(shi)(shi)、南江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、蓬安縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、蓬溪縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、平(ping)(ping)昌縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、平(ping)(ping)武縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、青川(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、渠(qu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、三臺縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、射(she)洪(hong)市(shi)(shi)、遂寧市(shi)(shi)、通江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、萬源市(shi)(shi)、旺(wang)蒼縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、溫江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)區、武勝縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、西充縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、宣(xuan)漢縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鹽亭縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、儀(yi)隴(long)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、營山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、岳池縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、中(zhong)(zhong)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、資(zi)陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)(shi)、資(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、梓潼縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。

重慶市：巴南(nan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、北(bei)碚區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、璧山區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、長壽區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、城口縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、大(da)渡口區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、大(da)足區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、墊(dian)江(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、豐(feng)都縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、奉(feng)節縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、涪陵(ling)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、合川區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、江(jiang)北(bei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、九龍(long)坡區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、開(kai)州區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、梁(liang)平(ping)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、南(nan)岸區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、南(nan)川區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、彭水苗族(zu)(zu)土(tu)(tu)家族(zu)(zu)自治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、黔江(jiang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、榮昌區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、沙坪壩區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、石柱土(tu)(tu)家族(zu)(zu)自治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、銅(tong)梁(liang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、潼南(nan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、萬州區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、巫山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、巫溪縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、武隆區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、秀山土(tu)(tu)家族(zu)(zu)苗族(zu)(zu)自治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、永川區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、酉陽土(tu)(tu)家族(zu)(zu)苗族(zu)(zu)自治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、渝(yu)北(bei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、渝(yu)中區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、云陽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、忠縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。

貴州省：畢節市、大(da)方縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、道真仡佬族(zu)(zu)苗(miao)族(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、赫章縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、黃平縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、江(jiang)口(kou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、金沙縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、開陽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、六盤水(shui)市、 納(na)雍縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、黔西市、石阡縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、水(shui)城(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、松桃苗(miao)族(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、銅(tong)仁市、萬山區、息烽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、修文縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、織金縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、紫云苗(miao)族(zu)(zu)布依族(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。

云南(nan)省：大關縣、威信(xin)縣、彝良縣、永善縣、鎮雄縣。

2.黔中小片

分布于(yu)貴陽以西的黔(qian)(qian)中、黔(qian)(qian)西北地(di)區，廣西還有3個方言點也可(ke)畫(hua)入黔(qian)(qian)中小片(pian)。共20個縣市區。

貴州省：安(an)龍縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、安(an)順(shun)市(shi)(shi)、冊亨縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、長(chang)順(shun)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、關(guan)嶺(ling)布(bu)依(yi)族苗(miao)族自(zi)(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、貴陽(yang)市(shi)(shi)、六(liu)枝特區、盤州市(shi)(shi)、平壩區、普(pu)安(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、普(pu)定縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、清(qing)鎮市(shi)(shi)、晴(qing)隆縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、望謨縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、興(xing)仁市(shi)(shi)、興(xing)義市(shi)(shi)、貞豐縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鎮寧布(bu)依(yi)族苗(miao)族自(zi)(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。

廣西(xi)壯族(zu)自治(zhi)區：樂(le)業縣(xian)、隆林各族(zu)自治(zhi)縣(xian)、凌(ling)云縣(xian)。

3.陜南小片

包括16個縣區。

陜西省：漢臺區、南鄭(zheng)區、佛(fo)坪縣(xian)(xian)、嵐皋(gao)縣(xian)(xian)、留(liu)壩(ba)縣(xian)(xian)、略陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)、勉縣(xian)(xian)、寧強縣(xian)(xian)、城固縣(xian)(xian)、漢陰縣(xian)(xian)、寧陜縣(xian)(xian)、石泉縣(xian)(xian)、鎮巴縣(xian)(xian)、鎮坪縣(xian)(xian)、紫陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)、西鄉縣(xian)(xian)。

西蜀片

共82個縣市區，使用人口約4000萬人，分為3個小片。

1.岷赤小片

主要(yao)分布在岷江中下(xia)游地區和赤水河流域(yu)，還包(bao)括云南(nan)省的(de)3個方言(yan)點(dian)和重(zhong)慶市的(de)兩個方言(yan)點(dian)，總(zong)數為(wei)62個縣(xian)市。

四川省(sheng)：長寧縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、崇州(zhou)市、大邑縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、都江堰(yan)市、峨(e)邊彝族自治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、峨(e)眉(mei)山市、高縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、珙縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、古藺(lin)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、合江縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、黑水縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、洪雅縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、犍為(wei)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、江安縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、筠連縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、樂山市、瀘縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、瀘州(zhou)市、馬(ma)邊彝族自治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、茂縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、眉(mei)山市、沐(mu)川縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、南溪區(qu)、彭山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、彭州(zhou)市、郫都區(qu)、屏山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、蒲江縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、青神縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、邛崍市、什邡市、雙流區(qu)、松潘縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、汶(wen)川縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、新津區(qu)、興文縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、敘永縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、宜賓(bin)市、敘州(zhou)區(qu)、滎經縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。

重慶(qing)市：江(jiang)(jiang)津(jin)區、綦江(jiang)(jiang)區

貴州(zhou)省(sheng)：赤水市(shi)、德江縣(xian)(xian)、鳳岡縣(xian)(xian)、湄(mei)潭縣(xian)(xian)、仁懷(huai)市(shi)、思南縣(xian)(xian)、綏陽縣(xian)(xian)、桐梓縣(xian)(xian)、甕安縣(xian)(xian)、務川(chuan)仡佬族(zu)(zu)苗族(zu)(zu)自(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)、習水縣(xian)(xian)、沿河(he)土家族(zu)(zu)自(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)、印江土家族(zu)(zu)苗族(zu)(zu)自(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)、余慶(qing)縣(xian)(xian)、正安縣(xian)(xian)、遵義(yi)市(shi)、播州(zhou)區。

云南(nan)省：水富市、綏江縣、鹽津縣。

2.雅甘小片

包括12個縣市。

四川省：寶興縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、丹棱縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、甘洛縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、漢源縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、夾江縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、蘆(lu)山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、瀘定縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、名山區、石棉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、天全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、雅安(an)市(shi)、冕寧縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。

3.江貢小片

包括8個縣市。

四川省：富順縣(xian)、井研縣(xian)、隆(long)昌市(shi)(shi)、內江市(shi)(shi)、仁壽(shou)縣(xian)、榮縣(xian)、威遠縣(xian)、自貢市(shi)(shi)。

川西片

共43個(ge)(ge)市縣，使用人口約600萬人。本片(pian)分(fen)布于四川(chuan)西(xi)部的(de)涼山(shan)、甘孜(zi)、阿壩等(deng)3個(ge)(ge)少數(shu)民族(zu)自治州，還包括攀枝花市的(de)一區(qu)兩縣。分(fen)為兩個(ge)(ge)小片(pian)。

1.康藏小片

本(ben)小(xiao)片(pian)的兩(liang)南官話主要(yao)受藏(zang)語或(huo)羌語影響，分布于四(si)川(chuan)的甘孜和阿壩兩(liang)州(zhou)及(ji)涼山州(zhou)的木里(li)藏(zang)族自治縣，包括26個縣。

四川省：阿壩縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、巴塘縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、白(bai)玉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、丹巴縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、道(dao)孚(fu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、稻城縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、得榮(rong)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、德格縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、甘孜縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、紅原縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、金川縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、九龍縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、康定市、理塘縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、理縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、爐霍(huo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、馬爾康市、木里(li)藏族自治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、壤塘縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、若爾蓋(gai)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、色達縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、石渠縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、鄉城縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、小金縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、新龍縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、雅江縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。

2.涼山小片

本小(xiao)片(pian)西南官話受(shou)彝語(yu)影響(xiang)，分(fen)布于(yu)涼山(shan)州和攀(pan)枝花市，包括17個縣市。

四川省：布(bu)拖縣(xian)(xian)、德(de)昌(chang)縣(xian)(xian)、會(hui)(hui)東縣(xian)(xian)、會(hui)(hui)理市(shi)、金陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)、雷波縣(xian)(xian)、美姑(gu)縣(xian)(xian)、米易縣(xian)(xian)、寧(ning)南(nan)縣(xian)(xian)、攀枝(zhi)花市(shi)、普格縣(xian)(xian)、西昌(chang)市(shi)、喜德(de)縣(xian)(xian)、鹽邊縣(xian)(xian)、鹽源縣(xian)(xian)、越西縣(xian)(xian)、昭(zhao)覺縣(xian)(xian)。

云南片

共118個縣市，使用人口約4000萬人。分為3個小片(pian)。

1.滇中小片

共61個縣市。

云南省：安(an)寧(ning)(ning)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、呈貢區、澄江(jiang)(jiang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、楚雄市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、大理(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、大姚(yao)(yao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、峨山彝(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、富民縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、富源縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、華(hua)(hua)寧(ning)(ning)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、華(hua)(hua)坪縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、會澤縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、江(jiang)(jiang)城哈(ha)(ha)尼(ni)(ni)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)彝(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、江(jiang)(jiang)川區、晉(jin)寧(ning)(ning)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、景洪市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、昆明(ming)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、瀘西縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、魯甸縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、陸良(liang)(liang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、祿豐(feng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、祿勸彝(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)苗(miao)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、羅平(ping)(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、馬(ma)龍縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、勐海縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、勐臘縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、彌渡(du)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、彌勒縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、墨江(jiang)(jiang)哈(ha)(ha)尼(ni)(ni)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、牟定(ding)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、南華(hua)(hua)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、南澗彝(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、寧(ning)(ning)蒗彝(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、寧(ning)(ning)洱哈(ha)(ha)尼(ni)(ni)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)彝(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、巧家縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、曲靖(jing)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、師宗縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、石林彝(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、雙(shuang)柏縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、普洱市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、嵩明(ming)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、通(tong)海縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、巍山彝(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)回族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、武(wu)定(ding)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、祥云縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、新(xin)平(ping)(ping)彝(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)傣(dai)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、宣威市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、尋甸回族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)彝(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、漾(yang)濞彝(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、姚(yao)(yao)安(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、宜良(liang)(liang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、易門縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、永平(ping)(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、永仁縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、永勝縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、玉溪市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、元江(jiang)(jiang)哈(ha)(ha)尼(ni)(ni)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)彝(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)傣(dai)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、元謀縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、沾益縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、昭通(tong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。

貴州省(sheng)：威寧(ning)彝族回族苗族自治縣。

2.滇西小片

總計37個縣市。

云(yun)南省(sheng)：保山(shan)市、賓(bin)川(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、滄源(yuan)佤族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、昌寧縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、德欽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、洱源(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鳳慶(qing)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、福貢縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、耿馬傣(dai)(dai)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)佤族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、貢山(shan)獨龍(long)(long)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)怒族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鶴慶(qing)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、劍川(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、景(jing)(jing)東(dong)彝(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、景(jing)(jing)谷傣(dai)(dai)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)彝(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、蘭坪白族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)普(pu)米族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、瀾滄拉(la)祜(hu)(hu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、玉龍(long)(long)納西(xi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、梁(liang)河縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、臨滄市、龍(long)(long)陵(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、隴川(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、瀘水市、芒(mang)市、孟連傣(dai)(dai)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)拉(la)祜(hu)(hu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)佤族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、瑞麗市、施甸縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、雙(shuang)江(jiang)拉(la)祜(hu)(hu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)佤族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)布朗族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)傣(dai)(dai)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、騰沖市、維西(xi)傈僳族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、西(xi)盟佤族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、香(xiang)格(ge)里(li)拉(la)市、盈江(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、永(yong)德縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、云(yun)龍(long)(long)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、云(yun)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鎮(zhen)(zhen)康縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鎮(zhen)(zhen)沅彝(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)哈尼族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)拉(la)祜(hu)(hu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。

3.滇南小片

總計20個縣市。

云南(nan)省：富寧縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、個舊(jiu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、廣南(nan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、河口瑤族自治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、紅(hong)河縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、建水縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、金平(ping)苗族瑤族傣(dai)族自治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、開遠市(shi)(shi)(shi)、綠春(chun)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、麻(ma)栗坡(po)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、馬(ma)關縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、蒙自市(shi)(shi)(shi)、屏邊苗族自治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、丘北縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、石屏縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、文山(shan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、西疇縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、硯山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、元(yuan)陽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)；

廣西壯族(zu)自(zi)治區：西林縣。

湖廣片

共85個(ge)(ge)縣(xian)市，使用人口約5250萬(wan)人。可分(fen)成8個(ge)(ge)小片(pian)。

1.鄂北小片

共10個縣市。

湖(hu)北省：十堰市(shi)(shi)、襄陽市(shi)(shi)、丹江口市(shi)(shi)、房縣、谷城(cheng)縣、老河口市(shi)(shi)、南漳縣、隨州市(shi)(shi)、隨縣、棗陽市(shi)(shi)。

2.鄂西小片

共5個縣市。

湖北省：鄖(yun)西(xi)縣(xian)、竹山縣(xian)、竹溪縣(xian)；陜西(xi)省：白河縣(xian)、平利(li)縣(xian)。

3.鄂中小片

共33個縣市。

湖北省：巴東縣(xian)(xian)、保康縣(xian)(xian)、長陽土(tu)家族(zu)自治縣(xian)(xian)、當陽市(shi)(shi)、恩施市(shi)(shi)、建(jian)始縣(xian)(xian)、江(jiang)陵縣(xian)(xian)、荊門(men)市(shi)(shi)、荊州市(shi)(shi)、來(lai)鳳縣(xian)(xian)、利川市(shi)(shi)、潛(qian)江(jiang)市(shi)(shi)、沙洋(yang)縣(xian)(xian)、松滋市(shi)(shi)、五峰(feng)土(tu)家族(zu)自治縣(xian)(xian)、咸豐(feng)縣(xian)(xian)、興山縣(xian)(xian)、宣恩縣(xian)(xian)、宜(yi)昌市(shi)(shi)、宜(yi)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)、宜(yi)都市(shi)(shi)、遠安縣(xian)(xian)、枝江(jiang)市(shi)(shi)、鐘祥市(shi)(shi)、秭歸縣(xian)(xian)、漢川市(shi)(shi)、京山縣(xian)(xian)、天門(men)市(shi)(shi)、武漢市(shi)(shi)、仙桃市(shi)(shi)；

湖南省：龍山縣、桑植縣、張家界市。

4.湘北小片

共12個縣市。

湖南省：常德(de)市(shi)(shi)、慈(ci)利縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、漢壽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、津(jin)市(shi)(shi)市(shi)(shi)、澧(li)(li)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、臨(lin)澧(li)(li)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、石門(men)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、桃源縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)；

湖北(bei)省：鶴峰縣(xian)、石首市(shi)、公安縣(xian)、洪湖市(shi)。

5.湘西小片

共8個縣市。

湖南省：保靖縣、鳳凰縣、古丈縣、花垣縣、吉(ji)首市、麻陽苗(miao)族自治縣、永順縣、沅陵縣；

另(ling)：邵(shao)陽市(shi)區、邵(shao)東縣、新邵(shao)縣、邵(shao)陽縣和新寧縣話雖(sui)屬湘語，但(dan)接(jie)近西南官(guan)話。

6.懷玉小片

共6個縣市。

湖南(nan)省(sheng)：懷化(hua)市、新晃侗(dong)族自治(zhi)縣(xian)、芷江侗(dong)族自治(zhi)縣(xian)、中(zhong)方縣(xian)、洪(hong)江市；

貴州省：玉(yu)屏侗族(zu)自治縣。

7.黔東小片

共10個縣。

貴州(zhou)省(sheng)：岑(cen)鞏縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、從江縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、劍河縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、錦屏縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、榕江縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、施秉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、三穗縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、臺江縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、天(tian)柱縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、鎮(zhen)遠縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。

8.黎靖小片共(gong)3個縣。

湖南省：靖州苗族(zu)侗(dong)族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣、通道侗(dong)族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣；貴州省：黎平縣。

桂柳片

共75個縣(xian)市，1鎮，使用人口約3007萬人。可以(yi)分(fen)為3個小片。

1.湘南小片

共14個縣市，1鎮(zhen)。

湖南省：郴州市、道縣(xian)、東安縣(xian)、桂(gui)陽縣(xian)、嘉禾縣(xian)、江華瑤族自(zi)治縣(xian)、江永(yong)縣(xian)、藍山(shan)縣(xian)、臨武縣(xian)、寧遠(yuan)縣(xian)、雙(shuang)牌縣(xian)、新田縣(xian)、宜(yi)章縣(xian)、永(yong)州市；

廣東省:韶關(guan)市(shi)樂昌市(shi)坪石(shi)鎮。

2.桂北小(xiao)片共46個縣。

廣西壯族(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治區：全州(zhou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、巴(ba)馬瑤(yao)(yao)族(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、百色市(shi)、賓(bin)陽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、大化瑤(yao)(yao)族(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、德保(bao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、東(dong)蘭縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、都安瑤(yao)(yao)族(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鳳山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、富川瑤(yao)(yao)族(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、恭城瑤(yao)(yao)族(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、桂(gui)(gui)林(lin)市(shi)、合(he)山(shan)市(shi)、河池市(shi)、賀州(zhou)市(shi)、環江毛(mao)南(nan)族(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、靖西市(shi)、來(lai)賓(bin)市(shi)、荔浦縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、臨桂(gui)(gui)區、靈川縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、柳(liu)城縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、柳(liu)江縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、柳(liu)州(zhou)市(shi)、龍勝各(ge)族(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鹿寨(zhai)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、羅城仫佬(lao)族(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、馬山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、那(nei)坡縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、南(nan)丹(dan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、平果市(shi)、平樂縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、融(rong)安縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、融(rong)水苗(miao)族(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、三江侗(dong)族(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、上林(lin)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、田(tian)(tian)東(dong)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、田(tian)(tian)林(lin)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、田(tian)(tian)陽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、武宣縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、象州(zhou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、忻城縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、陽朔縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、宜州(zhou)區、永福縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、昭平縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鐘山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。

3.黔南小片

共15個縣市。

貴州省(sheng)：丹寨縣、都勻市(shi)、獨山縣、福(fu)泉市(shi)、貴定縣、惠水(shui)縣、凱里市(shi)、雷山縣、荔波縣、龍里縣、羅(luo)甸縣、麻江縣、平(ping)塘(tang)縣、三都水(shui)族自治縣；

廣西壯族自治區(qu)：天(tian)峨縣。

界線

西(xi)南官話(hua)與中原官話(hua)的分界(jie)線是(shi)：淮河上游-桐柏山-南陽/駐馬(ma)店(dian)市界(jie)-牛頭店(dian)-鎮(zhen)坪(ping)北(bei)(bei)(bei)-重慶陜(shan)(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)界(jie)-正陽西(xi)南-花里-嵐皋北(bei)(bei)(bei)-洞河-紫陽東-漢王(wang)-漢陰西(xi)-木王(wang)-鎮(zhen)安北(bei)(bei)(bei)-石甕-柞水東-營盤-廣貨街-佛坪(ping)西(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)-金(jin)水東-西(xi)鄉北(bei)(bei)(bei)-城固(gu)東-鳳縣(xian)(xian)南-勉縣(xian)(xian)北(bei)(bei)(bei)-略陽東北(bei)(bei)(bei)-陜(shan)(shan)西(xi)甘(gan)(gan)肅省(sheng)界(jie)-陽平關-甘(gan)(gan)肅文縣(xian)(xian)碧口(kou)鎮(zhen)以北(bei)(bei)(bei)-高川-五里壩-楊(yang)家(jia)河-大(da)通江與陜(shan)(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)界(jie)交叉處(chu)-陜(shan)(shan)西(xi)四(si)川省(sheng)界(jie)-四(si)川甘(gan)(gan)肅省(sheng)界(jie)。

《中國(guo)語言(yan)地圖(tu)集》把陜南(nan)的西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)全部(bu)歸入西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)。但(dan)陜南(nan)東、西(xi)(xi)(xi)兩片(pian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)存(cun)在明顯的差(cha)異。東部(bu)安康地區的西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)鄂北小片(pian)相(xiang)似(si)且(qie)有共(gong)(gong)同的歷(li)史(shi)(shi)來(lai)源(yuan)，西(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)漢中地區的西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)成都(dou)片(pian)相(xiang)似(si)且(qie)有共(gong)(gong)同的歷(li)史(shi)(shi)來(lai)源(yuan)。依照方言(yan)特點和(he)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)來(lai)源(yuan)，陜南(nan)東、西(xi)(xi)(xi)兩片(pian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)宜分別歸屬西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)武天片(pian)和(he)成渝(yu)片(pian)。

漢(han)(han)陰(yin)話(hua)(hua)：漢(han)(han)陰(yin)話(hua)(hua)屬于西南(nan)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)區，位于南(nan)北(bei)方(fang)言(yan)過渡帶，處(chu)于西南(nan)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)、中原官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)、江淮官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)三大官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)區交界處(chu)，具有(you)明顯的方(fang)言(yan)融合特征(zheng)，漢(han)(han)陰(yin)人的移民(min)主體為湖(hu)(hu)南(nan)人，其次是(shi)湖(hu)(hu)北(bei)人、河南(nan)人、廣東人等，因此在(zai)發音(yin)和詞匯(hui)方(fang)面，有(you)大量的湘語詞匯(hui)和部分粵語詞匯(hui)，相對于鄰縣石(shi)泉(quan)縣，漢(han)(han)陰(yin)縣受(shou)四川影響(xiang)較(jiao)(jiao)石(shi)泉(quan)縣小，反之受(shou)湖(hu)(hu)北(bei)湖(hu)(hu)南(nan)影響(xiang)較(jiao)(jiao)大，因此漢(han)(han)陰(yin)話(hua)(hua)屬于西南(nan)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)哪(na)個(ge)片的問題很有(you)爭議。

關于(yu)漢(han)(han)陰(yin)話(hua)，有(you)三四種說法，分(fen)兩派(pai)(pai)，一派(pai)(pai)認(ren)為漢(han)(han)陰(yin)話(hua)屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)中原官話(hua)秦隴(long)片(pian)，一派(pai)(pai)認(ren)為漢(han)(han)陰(yin)話(hua)屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)西(xi)南官話(hua)，但這一關于(yu)漢(han)(han)陰(yin)話(hua)屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)哪一片(pian)有(you)爭(zheng)議，主流認(ren)為漢(han)(han)陰(yin)話(hua)屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)西(xi)南官話(hua)成渝小片(pian)，但是由于(yu)漢(han)(han)陰(yin)話(hua)和(he)石泉話(hua)有(you)明顯區別（在方(fang)(fang)言詞匯(hui)和(he)調值上(shang)，詞匯(hui)上(shang)和(he)湖(hu)南湖(hu)北(bei)交(jiao)界的荊州常德方(fang)(fang)言類似），石泉話(hua)是典型的成渝小片(pian)，而(er)漢(han)(han)陰(yin)話(hua)受湖(hu)北(bei)湖(hu)南影響較大，所(suo)以有(you)人認(ren)為漢(han)(han)陰(yin)話(hua)屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)西(xi)南官話(hua)武天片(pian)或者常鶴片(pian)，直(zhi)到新(xin)版(ban)方(fang)(fang)言集出版(ban)尚未有(you)定論。

生存危機

雖然說西(xi)南官話(hua)被(bei)公認為(wei)全國(guo)方言較為(wei)強勢的地區，但事實上由于“推廣普(pu)通話(hua)”政策，西(xi)南官話(hua)的生存環境正受到普(pu)通話(hua)的強烈(lie)沖擊，有學者(zhe)認為(wei)長期以往(wang)，西(xi)南官話(hua)長遠(yuan)甚(shen)至有完全被(bei)普(pu)通話(hua)取代的可能。

一方(fang)面，以成(cheng)(cheng)都(dou)貴陽(yang)為首的(de)西(xi)南(nan)大(da)城市(shi)城區方(fang)言(yan)大(da)有被普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)話取(qu)代的(de)趨(qu)勢(shi)，由于(yu)推廣普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)話，大(da)城市(shi)10后小孩很多已經不(bu)會講本地(di)方(fang)言(yan)；加上(shang)很多80后和90后年輕家長對(dui)方(fang)言(yan)的(de)消極態度，從(cong)而導致成(cheng)(cheng)都(dou)貴陽(yang)等大(da)城市(shi)方(fang)言(yan)的(de)逐漸式微。除(chu)此以外，昆明(ming)市(shi)區的(de)方(fang)言(yan)狀(zhuang)況也不(bu)容樂(le)觀，但由于(yu)使用人(ren)數偏少，因此貴陽(yang)和昆明(ming)比成(cheng)(cheng)都(dou)和重慶市(shi)區方(fang)言(yan)狀(zhuang)況更糟糕，也大(da)有被普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)話取(qu)代的(de)趨(qu)勢(shi)。

另一方面，西(xi)南官話外圍地區(qu)的方言被普通話取代的趨勢也非常明顯(xian)。具體表現(xian)如下：

①陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)漢(han)(han)中主體(ti)方(fang)言(yan)原(yuan)先本(ben)來屬(shu)(shu)于西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)，但(dan)由于屬(shu)(shu)于陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)省，與西(xi)(xi)(xi)安(an)聯(lian)系更密切，再加上西(xi)(xi)(xi)安(an)普(pu)通(tong)話(hua)(hua)普(pu)及率(lv)比川渝地區高，被(bei)普(pu)通(tong)話(hua)(hua)和中原(yuan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)大量替換；如(ru)今(jin)在漢(han)(han)中，西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)逐步淪落為小眾方(fang)言(yan)，漢(han)(han)中年輕人里(li)面如(ru)今(jin)會(hui)講(jiang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)的大幅度減少，更多的都是講(jiang)中原(yuan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)和普(pu)通(tong)話(hua)(hua)。未來20年內，西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)很有可能(neng)會(hui)在漢(han)(han)中被(bei)完全邊(bian)緣化。

②廣(guang)西(xi)桂(gui)柳話(hua)也屬(shu)于(yu)西(xi)南(nan)(nan)官(guan)話(hua)，十年前都還是廣(guang)西(xi)最強勢的(de)方言(yan)，但由于(yu)受(shou)到(dao)首府南(nan)(nan)寧(ning)和強制推(tui)普的(de)影響，也逐漸步入南(nan)(nan)寧(ning)白話(hua)的(de)后塵，被普通話(hua)大量取代(dai)。

③湖北(bei)武(wu)漢(han)話(hua)也屬(shu)于西南官話(hua)，但由于政治地位的原(yuan)因，逐步(bu)被普通話(hua)代(dai)替；西南官話(hua)湖廣片的鄂(e)北(bei)小片也正(zheng)逐步(bu)被中原(yuan)官話(hua)同化(hua)甚至(zhi)取(qu)代(dai)

④湖北宜昌話(hua)也(ye)屬于(yu)西(xi)南(nan)官話(hua)，但由(you)于(yu)受(shou)到武漢的影響，被普(pu)通話(hua)取代的趨勢尤(you)其明(ming)顯(xian)。

⑤湘西懷化也說(shuo)西南官(guan)話，但(dan)隨著普通話的推廣逐步消亡。

部分方言

福善巖上土話。

自貢話(hua)、懷(huai)德話(hua)、富(fu)順話(hua)。