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西(xi)南(nan)(nan)官(guan)話，因主要流行于長江(jiang)(jiang)上(shang)游地區(qu)，亦(yi)稱上(shang)江(jiang)(jiang)官(guan)話，屬(shu)于現(xian)代漢語官(guan)話方言。西(xi)南(nan)(nan)官(guan)話下分6片、22小(xiao)片，分布于四川、重慶、貴州、云(yun)南(nan)(nan)、湖(hu)北、廣(guang)西(xi)、湖(hu)南(nan)(nan)、陜西(xi)、江(jiang)(jiang)西(xi)、甘(gan)肅(su)、廣(guang)東、海南(nan)(nan)、福建共15省市(shi)自(zi)治(zhi)區(qu)、600多(duo)縣(xian)市(shi)區(qu)以及東南(nan)(nan)亞(ya)的少部分地區(qu)。

主(zhu)要(yao)分布(bu)于(yu)四(si)川、重慶、貴州、云南、湖北、廣西、湖南七省和直轄市。

《中國(guo)語(yu)(yu)言地(di)圖集》里給(gei)出的西南(nan)(nan)官話的定(ding)義(yi)是：西南(nan)(nan)地(di)區以及附近的，入聲(sheng)整體歸派到某(mou)一聲(sheng)調或者四聲(sheng)調值與成都(dou)、武漢、重慶(qing)、常德(de)、貴(gui)陽、昆明、桂林相近的漢語(yu)(yu)方言。

西南官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)是(shi)從明朝開(kai)始，因移民西南地(di)區而逐漸(jian)形成的(de)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)方言，其語音系統在官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)中也是(shi)最簡單的(de)，除(chu)了(le)濁音清化等官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)的(de)共同(tong)特點外(wai)，西南官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)多數不分平(ping)、翹(qiao)舌音，是(shi)一(yi)種帶有(you)過渡性質(zhi)的(de)南方官(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)。

西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)人數多(duo)達2.7億，是(shi)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)方(fang)言(yan)中使用(yong)范圍最(zui)廣、使用(yong)人口(kou)最(zui)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)言(yan)，一般史者研(yan)究認為(wei)西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)是(shi)江淮官(guan)話(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)延伸，二者有淵源關系，并(bing)同(tong)屬南(nan)方(fang)系官(guan)話(hua)(hua)，因(yin)為(wei)西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形成(cheng)根據歷史研(yan)究表明，是(shi)從明代開始，因(yin)移民西(xi)南(nan)而逐漸形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)方(fang)言(yan)，移民是(shi)西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要因(yin)素。

西(xi)(xi)南官話的(de)形成(cheng)與(yu)元朝之后進(jin)入中(zhong)國西(xi)(xi)南地區的(de)移民具有(you)很大關聯(lian)，成(cheng)渝片(pian)四川(chuan)話與(yu)湖廣(guang)片(pian)武漢(han)話音系產生分化的(de)年代(dai)都至少可以上溯至明朝，因而西(xi)(xi)南官話的(de)形成(cheng)年代(dai)應當(dang)更早(zao)。

同(tong)時有學(xue)者認為其(qi)可能與(yu)另一種南方(fang)官話(hua)（江(jiang)淮官話(hua)）同(tong)源(yuan)。西南官話(hua)在(zai)詞匯、音韻等方(fang)面與(yu)北方(fang)官話(hua)相比都具(ju)有顯著差異。部分方(fang)言(yan)：福(fu)善巖上土話(hua)。

發展歷史

西南(nan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)是從(cong)明代開始，因移民(min)西南(nan)而逐漸形(xing)(xing)成的官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)方言，移民(min)是西南(nan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)形(xing)(xing)成的主要(yao)因素。一(yi)般(ban)認為西南(nan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)是江淮官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)的延伸，二者有淵源關系，并同屬(shu)南(nan)方系官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)，但學界對此說(shuo)法持謹慎觀點。

漢(han)(han)族(zu)移(yi)民西(xi)南(nan)，四川(chuan)屬較早(zao)的(de)(de)地(di)區之一。四川(chuan)古為(wei)巴蜀(shu)之地(di)，土(tu)地(di)肥沃，地(di)理偏安，漢(han)(han)族(zu)最早(zao)在(zai)秦(qin)統一巴蜀(shu)之后（約公元前301年）就已(yi)遷(qian)入(ru)此(ci)地(di)。從秦(qin)至宋歷代，均(jun)有漢(han)(han)人因躲避(bi)戰亂、天災(zai)而遷(qian)入(ru)四川(chuan)。如(ru)唐末黃巢起義。漢(han)(han)族(zu)遷(qian)入(ru)四川(chuan)的(de)(de)線路主(zhu)要是越過(guo)秦(qin)嶺(ling)移(yi)進，故移(yi)民的(de)(de)主(zhu)體(ti)為(wei)中(zhong)原漢(han)(han)人（以(yi)甘陜為(wei)主(zhu)），當時的(de)(de)西(xi)南(nan)方(fang)言以(yi)北(bei)方(fang)官(guan)話為(wei)主(zhu)。

明清是漢族大(da)規模移民(min)西南的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要時(shi)(shi)期(qi)，西南官話在這段時(shi)(shi)期(qi)中(zhong)，通過方言(yan)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)不斷影響、融合而(er)逐步(bu)形成(cheng)。元末明初，湖(hu)廣一(yi)帶(dai)(dai)是元朝(chao)軍隊與紅巾軍、朱元璋廝(si)殺拉鋸的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)戰場(chang)之一(yi)，戰亂使得當地人口急(ji)劇減少，造(zao)成(cheng)人口從西北(bei)到東南呈由稀變(bian)密的(de)(de)(de)(de)狀態。因故，明洪武間，出現了“江西填(tian)湖(hu)廣”和(he)第一(yi)次“湖(hu)廣填(tian)四(si)川”的(de)(de)(de)(de)移民(min)大(da)潮，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)在滇黔(qian)、桂北(bei)一(yi)帶(dai)(dai)廣設衛所，遷(qian)入大(da)量移民(min)。

明(ming)(ming)代大移(yi)民(min)，徹底改變了原來(lai)西南地區以少數民(min)族為(wei)主體的結構，遲至(zhi)明(ming)(ming)末，漢族已在西南地區的民(min)族結構中占據(ju)絕(jue)對優勢。明(ming)(ming)代移(yi)民(min)西南的主要(yao)方式是(shi)由衛(wei)所軍(jun)(jun)士及(ji)其家眷(juan)組成的軍(jun)(jun)事移(yi)民(min)，其來(lai)源主要(yao)為(wei)江南、湖廣、江西等地。

明代西(xi)南(nan)地區(qu)的韻書(shu)記(ji)錄，證明西(xi)南(nan)官話在當時已(yi)經成型。漢族早期移民(min)西(xi)南(nan)，因來源多樣(yang)，呈現出“五方雜(za)處，言(yan)語各異”的局(ju)面。

為(wei)了(le)(le)解決“正音”問題，當(dang)地出(chu)現了(le)(le)一些用官話“正音”的韻(yun)書，如蘭茂《韻(yun)略易通》、葛中選《泰律(lv)篇》等。

明代(dai)西(xi)南(nan)地區出(chu)現的韻(yun)書和辭書，大體屬于官(guan)話(hua)(hua)系(xi)統，其音(yin)(yin)系(xi)均體現出(chu)一(yi)定的地域方(fang)音(yin)(yin)特點。而(er)這些地域方(fang)音(yin)(yin)特點的系(xi)統出(chu)現，標志(zhi)著西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)基(ji)本形成。明正統年間的《韻(yun)略(lve)易通》反映了通行于西(xi)南(nan)的讀書音(yin)(yin)已與官(guan)話(hua)(hua)有明顯的差異(yi)，以及當時西(xi)南(nan)地域性(xing)通語方(fang)音(yin)(yin)的基(ji)本存(cun)在概況(kuang)。

根據(ju)《讀書通·五(wu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)譜》記錄說明，當時(shi)川滇鄂(e)等(deng)地的(de)方言中入聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)亦然失去塞(sai)音韻(yun)尾。足以(yi)印證今(jin)西南官話中“入聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調合為一類，入聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)韻(yun)不帶塞(sai)音韻(yun)尾，去聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調不分陰陽”的(de)區域(yu)性語音特點，在明末已經形成。

清代(dai)西南的(de)移(yi)民(min)，除“湖(hu)廣填四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)”的(de)外部人口遷入，內部主(zhu)要(yao)體現為區域擴(kuo)散式移(yi)民(min)。明(ming)末清初，起(qi)義不停(ting)，天(tian)災頻(pin)頻(pin)，戰亂不斷(duan)，造成(cheng)四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)人口銳(rui)減。清順治(zhi)、康熙年(nian)間又開始大(da)量向四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)移(yi)民(min)，清代(dai)四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)移(yi)民(min)的(de)來源同明(ming)代(dai)一(yi)樣，以(yi)湖(hu)廣為主(zhu)，占移(yi)民(min)總(zong)數(shu)一(yi)半以(yi)上。

清代改土歸流完(wan)成后，漢人(ren)開始進入以前由少數民(min)族控制的區(qu)域。乾隆中期以后，四(si)川人(ren)口(kou)開始向周(zhou)邊地區(qu)遷(qian)移。一(yi)部分已遷(qian)入省(sheng)內(nei)的邊遠(yuan)山區(qu)。

清代的(de)(de)移民由明代沿(yan)交通要道的(de)(de)點、線狀分布，發展為大量向邊遠山區(qu)和少民聚居(ju)區(qu)流動的(de)(de)片(pian)、面分布。西南(nan)官話隨著內部擴散式移民而不斷(duan)整合(he)擴張(zhang)，形成了內聚力較(jiao)強的(de)(de)區(qu)域性語言集團，往(wang)后一直以(yi)其簡潔的(de)(de)音系優勢，隨人(ren)口的(de)(de)外移而不斷(duan)向外擴張(zhang)。

從清(qing)朝到(dao)20世紀上半葉，入聲歸讀陽平的(de)特點在西(xi)南官話(hua)(hua)較多(duo)的(de)方(fang)言區內得(de)以呈(cheng)現(xian)。清(qing)末(mo)，根據傳教(jiao)士對成都和漢口兩地的(de)語音記(ji)錄(lu)資料顯(xian)示(shi)，當(dang)時的(de)西(xi)南官話(hua)(hua)仍存有入聲調。

20世紀三(san)四十(shi)年代(dai)，楊(yang)時逢、趙元任等(deng)組織調(diao)查了川、黔、湘、鄂的(de)漢語方(fang)言，并撰寫(xie)出《四川方(fang)言調(diao)查報(bao)告(gao)》《云方(fang)言調(diao)查報(bao)告(gao)》《湖(hu)南方(fang)言調(diao)查報(bao)告(gao)》和《湖(hu)北方(fang)言調(diao)查報(bao)告(gao)》。報(bao)告(gao)顯示，不僅武漢、成都的(de)入聲(sheng)調(diao)已歸(gui)陽(yang)平(ping)，連同昆(kun)明(ming)、貴陽(yang)、桂(gui)林等(deng)，西南官話近五分之四的(de)方(fang)言點的(de)入聲(sheng)均已歸(gui)讀(du)陽(yang)平(ping)調(diao)。

入聲讀陽平在西南官(guan)話中的(de)演變(bian)，是非常晚近（20世紀(ji)及其以(yi)后）且為短時期內(nei)的(de)共(gong)時語音(yin)演變(bian)現象(xiang)，有些方言(yan)點仍處于這(zhe)一(yi)演變(bian)進程中。

特點介紹

西(xi)南官話(hua)中最大片區的(de)(de)使用人口約為1億。其語(yu)音(yin)系統在官話(hua)中也(ye)是最簡單的(de)(de)，除了(le)濁(zhuo)音(yin)清化、從(cong)g k h / z c s中分(fen)化出 j q x、-m韻(yun)尾派(pai)入(ru)-n或-ng、無尖團對(dui)立等官話(hua)的(de)(de)共(gong)同特點外(wai)，西(xi)南官話(hua)有不(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)平、翹(qiao)(qiao)舌(she)音(yin)（有的(de)(de)地區僅將中古漢(han)語(yu)發(fa)音(yin)為zi-、ci-、si-的(de)(de)入(ru)聲字讀(du)作翹(qiao)(qiao)舌(she)；也(ye)有極少數地區如北京話(hua)般嚴格區分(fen)平翹(qiao)(qiao)舌(she)音(yin)），還有不(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)fu和hu（甚(shen)至f與hu顛倒(dao)），部分(fen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)n和l（大多有n、l對(dui)立），同時不(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)ing和in、eng和en（b、p、m、f后(hou)的(de)(de)eng讀(du)ong）。

多(duo)數(shu)入(ru)聲字派(pai)入(ru)陽平，分類簡單，不(bu)(bu)似北(bei)京官話(hua)的(de)入(ru)派(pai)三(san)聲復雜而混亂，但是(shi)有(you)的(de)片保(bao)留入(ru)聲（但多(duo)為特殊(shu)調值，并無塞音(yin)韻(yun)尾）或(huo)者派(pai)入(ru)其他調類。西南官話(hua)和湘語、客家(jia)話(hua)、粵語、贛(gan)語有(you)不(bu)(bu)少相似之(zhi)處（比如保(bao)留了大部分ng聲母，川(chuan)東話(hua)有(you)很多(duo)粵方言獨有(you)的(de)讀字法，如“解”、“六”等(deng)數(shu)百字），是(shi)一種帶有(you)過渡性質(zhi)的(de)南方官話(hua)。

聲調

西南官話古入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)未(wei)發生分化，整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)保留(liu)(liu)(liu)或整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)混入(ru)它(ta)調(diao)（主要混入(ru)陽(yang)平）。例如四川話中，入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)混入(ru)陽(yang)平；岷江小片(pian)中整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)保留(liu)(liu)(liu)了入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，部分地區(qu)甚至還(huan)保留(liu)(liu)(liu)塞音韻尾(wei)；仁富小片(pian)入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)派入(ru)去聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)；雅棉小片(pian)入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)派入(ru)陰平。

在湖廣片中(zhong)，不乏去(qu)聲分陰(yin)陽(yang)(yang)的(de)次(ci)方(fang)言(yan)，同時也有少部(bu)分入聲分陰(yin)陽(yang)(yang)者。例如湖南(nan)北部(bu)的(de)津市，其方(fang)言(yan)中(zhong)古全濁入歸陽(yang)(yang)入，其余歸陰(yin)入。

西南(nan)官(guan)話聲(sheng)調(diao)(diao)調(diao)(diao)值(zhi)大(da)致(zhi)可(ke)分為(wei)10個類(lei)型(xing)，各類(lei)型(xing)之間差異(yi)顯著。其(qi)中分布最(zui)(zui)廣的(de)一種類(lei)型(xing)（陰平是最(zui)(zui)高調(diao)(diao)，陽平是最(zui)(zui)低調(diao)(diao)，上(shang)聲(sheng)是次高降(jiang)調(diao)(diao)，去聲(sheng)是低降(jiang)升調(diao)(diao)），即四川(chuan)話聲(sheng)調(diao)(diao)類(lei)型(xing)，主要流行于四川(chuan)/重慶一帶以及毗(pi)鄰的(de)貴州(zhou)北部。這種聲(sheng)調(diao)(diao)類(lei)型(xing)內部一致(zhi)性(xing)很高，是西南(nan)官(guan)話最(zui)(zui)具代表(biao)性(xing)的(de)聲(sheng)調(diao)(diao)類(lei)型(xing)。

川黔型

成渝亞(ya)型 55 21 42 213 陽平 四川盆地大部(bu)、貴州(zhou)北部(bu)

瀘州(zhou)亞型 55 21 42 13 33 四川盆地東南部

瀘定亞型 55 21 53 24 陰平 川西西部雅(ya)安一帶(dai)

自貢亞型 55 21 42 213 去聲 川中沱江下游(you)一帶

貴陽亞型 45 21 43 24 陽平 貴州中部和西部

漢中(zhong)亞型 55 21 24 212 濁入(ru)(ru)陽(yang)平(ping);清入(ru)(ru)/次濁入(ru)(ru)歸陰平(ping)或陽(yang)平(ping) 陜西西南部，甘肅隴南局地

云南型

昆明亞型 44 31 53 212 陽平 云(yun)南中部

個舊亞型 55 42 33 12 陽平 云(yun)南南部(bu)

保山(shan)亞型 32 44 53 25 陽平 云南(nan)西部(bu)

湖廣型

武漢(han)亞型 55 213 42 35 陽平 湖北中(zhong)西部

石(shi)首亞(ya)型 45 13 41 陰214/陽(yang)33 陰25/陽(yang)入歸陽(yang)去(qu) 湖北(bei)南(nan)部

漢壽亞型(xing) 55 213 42 陰35/陽(yang)33 55 湖南西北部(bu)

澧州亞型 55 13 21 陰(yin)213/陽(yang)33 陰(yin)35/陽(yang)入歸陽(yang)去 湖南北部（常德(de)）

桃(tao)源亞型 44 23 21 陰213/陽33 55 湖南北部（常德）

黎(li)平(ping)亞(ya)型 33 13 31 53 陽平(ping)(黎(li)平(ping)有(you)入(ru)聲(sheng)調) 湘黔界

襄(xiang)陽-北(bei)官型 35 52 55 21 陽平（少數(shu)清入歸陰平） 湖北(bei)北(bei)部

桂柳型

桂(gui)林亞型 33 21 55 35 陽平(ping) 廣(guang)西北部(bu)

永州(zhou)亞型 33 23 55 陽(yang)23/陰214 陽(yang)平 永州(zhou)

欽(qin)(qin)州(zhou)亞型 35 21 44 13 陰(yin)13/陽(yang)5 欽(qin)(qin)州(zhou)城區

邕州官話 35 31 54 13 大部分歸陽平(ping)；陰5/陽2 南寧局地

軍話與未分片

八所亞型 33 31 51 55 11 東(dong)方(fang)市(shi)和(he)昌江市(shi)郊(jiao)區(qu)

贛(gan)州亞(ya)型(xing) 33 31 53 13 5 贛(gan)州城關

信(xin)豐亞型 33 53 31 13 陽平(ping) 信(xin)豐城關

考量入聲

凡普通話(hua)(hua)讀陰平、上(shang)、去(qu)，而在西南(nan)官話(hua)(hua)入派(pai)陽(yang)平的字(zi)大(da)多(duo)是古入聲(sheng)字(zi)（例外(wai)字(zi)：玉）。

凡(fan)不(bu)送氣的陽平字(zi)是古(gu)代入聲字(zi)。多數(shu)鼻音韻(yun)(yun)尾（陽聲韻(yun)(yun)）字(zi)都不(bu)是古(gu)代入聲字(zi)。

凡?r音節的(de)字(zi)(zi)不(bu)是古代入(ru)聲字(zi)(zi)。凡uai、uei韻母(mu)的(de)字(zi)(zi)不(bu)是古入(ru)聲字(zi)(zi)（例外(wai)字(zi)(zi)：蟀）。

除靴瘸以外(wai)的y?韻母(mu)字是古代入聲字。

凡(fan)普通話(hua)有元音韻(yun)尾而(er)西南官(guan)話(hua)沒有的(de)字是古代入聲字。

除了西蜀片的(de)(de)樂(le)山話的(de)(de)瘸和德江話的(de)(de)祛白讀韻母為io，凡方言中的(de)(de)io韻母字(zi)都是古(gu)代(dai)入聲字(zi)。

韻母

①以川(chuan)黔片(pian)-重慶話為例

開尾(wei)(wei) 元音尾(wei)(wei) 鼻(bi)音尾(wei)(wei)

開(kai)口呼 ?　日 ? a o　我(wo) e　黑(hei) ai　街 ei　批 au　包 ?u　走 an　煩 ?n　櫻 a?　幫 o?　畝

二大

齊齒呼 i　一 ia　牙 ie　葉 iai　介 iau　標 i?u　九 ian　變 in　兵 ia?　量

合(he)口呼 u　五 ua　瓜 ue　國 uai　乖(guai) uei　類 uan　段(duan) u?n　春 ua?　光

撮口呼 y　魚 yo　藥 ye　絕 yu　俗(su) yan　鮮(xian) yn　泳 yo?　蓉

②以湖廣片-武(wu)漢話為例(li)

開(kai)口呼 齊齒(chi)呼 合口呼 撮(cuo)口呼 備注

? 子(zi)此(ci)十支是 i 一比力七氣 u 五不(bu)附戶(hu)古 y 女于入(ru)主出 ?二日k??去(白讀)

ɑ 八(ba)大乍下(xia)撒(sa) iɑ 牙甲恰(qia)家瞎 uɑ 話瓦瓜化(hua)刷(shua) ?ya 靴(白讀(du))

o 窩末多左合 io 約若虐(nve)學削(xue)

? 北得克蛇革 ie 也別劣邪絕 u? 說國(guo)虢或(huo)獲 ye 月決掘缺穴 “茄”“薛”“劣”開(kai)合不定(ding)

ai 艾拜乃在介 uai 外怪快拐衰

ei 貝杯最披內 uei 瑰(gui)未吹銳回 “最”“脆(cui)”“歲(sui)”開合不定

ɑu 奧包刀少早 iɑu 巧妖了小苗

ou 歐口杜六竹 iou 又牛九囚秀

an 南安凡旦短 ien 言片天千(qian)偏 uan 丸船官(guan)款歡 yen 鉛沿倦(juan)玄(xuan)軟 “全(quan)”“癬”“縣”開合不定

?n 恩硬(ying)崩吞存(cun) in 印民丁巾心(xin) u?n 文坤昏橫混 y?n 春允永均唇 “傾”“尋”“旬”開合不定(ding)

ɑ? 湯方上(shang)巷郎 iɑ? 仰兩(liang)江香羊 uɑ? 王(wang)旺(wang)窗光狂

o? 翁中孟木工 io? 榮茸窮兄雄 開合(he)不定(ding)者多表(biao)現為“武合(he)漢開”

③以桂柳片-桂林話為例

韻母共35個。

韻母表

ī /?/ 絲 i /i/ 衣 u /u/ 烏(wu) ü /y/ 迂

a /a/ 啊 ia /ia/ 呀 ua /ua/ 蛙

o /o/ 哦 io /io/ 喲

e /?/ 呃 ie /ie/ 椰 üe /ye/ 月

??ê /e/ 兒

ai/?/哀 uai /u?/ 歪

ei/?i/欸 ui /u?i/ 威

ao/ɑ/熬 iao /iɑ/ 腰

ou/?u/歐 iu /i?u/ 憂 üu /yu/ 肉

an/?/安 ian /i?/ 煙(yan) uan /u?/ 彎 üan /y?/ 冤

en/?n/恩 in /in/ 因 un /un/ 溫 ün /yn/ 暈(yun)

ang/ɑ?/昂 iang /iɑ?/ 央 uang /uɑ?/ 汪

ong/o?/翁 iong /io?/ 雍

說明：

1、ai、ao兩韻母(mu)（含各呼）的韻尾(wei)極其微弱，有脫落(luo)趨勢。2.ê屬舊讀(du)，下有兒、而、爾、耳、二(er)等字。

典(dian)型的(de)(de)西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)具有陰(yin)(yin)(yin)平、陽平、上(shang)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、去(qu)(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)四聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)五(wu)調甚(shen)至有六(liu)調的(de)(de)區域，古入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)舒化成(cheng)渝片等片派(pai)入(ru)陽平，岷江仁富小片派(pai)入(ru)去(qu)(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng).根據1939年的(de)(de)民國(guo)調查西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)有單獨的(de)(de)入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調.則也認(ren)定為西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)四聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)典(dian)型的(de)(de)調值如下（以四川話(hua)為例(li)）：陰(yin)(yin)(yin)平55、陽平212、上(shang)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)53、去(qu)(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)214、入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)21.舒化后出(chu)現陰(yin)(yin)(yin)平55、陽平211、上(shang)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)53、去(qu)(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)213、入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)211.或(huo)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)平55、陽平212、上(shang)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)53、去(qu)(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)213、入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)211.

從建(jian)國后逐漸出現入(ru)聲被歸陽平(ping)學術(shu)專家占(zhan)據言(yan)(yan)論上風。李榮發表在(zai)《方(fang)言(yan)(yan)》1985年(nian)(nian)第(di)1期(qi)的(de)《官話方(fang)言(yan)(yan)的(de)分(fen)區》里說得(de)很明(ming)白，也(ye)很直接。他說：“討論方(fang)言(yan)(yan)分(fen)區，根據五(wu)十年(nian)(nian)代方(fang)言(yan)(yan)普查的(de)結果，和以前的(de)研究，新近的(de)調(diao)(diao)(diao)查。方(fang)言(yan)(yan)普查分(fen)省區安排工作(zuo)。調(diao)(diao)(diao)查以市、縣(xian)(xian)或相當于縣(xian)(xian)的(de)行政區為(wei)(wei)單(dan)位，每(mei)一單(dan)位為(wei)(wei)一個(ge)調(diao)(diao)(diao)查點(dian)(dian)(dian)（以市、縣(xian)(xian)人民(min)委(wei)員(yuan)會所在(zai)地的(de)方(fang)言(yan)(yan)為(wei)(wei)調(diao)(diao)(diao)查對象）。市、縣(xian)(xian)人民(min)委(wei)員(yuan)會在(zai)一地以一個(ge)調(diao)(diao)(diao)查點(dian)(dian)(dian)論。要(yao)是調(diao)(diao)(diao)查點(dian)(dian)(dian)加密，分(fen)區的(de)準確(que)性就(jiu)可以提高。”

延伸

西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)中最大的(de)一片(pian)（成(cheng)(cheng)渝小片(pian)）的(de)使用人口約(yue)1億(yi)。西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)的(de)語音系統比較，西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)以成(cheng)(cheng)渝小片(pian)（西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)中使用地域人口最廣）為代表舉列：

1.無后鼻音(yin) ing，eng，普通話eng結(jie)尾的(de)字分(fen)別并了到en和ong中.存在的(de)后鼻音(yin)：ong ung ang iong iang uang uong。

2. 聲母保留(liu) ng-，區別n- l-（部(bu)分地區無(wu)n）。

3.大(da)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)地(di)區聲母(mu)無翹舌，只有 z c s 保留 [z] [c] [s] 的(de)(de)濁(zhuo)聲（有人說是(shi)濁(zhuo)擦聲）比(bi)如(ru)：側[z]e有些(xie)標記成 tse. 西南官話的(de)(de)r音大(da)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)讀(du)的(de)(de)也是(shi)[z]（湖北部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)區域是(shi)[?]或零聲母(mu)）但是(shi)r在結尾(wei)的(de)(de)時候讀(du)的(de)(de)是(shi)l（舌頂口腔(qiang)頂部(bu)(bu)不卷舌）。

4.-m-n尾并未完全在西南官話中(zhong)合并.部(bu)分字依然感(gan)覺的(de)到-m結(jie)尾。比如：痕hen感(gan)gam

西(xi)南官話(hua)有自(zi)己的(de)一些語法(fa)結構，大多在(zai)明朝的(de)白(bai)話(hua)書籍中能找到出處。比如(ru)："飯吃了著"這(zhe)個結構是(shi)明朝白(bai)話(hua)中常見的(de)但(dan)不見于現代白(bai)話(hua)中了其(qi)中"著"字(zi)讀(du)do而福州(zhou)話(hua)中還有見的(de)到同(tong)樣的(de)結構他們用(yong)"著無"讀(du) do mo.

西南官話(hua)(hua)部分字的(de)讀音非常古老.有上古的(de)遺(yi)音.比(bi)如(ru)"蹲"西南官話(hua)(hua)用(yong)"居(ju)"讀gu或ku，這(zhe)個就是居(ju)字的(de)古音。

分布

西(xi)南官(guan)話(hua)是使用(yong)人口(kou)(kou)最(zui)(zui)多(duo)、分(fen)布區域(yu)面積最(zui)(zui)廣的(de)漢語(yu)分(fen)支(zhi)之(zhi)一(yi)。據(ju)統計使用(yong)西(xi)南官(guan)話(hua)的(de)人口(kou)(kou)超過2.7億，占中國全國人口(kou)(kou)的(de)五(wu)分(fen)之(zhi)一(yi)，整(zheng)個官(guan)話(hua)區人口(kou)(kou)的(de)三分(fen)之(zhi)一(yi)，相(xiang)當于(yu)湘語(yu)、贛語(yu)、粵語(yu)、閩語(yu)人口(kou)(kou)的(de)總和。西(xi)南官(guan)話(hua)中最(zui)(zui)大(da)的(de)分(fen)區川黔(qian)片和西(xi)蜀片的(de)使用(yong)人口(kou)(kou)都超過1.5億。

西(xi)南官(guan)話在(zai)中國境內主要分布于西(xi)南部(bu)的四(si)川、云南、貴(gui)州、重慶(qing)的絕大(da)多數漢(han)語地區，以及(ji)臨近的湖北(bei)省(sheng)大(da)部(bu)、湖南省(sheng)西(xi)部(bu)、廣(guang)西(xi)北(bei)部(bu)、陜西(xi)省(sheng)南部(bu)、河南信(xin)陽也有一些(xie)鄉鎮存在(zai)西(xi)南官(guan)話，另在(zai)江西(xi)、福建、廣(guang)東、海南、安徽存在(zai)方(fang)言島。鄰近云南的緬甸果敢、佤邦、泰北(bei)也有人(ren)使用(yong)西(xi)南官(guan)話。

《中國(guo)語言地(di)圖集》87版中將西(xi)南官(guan)話分為成渝、灌赤(chi)(chi)、黔(qian)(qian)北、昆貴、滇西(xi)、鄂北、武(wu)天、岑江、黔(qian)(qian)東南、黔(qian)(qian)南、湘南、桂柳、常鶴等十二片(pian)。其(qi)中音(yin)韻現象復雜的(de)灌赤(chi)(chi)片(pian)又分為岷(min)江、仁富(fu)、雅棉、麗川四(si)小片(pian)；滇西(xi)片(pian)又分為姚理、保潞兩(liang)個小片(pian)、昆貴片(pian)。

根據《中(zhong)(zhong)國語言地(di)圖集(ji)》90版(ban)，西南(nan)(nan)(nan)官話可以分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)川(chuan)(chuan)黔、湖廣、川(chuan)(chuan)西、云南(nan)(nan)(nan)、桂柳(liu)6片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)，川(chuan)(chuan)黔片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)成渝、陜南(nan)(nan)(nan)、黔中(zhong)(zhong)3小(xiao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)；西蜀片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)岷赤(chi)、雅甘、江貢3小(xiao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)；川(chuan)(chuan)西片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)康藏(zang)、涼山2小(xiao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)。云南(nan)(nan)(nan)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)滇(dian)中(zhong)(zhong)、滇(dian)西、滇(dian)南(nan)(nan)(nan)3小(xiao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)；桂柳(liu)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)湘南(nan)(nan)(nan)、黔南(nan)(nan)(nan)、桂北、桂南(nan)(nan)(nan)4小(xiao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)；湖廣片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)鄂北、鄂中(zhong)(zhong)、湘西、湘北、懷(huai)玉、黔東、黎靖7小(xiao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)。也就(jiu)是(shi)新版(ban)西南(nan)(nan)(nan)官話分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)6片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)22小(xiao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)數減(jian)少，小(xiao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)增加。

分區

西南(nan)官話分布在四川(chuan)、重慶、貴州、云南(nan)、廣(guang)西、湖北(bei)、湖南(nan)、陜西、江(jiang)西等9個(ge)省市，下分6個(ge)片(pian)22個(ge)小片(pian)，544個(ge)縣市區(qu)，使用人口約2.7億(yi)人，是(shi)官話方言里使用范圍(wei)最(zui)廣(guang)，使用人口最(zui)多的(de)方言。

片 小片

川(chuan)黔片(pian) 成渝小片(pian) 黔中小片(pian) 陜南(nan)小片(pian)

西蜀片(pian)(pian)(pian) 岷赤小(xiao)片(pian)(pian)(pian) 雅甘小(xiao)片(pian)(pian)(pian) 江貢(gong)小(xiao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)

川(chuan)西片(pian) 康藏小(xiao)片(pian) 涼山(shan)小(xiao)片(pian) --

云(yun)南(nan)片 滇中小(xiao)片 滇西小(xiao)片 滇南(nan)小(xiao)片

湖(hu)廣(guang)片(pian)(pian) 鄂北小片(pian)(pian) 鄂西小片(pian)(pian) 鄂中小片(pian)(pian)

湘(xiang)北小片 湘(xiang)西小片 懷玉小片

黔(qian)東小(xiao)片 黎(li)靖小(xiao)片 ---

桂柳片 湘南(nan)小片 桂北小片 黔南(nan)小片

川黔片

共141個縣(xian)市區，使用人(ren)口約(yue)10000萬人(ren)。分(fen)為三個小片。

1.成渝小片

主要分(fen)布在四川(chuan)盆地(di)內部，包括四川(chuan)省(sheng)中部東(dong)部、重慶(qing)市絕大部分(fen)、貴(gui)州黔西北地(di)區(qu)(qu)、云南滇東(dong)地(di)區(qu)(qu)，共105個縣市區(qu)(qu)。

四川(chuan)省：安岳(yue)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、巴中(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、北川(chuan)羌族自治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、蒼溪縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、成都市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、達(da)州市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、大英縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、大竹(zhu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、德陽(yang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、廣安市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、廣漢(han)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、廣元市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、華鎣市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、簡陽(yang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、劍(jian)閣縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、江(jiang)(jiang)油市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、金堂(tang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、開(kai)江(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、閬(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、樂至縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鄰水(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、羅江(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、綿陽(yang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、綿竹(zhu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、南部縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、南充市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、南江(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、蓬(peng)(peng)安縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、蓬(peng)(peng)溪縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、平(ping)昌縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、平(ping)武(wu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、青川(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、渠縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、三(san)臺縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、射洪市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、遂寧市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、通江(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、萬(wan)源(yuan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、旺(wang)蒼縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、溫江(jiang)(jiang)區、武(wu)勝縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、西充縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、宣漢(han)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鹽亭縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、儀隴縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、營山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、岳(yue)池縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、中(zhong)(zhong)江(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、資(zi)陽(yang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、資(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、梓潼(tong)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。

重(zhong)慶市：巴南區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、北(bei)(bei)碚區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、璧山區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、長(chang)壽區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、城(cheng)口縣(xian)、大渡(du)口區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、大足區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、墊江(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)、豐都縣(xian)、奉節縣(xian)、涪陵區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、合(he)川(chuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、江(jiang)(jiang)北(bei)(bei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、九龍坡區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、開(kai)州區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、梁(liang)平區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、南岸區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、南川(chuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、彭水苗族土(tu)家(jia)族自治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)、黔江(jiang)(jiang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、榮昌區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、沙坪壩區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、石柱土(tu)家(jia)族自治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)、銅梁(liang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、潼南區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、萬州區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、巫山縣(xian)、巫溪縣(xian)、武隆區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、秀山土(tu)家(jia)族苗族自治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)、永川(chuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、酉陽土(tu)家(jia)族苗族自治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)、渝北(bei)(bei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、渝中區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、云陽縣(xian)、忠縣(xian)。

貴(gui)州省：畢節市、大(da)方縣(xian)(xian)、道真仡佬(lao)族(zu)(zu)(zu)苗族(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)、赫章縣(xian)(xian)、黃平縣(xian)(xian)、江口(kou)縣(xian)(xian)、金(jin)沙(sha)縣(xian)(xian)、開陽縣(xian)(xian)、六盤水市、 納雍(yong)縣(xian)(xian)、黔西市、石阡(qian)縣(xian)(xian)、水城(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)、松桃苗族(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)、銅(tong)仁市、萬山區、息烽縣(xian)(xian)、修文縣(xian)(xian)、織金(jin)縣(xian)(xian)、紫云苗族(zu)(zu)(zu)布依族(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)。

云南(nan)省(sheng)：大關縣、威信縣、彝良縣、永善縣、鎮雄(xiong)縣。

2.黔中小片

分布于貴陽以西(xi)(xi)的黔中、黔西(xi)(xi)北地區，廣西(xi)(xi)還有3個方言(yan)點也可畫入黔中小片(pian)。共20個縣市區。

貴州省：安龍縣、安順(shun)市(shi)、冊亨(heng)縣、長順(shun)縣、關(guan)嶺布依族(zu)苗族(zu)自治縣、貴陽(yang)市(shi)、六枝特區、盤州市(shi)、平壩區、普安縣、普定(ding)縣、清鎮(zhen)市(shi)、晴(qing)隆縣、望(wang)謨(mo)縣、興仁市(shi)、興義市(shi)、貞豐(feng)縣、鎮(zhen)寧布依族(zu)苗族(zu)自治縣。

廣(guang)西壯族自治(zhi)區(qu)：樂業縣、隆林各族自治(zhi)縣、凌云縣。

3.陜南小片

包括16個縣區。

陜(shan)西(xi)省：漢臺(tai)區(qu)、南鄭區(qu)、佛坪縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、嵐皋縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、留壩縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、略陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、勉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、寧(ning)強縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、城固縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、漢陰(yin)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、寧(ning)陜(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、石泉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、鎮(zhen)巴(ba)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、鎮(zhen)坪縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、紫(zi)陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、西(xi)鄉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。

西蜀片

共82個縣(xian)市區，使(shi)用人口約4000萬人，分(fen)為3個小片。

1.岷赤小片

主要分布在岷江中下(xia)游地區(qu)和(he)赤水河流(liu)域，還包括云南省的3個(ge)方言點(dian)和(he)重慶(qing)市的兩(liang)個(ge)方言點(dian)，總數為(wei)62個(ge)縣市。

四川(chuan)(chuan)省：長寧縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、崇州(zhou)市(shi)、大邑縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、都江堰市(shi)、峨邊彝(yi)族自治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、峨眉山市(shi)、高縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、珙(gong)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、古藺縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、合(he)江縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、黑水(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、洪雅(ya)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、犍為縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、江安縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、筠連縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、樂山市(shi)、瀘(lu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、瀘(lu)州(zhou)市(shi)、馬邊彝(yi)族自治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、茂(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、眉山市(shi)、沐川(chuan)(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、南溪(xi)區(qu)(qu)、彭山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、彭州(zhou)市(shi)、郫都區(qu)(qu)、屏山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、蒲江縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、青神縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、邛崍市(shi)、什邡市(shi)、雙(shuang)流(liu)區(qu)(qu)、松潘縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、汶(wen)川(chuan)(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、新津區(qu)(qu)、興文縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、敘永縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、宜(yi)賓市(shi)、敘州(zhou)區(qu)(qu)、滎(ying)經縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。

重慶市：江津區、綦江區

貴(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)省：赤水市、德(de)江縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、鳳岡(gang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、湄潭(tan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、仁(ren)懷市、思南縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、綏(sui)陽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、桐梓縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、甕安縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、務川仡佬(lao)族(zu)(zu)苗族(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、習(xi)水縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、沿河土家族(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、印江土家族(zu)(zu)苗族(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、余慶(qing)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、正安縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、遵(zun)義市、播(bo)州(zhou)(zhou)區。

云(yun)南省：水(shui)富市(shi)、綏江縣(xian)、鹽津(jin)縣(xian)。

2.雅甘小片

包括12個縣市。

四川省：寶興(xing)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、丹棱縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、甘洛縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、漢源(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、夾江(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、蘆山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、瀘定(ding)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、名山(shan)區、石(shi)棉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、天全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、雅(ya)安市(shi)、冕寧縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。

3.江貢小片

包括8個縣市。

四川省：富順縣(xian)、井(jing)研縣(xian)、隆(long)昌市(shi)、內(nei)江市(shi)、仁壽縣(xian)、榮縣(xian)、威(wei)遠(yuan)縣(xian)、自貢市(shi)。

川西片

共43個市(shi)縣，使(shi)用(yong)人口約600萬人。本(ben)片分布于四(si)川西部的涼山、甘孜(zi)、阿壩等3個少數民族自治(zhi)州，還包(bao)括攀枝花市(shi)的一區兩縣。分為兩個小片。

1.康藏小片

本小片的兩南官話主(zhu)要受藏語(yu)或(huo)羌語(yu)影響(xiang)，分布于四川的甘孜和(he)阿壩兩州及涼(liang)山州的木(mu)里藏族自治縣(xian)，包括26個縣(xian)。

四川省：阿壩縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、巴(ba)塘縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、白玉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、丹巴(ba)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、道孚縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、稻城縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、得榮縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、德格縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、甘孜縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、紅(hong)原(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、金川縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、九龍縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、康定(ding)市、理塘縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、理縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、爐霍縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、馬爾(er)康市、木里(li)藏族自治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、壤(rang)塘縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、若爾(er)蓋縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、色達縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、石渠縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、鄉城縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、小金縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、新龍縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、雅(ya)江(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。

2.涼山小片

本小片西南官話(hua)受彝語影響，分布于涼山(shan)州和(he)攀(pan)枝(zhi)花市，包括17個縣市。

四川省(sheng)：布拖縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、德昌縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、會(hui)東縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、會(hui)理市(shi)(shi)、金陽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、雷波縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、美(mei)姑縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、米(mi)易縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、寧(ning)南縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、攀枝花市(shi)(shi)、普(pu)格縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、西(xi)昌市(shi)(shi)、喜德縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鹽邊縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鹽源縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、越(yue)西(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、昭覺縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。

云南片

共118個縣市，使用(yong)人(ren)(ren)口約4000萬人(ren)(ren)。分(fen)為3個小片。

1.滇中小片

共61個縣市。

云南省：安(an)寧市(shi)(shi)(shi)、呈貢區、澄江(jiang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、楚(chu)雄市(shi)(shi)(shi)、大(da)理市(shi)(shi)(shi)、大(da)姚(yao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、峨山彝(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、富民(min)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、富源縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、華(hua)(hua)寧縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、華(hua)(hua)坪縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、會澤縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、江(jiang)城哈尼(ni)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)彝(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、江(jiang)川(chuan)區、晉寧縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、景洪市(shi)(shi)(shi)、昆明市(shi)(shi)(shi)、瀘西縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、魯甸(dian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、陸(lu)良(liang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、祿豐縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、祿勸彝(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)苗族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、羅平(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、馬龍縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、勐(meng)海縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、勐(meng)臘縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、彌(mi)渡縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、彌(mi)勒(le)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、墨江(jiang)哈尼(ni)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、牟定(ding)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、南華(hua)(hua)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、南澗彝(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、寧蒗彝(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、寧洱哈尼(ni)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)彝(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、巧家縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、曲靖(jing)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、師(shi)宗縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、石林彝(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、雙(shuang)柏縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、普(pu)洱市(shi)(shi)(shi)、嵩明縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、通海縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、巍(wei)山彝(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)回族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、武定(ding)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、祥云縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、新平(ping)彝(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)傣族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、宣威市(shi)(shi)(shi)、尋甸(dian)回族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)彝(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、漾濞彝(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、姚(yao)安(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、宜良(liang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、易門縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、永平(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、永仁縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、永勝縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、玉(yu)溪市(shi)(shi)(shi)、元江(jiang)哈尼(ni)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)彝(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)傣族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、元謀縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、沾益(yi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、昭通市(shi)(shi)(shi)。

貴州省：威(wei)寧彝族回族苗族自(zi)治縣(xian)。

2.滇西小片

總計37個縣市。

云(yun)南省(sheng)：保山(shan)市(shi)(shi)、賓川(chuan)縣(xian)、滄源佤(wa)(wa)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)、昌寧縣(xian)、德(de)欽(qin)縣(xian)、洱(er)源縣(xian)、鳳慶(qing)縣(xian)、福貢縣(xian)、耿馬傣(dai)(dai)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)佤(wa)(wa)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)、貢山(shan)獨(du)龍族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)怒(nu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)、鶴(he)慶(qing)縣(xian)、劍川(chuan)縣(xian)、景(jing)(jing)東彝(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)、景(jing)(jing)谷傣(dai)(dai)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)彝(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)、蘭(lan)坪白族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)普米族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)、瀾(lan)滄拉(la)祜(hu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)、玉龍納西族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)、梁(liang)河縣(xian)、臨滄市(shi)(shi)、龍陵縣(xian)、隴川(chuan)縣(xian)、瀘水市(shi)(shi)、芒市(shi)(shi)、孟(meng)連傣(dai)(dai)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)拉(la)祜(hu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)佤(wa)(wa)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)、瑞麗市(shi)(shi)、施甸縣(xian)、雙(shuang)江(jiang)拉(la)祜(hu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)佤(wa)(wa)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)布(bu)朗族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)傣(dai)(dai)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)、騰沖(chong)市(shi)(shi)、維西傈僳(su)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)、西盟佤(wa)(wa)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)、香格里拉(la)市(shi)(shi)、盈江(jiang)縣(xian)、永(yong)德(de)縣(xian)、云(yun)龍縣(xian)、云(yun)縣(xian)、鎮(zhen)康(kang)縣(xian)、鎮(zhen)沅彝(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)哈尼族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)拉(la)祜(hu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)。

3.滇南小片

總計20個縣市。

云南省：富寧(ning)縣、個舊市、廣南縣、河(he)口瑤族(zu)自(zi)治縣、紅河(he)縣、建水縣、金(jin)平苗(miao)(miao)族(zu)瑤族(zu)傣(dai)族(zu)自(zi)治縣、開遠市、綠春縣、麻(ma)栗坡縣、馬(ma)關(guan)縣、蒙(meng)自(zi)市、屏邊苗(miao)(miao)族(zu)自(zi)治縣、丘(qiu)北(bei)縣、石屏縣、文山市、西疇縣、硯山縣、元陽縣；

廣(guang)西(xi)壯族自治區：西(xi)林(lin)縣。

湖廣片

共(gong)85個縣市(shi)，使用人口約5250萬人。可分成8個小片。

1.鄂北小片

共10個縣市。

湖北省(sheng)：十堰市(shi)(shi)(shi)、襄陽市(shi)(shi)(shi)、丹江(jiang)口市(shi)(shi)(shi)、房縣(xian)、谷城(cheng)縣(xian)、老(lao)河(he)口市(shi)(shi)(shi)、南漳縣(xian)、隨(sui)(sui)州市(shi)(shi)(shi)、隨(sui)(sui)縣(xian)、棗陽市(shi)(shi)(shi)。

2.鄂西小片

共5個縣市。

湖北(bei)省(sheng)：鄖(yun)西(xi)縣、竹(zhu)山縣、竹(zhu)溪縣；陜西(xi)省(sheng)：白河(he)縣、平(ping)利縣。

3.鄂中小片

共33個縣市。

湖(hu)北省：巴東縣、保康(kang)縣、長陽土家族自(zi)治(zhi)縣、當陽市、恩施市、建始縣、江陵縣、荊(jing)門(men)市、荊(jing)州市、來鳳縣、利川市、潛江市、沙(sha)洋縣、松滋市、五峰(feng)土家族自(zi)治(zhi)縣、咸豐縣、興山(shan)縣、宣恩縣、宜昌市、宜城市、宜都市、遠安縣、枝江市、鐘祥市、秭歸縣、漢川市、京(jing)山(shan)縣、天(tian)門(men)市、武漢市、仙(xian)桃(tao)市；

湖(hu)南省：龍(long)山縣(xian)、桑植縣(xian)、張家(jia)界市(shi)。

4.湘北小片

共12個縣市。

湖南省：常德市(shi)、慈利縣(xian)(xian)、漢壽縣(xian)(xian)、津(jin)市(shi)市(shi)、澧(li)縣(xian)(xian)、臨澧(li)縣(xian)(xian)、石門(men)縣(xian)(xian)、桃源縣(xian)(xian)；

湖北省：鶴峰(feng)縣(xian)、石首(shou)市、公安縣(xian)、洪湖市。

5.湘西小片

共8個縣市。

湖南省：保(bao)靖縣(xian)(xian)、鳳凰縣(xian)(xian)、古丈縣(xian)(xian)、花垣(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)、吉首市、麻陽苗族自治縣(xian)(xian)、永(yong)順縣(xian)(xian)、沅陵縣(xian)(xian)；

另：邵(shao)陽市區、邵(shao)東縣(xian)(xian)、新邵(shao)縣(xian)(xian)、邵(shao)陽縣(xian)(xian)和新寧縣(xian)(xian)話(hua)雖屬(shu)湘語，但接近(jin)西南(nan)官話(hua)。

6.懷玉小片

共6個縣市。

湖南(nan)省(sheng)：懷化市、新晃侗族(zu)自(zi)治縣、芷江侗族(zu)自(zi)治縣、中(zhong)方縣、洪(hong)江市；

貴州省：玉屏侗族自治縣。

7.黔東小片

共10個縣。

貴州省(sheng)：岑鞏縣、從江縣、劍河縣、錦屏縣、榕江縣、施(shi)秉縣、三(san)穗縣、臺江縣、天柱縣、鎮(zhen)遠(yuan)縣。

8.黎靖小片共3個縣。

湖南省：靖州苗族侗(dong)族自治縣(xian)、通道侗(dong)族自治縣(xian)；貴州省：黎平縣(xian)。

桂柳片

共75個縣市，1鎮，使用(yong)人口約3007萬(wan)人。可以分為3個小片(pian)。

1.湘南小片

共(gong)14個縣市，1鎮(zhen)。

湖南(nan)省：郴州市(shi)、道縣(xian)、東安縣(xian)、桂陽縣(xian)、嘉禾縣(xian)、江(jiang)華(hua)瑤(yao)族(zu)自治縣(xian)、江(jiang)永(yong)縣(xian)、藍山縣(xian)、臨武(wu)縣(xian)、寧遠縣(xian)、雙(shuang)牌縣(xian)、新田縣(xian)、宜章縣(xian)、永(yong)州市(shi)；

廣東省:韶關市樂(le)昌(chang)市坪石(shi)鎮。

2.桂北小片(pian)共46個(ge)縣。

廣西壯族(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)區：全州(zhou)(zhou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、巴馬(ma)瑤(yao)(yao)族(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、百(bai)色市(shi)(shi)(shi)、賓陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、大(da)化(hua)瑤(yao)(yao)族(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、德保縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、東蘭縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、都安瑤(yao)(yao)族(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鳳山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、富(fu)川(chuan)瑤(yao)(yao)族(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、恭城瑤(yao)(yao)族(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、桂林(lin)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、合(he)山市(shi)(shi)(shi)、河池市(shi)(shi)(shi)、賀州(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、環(huan)江(jiang)(jiang)毛南族(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、靖西市(shi)(shi)(shi)、來賓市(shi)(shi)(shi)、荔浦(pu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、臨桂區、靈川(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、柳(liu)城縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、柳(liu)江(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、柳(liu)州(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、龍勝(sheng)各族(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鹿寨縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、羅(luo)城仫佬族(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、馬(ma)山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、那坡縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、南丹縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、平(ping)果市(shi)(shi)(shi)、平(ping)樂縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、融安縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、融水苗(miao)族(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、三(san)江(jiang)(jiang)侗(dong)族(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、上林(lin)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、田東縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、田林(lin)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、田陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、武宣(xuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、象州(zhou)(zhou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、忻城縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、陽(yang)朔縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、宜州(zhou)(zhou)區、永福縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、昭平(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鐘山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。

3.黔南小片

共15個縣市。

貴州(zhou)省：丹(dan)寨縣(xian)(xian)、都勻市(shi)、獨山縣(xian)(xian)、福泉市(shi)、貴定縣(xian)(xian)、惠水縣(xian)(xian)、凱里市(shi)、雷山縣(xian)(xian)、荔波縣(xian)(xian)、龍里縣(xian)(xian)、羅甸縣(xian)(xian)、麻江縣(xian)(xian)、平(ping)塘(tang)縣(xian)(xian)、三都水族自治縣(xian)(xian)；

廣西壯族自治區：天峨(e)縣。

界線

西(xi)(xi)南官話與(yu)中原官話的分界(jie)線是：淮河(he)上游-桐柏山-南陽/駐馬店市(shi)界(jie)-牛(niu)頭店-鎮坪北-重慶(qing)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)界(jie)-正陽西(xi)(xi)南-花里(li)-嵐皋北-洞河(he)-紫陽東(dong)-漢(han)王-漢(han)陰西(xi)(xi)-木王-鎮安北-石甕-柞水東(dong)-營(ying)盤-廣貨街(jie)-佛坪西(xi)(xi)北-金(jin)水東(dong)-西(xi)(xi)鄉北-城固(gu)東(dong)-鳳縣南-勉縣北-略陽東(dong)北-陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)甘肅省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)界(jie)-陽平(ping)關-甘肅文縣碧口鎮以北-高(gao)川-五(wu)里(li)壩-楊家河(he)-大通江與(yu)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)界(jie)交叉處-陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)四(si)(si)川省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)界(jie)-四(si)(si)川甘肅省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)界(jie)。

《中國語言(yan)地(di)圖集》把陜(shan)(shan)南(nan)的(de)(de)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)全部歸入西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)。但陜(shan)(shan)南(nan)東(dong)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)兩片(pian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)存在明顯的(de)(de)差異。東(dong)部安康地(di)區的(de)(de)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)與西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)鄂北小片(pian)相(xiang)似且有共同的(de)(de)歷(li)(li)史來(lai)源，西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)部漢(han)中地(di)區的(de)(de)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)與西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)成都片(pian)相(xiang)似且有共同的(de)(de)歷(li)(li)史來(lai)源。依照方(fang)言(yan)特(te)點和歷(li)(li)史來(lai)源，陜(shan)(shan)南(nan)東(dong)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)兩片(pian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)宜(yi)分別歸屬西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)武天片(pian)和成渝片(pian)。

漢陰(yin)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)：漢陰(yin)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)屬于西(xi)(xi)南官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)區(qu)，位(wei)于南北(bei)(bei)方言過渡(du)帶，處于西(xi)(xi)南官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、中原(yuan)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、江淮官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)三(san)大官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)區(qu)交界處，具有(you)明顯的方言融合(he)特(te)征，漢陰(yin)人(ren)(ren)的移民主體(ti)為湖(hu)南人(ren)(ren)，其(qi)次是湖(hu)北(bei)(bei)人(ren)(ren)、河南人(ren)(ren)、廣東人(ren)(ren)等(deng)，因(yin)此在發音和詞(ci)匯方面(mian)，有(you)大量的湘語(yu)詞(ci)匯和部分(fen)粵語(yu)詞(ci)匯，相對于鄰縣(xian)石泉(quan)縣(xian)，漢陰(yin)縣(xian)受四川影響較石泉(quan)縣(xian)小，反之受湖(hu)北(bei)(bei)湖(hu)南影響較大，因(yin)此漢陰(yin)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)屬于西(xi)(xi)南官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)哪個(ge)片的問題很有(you)爭(zheng)議。

關于漢(han)(han)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)話，有三四種說(shuo)法，分兩(liang)派(pai)，一(yi)派(pai)認(ren)(ren)為漢(han)(han)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)話屬于中原(yuan)官(guan)話秦隴片，一(yi)派(pai)認(ren)(ren)為漢(han)(han)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)話屬于西(xi)南(nan)(nan)官(guan)話，但(dan)這(zhe)一(yi)關于漢(han)(han)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)話屬于哪(na)一(yi)片有爭議，主流(liu)認(ren)(ren)為漢(han)(han)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)話屬于西(xi)南(nan)(nan)官(guan)話成渝(yu)小片，但(dan)是(shi)由(you)于漢(han)(han)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)話和(he)石泉話有明顯區別(bie)（在方言(yan)詞(ci)匯和(he)調(diao)值(zhi)上，詞(ci)匯上和(he)湖(hu)(hu)南(nan)(nan)湖(hu)(hu)北交界的荊州常(chang)德方言(yan)類似），石泉話是(shi)典型的成渝(yu)小片，而漢(han)(han)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)話受湖(hu)(hu)北湖(hu)(hu)南(nan)(nan)影響較大(da)，所以有人認(ren)(ren)為漢(han)(han)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)話屬于西(xi)南(nan)(nan)官(guan)話武天片或者常(chang)鶴片，直到新版方言(yan)集出版尚(shang)未(wei)有定論。

生存危機

雖然說西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)被公認(ren)為全國方言(yan)較為強勢的(de)(de)(de)地區，但事實上由于“推廣普通話(hua)”政策，西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)的(de)(de)(de)生存環(huan)境正受到普通話(hua)的(de)(de)(de)強烈沖擊(ji)，有學者認(ren)為長期以往，西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)長遠甚至有完(wan)全被普通話(hua)取代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)能。

一方(fang)面(mian)，以成(cheng)(cheng)都(dou)(dou)(dou)貴(gui)陽(yang)為首的西南大(da)城(cheng)市城(cheng)區(qu)方(fang)言(yan)(yan)大(da)有(you)被普(pu)通話(hua)取代(dai)的趨勢，由(you)于推廣普(pu)通話(hua)，大(da)城(cheng)市10后(hou)小孩很多已(yi)經不(bu)會講(jiang)本地方(fang)言(yan)(yan)；加上(shang)很多80后(hou)和(he)90后(hou)年輕家(jia)長對(dui)方(fang)言(yan)(yan)的消(xiao)極態(tai)度，從而(er)導致成(cheng)(cheng)都(dou)(dou)(dou)貴(gui)陽(yang)等大(da)城(cheng)市方(fang)言(yan)(yan)的逐(zhu)漸(jian)式微。除此(ci)(ci)以外(wai)，昆明(ming)市區(qu)的方(fang)言(yan)(yan)狀況(kuang)也(ye)(ye)不(bu)容樂(le)觀(guan)，但由(you)于使用人數偏少，因此(ci)(ci)貴(gui)陽(yang)和(he)昆明(ming)比成(cheng)(cheng)都(dou)(dou)(dou)和(he)重(zhong)慶市區(qu)方(fang)言(yan)(yan)狀況(kuang)更(geng)糟糕，也(ye)(ye)大(da)有(you)被普(pu)通話(hua)取代(dai)的趨勢。

另一方(fang)面，西(xi)南(nan)官話外圍地區(qu)的(de)方(fang)言被普通話取代的(de)趨勢也非(fei)常(chang)明顯。具體表現如下：

①陜西(xi)漢中(zhong)主體方言(yan)原先本來屬(shu)于(yu)西(xi)南官(guan)話(hua)，但由于(yu)屬(shu)于(yu)陜西(xi)省(sheng)，與西(xi)安聯系更(geng)密切，再(zai)加上西(xi)安普(pu)通話(hua)普(pu)及率比川(chuan)渝地區高，被(bei)普(pu)通話(hua)和中(zhong)原官(guan)話(hua)大量替換；如(ru)今(jin)在漢中(zhong)，西(xi)南官(guan)話(hua)逐(zhu)步淪落為小(xiao)眾方言(yan)，漢中(zhong)年輕人里面如(ru)今(jin)會講西(xi)南官(guan)話(hua)的大幅度(du)減少，更(geng)多(duo)的都是(shi)講中(zhong)原官(guan)話(hua)和普(pu)通話(hua)。未來20年內，西(xi)南官(guan)話(hua)很有可能(neng)會在漢中(zhong)被(bei)完全邊緣化。

②廣西桂柳話也屬于(yu)西南官話，十年前都還是廣西最強勢的方言，但由于(yu)受(shou)到(dao)首府南寧(ning)和強制(zhi)推普(pu)的影響，也逐漸步入南寧(ning)白話的后(hou)塵，被(bei)普(pu)通話大(da)量取代(dai)。

③湖北武漢話(hua)(hua)也(ye)屬于西南官話(hua)(hua)，但由于政治地位的原(yuan)因，逐(zhu)步(bu)被普(pu)通話(hua)(hua)代替；西南官話(hua)(hua)湖廣片的鄂北小(xiao)片也(ye)正(zheng)逐(zhu)步(bu)被中(zhong)原(yuan)官話(hua)(hua)同化甚至(zhi)取代

④湖北(bei)宜(yi)昌話也屬于(yu)(yu)西南官話，但由于(yu)(yu)受(shou)到武漢的(de)影響，被(bei)普通話取(qu)代的(de)趨(qu)勢尤(you)其明顯(xian)。

⑤湘(xiang)西(xi)懷化也說西(xi)南官話，但隨(sui)著普通話的推廣逐步(bu)消(xiao)亡。

部分方言

福善巖上土話。

自貢話、懷德話、富順話。