簡介概要
山(shan)莊門(men)(men)(men)(men)廳(ting)為(wei)(wei)3開間(jian)(jian)(jian)門(men)(men)(men)(men)廊,高檐如蓋(gai),8根梭往拔地而起。門(men)(men)(men)(men)廳(ting)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)明(ming)(ming)中(zhong)(zhong)葉,原(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)(wei)潛(qian)(qian)口(kou)鎮(zhen)(zhen)汪(wang)姓(xing)眾(zhong)廳(ting)六順(shun)堂殘留(liu)部(bu)分(fen)。入(ru)門(men)(men)(men)(men)有一(yi)(yi)不(bu)大的(de)(de)(de)院(yuan)落(luo)(luo)(luo),中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)立有3間(jian)(jian)(jian)五樓茶(cha)園石(shi)牌(pai)坊,為(wei)(wei)明(ming)(ming)代(dai)嘉靖(jing)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(1552~1566年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))鄭綺所建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。不(bu)遠處,有小(xiao)溪自西向東環山(shan)而過(guo),溪上橫(heng)跨有單孔(kong)石(shi)拱小(xiao)橋(qiao),名(ming)"蔭秀橋(qiao)",始(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)明(ming)(ming)嘉靖(jing)申寅年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1554年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),原(yuan)(yuan)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)落(luo)(luo)(luo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)潛(qian)(qian)口(kou)鎮(zhen)(zhen)唐(tang)貝村口(kou)。過(guo)橋(qiao)循道(dao)登(deng)山(shan),路有一(yi)(yi)亭(ting)(ting),四(si)(si)角高翹,名(ming)"善(shan)化亭(ting)(ting)",建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)明(ming)(ming)嘉靖(jing)辛亥年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1551年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),原(yuan)(yuan)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)落(luo)(luo)(luo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)歙縣(xian)許村楊充嶺石(shi)道(dao)旁(pang)。順(shun)山(shan)勢(shi)北轉,即見"樂(le)(le)善(shan)堂",建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)明(ming)(ming)中(zhong)(zhong)葉,原(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)潛(qian)(qian)口(kou)鎮(zhen)(zhen)汪(wang)姓(xing)子孫(sun)所建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)眾(zhong)廳(ting),因族中(zhong)(zhong)老人常娛(yu)樂(le)(le)議事(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)此,故又名(ming)"耄耋廳(ting)",二(er)(er)進(jin)3開間(jian)(jian)(jian),無樓。北面毗(pi)連(lian)著(zhu)"曹門(men)(men)(men)(men)廳(ting)",建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)明(ming)(ming)嘉靖(jing)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(1554年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),原(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)(wei)潛(qian)(qian)口(kou)鎮(zhen)(zhen)汪(wang)氏后(hou)裔的(de)(de)(de)支祠,9開間(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)門(men)(men)(men)(men)庭一(yi)(yi)字(zi)形展開,8根獻柱(zhu)整齊劃列。入(ru)門(men)(men)(men)(men)有四(si)(si)廊,與明(ming)(ming)堂正廳(ting)連(lian)接(jie)。穿過(guo)門(men)(men)(men)(men)前石(shi)坪順(shun)勢(shi)而下,有"司(si)諫第(di)",始(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)明(ming)(ming)弘(hong)治(zhi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)門(men)(men)(men)(men) (1495年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),原(yuan)(yuan)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)落(luo)(luo)(luo)潛(qian)(qian)口(kou)村,系(xi)明(ming)(ming)永樂(le)(le)初(chu)進(jin)士、吏科給事(shi)汪(wang)善(shan)孫(sun)輩祭(ji)祖所建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)宗祠,二(er)(er)進(jin)明(ming)(ming)廳(ting)式,中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)天并設池(chi),四(si)(si)周(zhou)繞以石(shi)柱(zhu),中(zhong)(zhong)架單孔(kong)石(shi)拱小(xiao)橋(qiao)。山(shan)莊北側為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)組宅(zhai)(zhai)第(di):吳建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)化宅(zhai)(zhai),建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)明(ming)(ming)中(zhong)(zhong)葉,系(xi)普通民居,原(yuan)(yuan)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)落(luo)(luo)(luo)潛(qian)(qian)口(kou)村,始(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)時為(wei)(wei)3層(ceng),后(hou)改為(wei)(wei)2層(ceng),仍保留(liu)明(ming)(ming)代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑特征。方(fang)觀田宅(zhai)(zhai),始(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)明(ming)(ming)中(zhong)(zhong)葉,原(yuan)(yuan)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)落(luo)(luo)(luo)歙縣(xian)坑日(ri)鄉(xiang)淪(lun)潭村,一(yi)(yi)進(jin)2層(ceng)3間(jian)(jian)(jian)兩廂式。方(fang)文泰宅(zhai)(zhai),始(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)明(ming)(ming)中(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)期(qi),原(yuan)(yuan)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)落(luo)(luo)(luo)在坤沙村,為(wei)(wei)3開間(jian)(jian)(jian)兩進(jin)、上下對廊結(jie)構的(de)(de)(de)2層(ceng)民居。蘇(su)雪痕宅(zhai)(zhai),明(ming)(ming)中(zhong)(zhong)葉遺構,原(yuan)(yuan)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)落(luo)(luo)(luo)歙縣(xian)鄭村,一(yi)(yi)脊翻兩堂逆向式3間(jian)(jian)(jian)二(er)(er)進(jin)2層(ceng)磚(zhuan)木結(jie)構。
歷史沉淀
潛(qian)(qian)(qian)口(kou)民(min)(min)(min)宅(zhai)是徽(hui)州(zhou)明(ming)代民(min)(min)(min)居(ju)的(de)(de)(de)縮影。在一(yi)個小(xiao)山巒上(shang)(shang)(shang)展示出(chu)各類(lei)不(bu)同古民(min)(min)(min)居(ju)風(feng)貌,頗具匠(jiang)心(xin),首先,潛(qian)(qian)(qian)口(kou)民(min)(min)(min)宅(zhai)很注(zhu)意它的(de)(de)(de)代表性。從(cong)建筑(zhu)類(lei)型(xing)看,既有(you)洞社、宅(zhai)第,也有(you)小(xiao)橋(qiao)、路亭、牌(pai)坊(fang)。在時間跨度上(shang)(shang)(shang),從(cong)明(ming)弘治八年延續到明(ming)中(zhong)晚期。從(cong)宅(zhai)主(zhu)看,有(you)商人的(de)(de)(de)是捐(juan)建的(de)(de)(de)"善化(hua)亭",老人議事(shi)娛(yu)樂的(de)(de)(de)"樂善堂(tang)",大家旺族的(de)(de)(de)眾廳。其次,潛(qian)(qian)(qian)口(kou)民(min)(min)(min)宅(zhai)頗縣典型(xing)性。這里有(you)雕飾精(jing)美,能(neng)體現(xian)徽(hui)雕技藝的(de)(de)(de)"方文泰宅(zhai)",有(you)江南現(xian)存明(ming)代最早磚(zhuan)本結構建筑(zhu)之一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)"司諫(jian)第",亦有(you)保留了(le)元代營造(zao)(zao)手法的(de)(de)(de)"吳(wu)建華宅(zhai)"。這里,可以(yi)見到明(ming)宅(zhai)起居(ju)方便,簡(jian)易而富(fu)有(you)實用價(jia)值的(de)(de)(de)營造(zao)(zao)法,從(cong)天井設水池去體驗聚水如聚財(cai)的(de)(de)(de)哲理。再次,潛(qian)(qian)(qian)口(kou)民(min)(min)(min)宅(zhai)有(you)統一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)藝術風(feng)格。移人的(de)(de)(de)建筑(zhu),大都取自(zi)潛(qian)(qian)(qian)日村(cun),布局上(shang)(shang)(shang)又(you)參(can)照(zhao)了(le)徽(hui)州(zhou)古村(cun)落的(de)(de)(de)固有(you)特點,內部陳設以(yi)明(ming)代家具和其他生活用品,再現(xian)了(le)徽(hui)州(zhou)古村(cun)落的(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)文化(hua)風(feng)貌。
景點介紹
蔭秀橋
“蔭(yin)秀(xiu)橋(qiao)”建于(yu)明(ming)嘉靖三十三年(公元(yuan)1554年),為單孔拱橋(qiao),它由當地尼姑(gu)出資所(suo)建,橋(qiao)的(de)一(yi)頭(tou)是(shi)尼姑(gu)庵(an),另一(yi)頭(tou)是(shi)雞(ji)犬相(xiang)聞的(de)村莊,“蔭(yin)秀(xiu)橋(qiao)”三字,一(yi)半為陽(yang)刻(ke)(ke),一(yi)半為陰刻(ke)(ke),橋(qiao)中央成(cheng)了佛界與人(ren)間的(de)分(fen)界線(xian),故(gu)又叫(jiao)“陰陽(yang)橋(qiao)”,十分(fen)有趣的(de)是(shi)該橋(qiao)兩旁(pang)護(hu)欄(lan)砌筑(zhu)卻是(shi)羅(luo)(luo)漢板。歲月悠(you)悠(you),小(xiao)橋(qiao)依然,“師太不知(zhi)何處(chu)去,羅(luo)(luo)漢依舊笑春(chun)風”。
石牌坊
走過“蔭秀橋”,便是“石(shi)牌坊”,它建(jian)于明代嘉靖(jing)年(nian)間,牌坊正面無題字(zi),只雕著一個(ge)齜牙咧(lie)嘴的“鬼(gui)”,手里拿著一支筆,腳上踏著一只方形(xing)大(da)斗,“鬼(gui)”與“斗”合起(qi)來為“魁”。牌坊背面刻了月宮桂樹圖。表明立(li)坊者方氏期望家族子(zi)弟多出文魁星,去蟾宮折(zhe)桂,光宗耀(yao)祖。
善化亭
迂回登(deng)山,即有一亭,名曰(yue)“善(shan)(shan)化(hua)亭”,建于明代嘉靖三十(shi)年(nian)(公元1551年(nian)),亭名“善(shan)(shan)化(hua)”,乃(nai)取舊時“善(shan)(shan)化(hua)賢(xian)良釋(shi)化(hua)愚”之意(yi)。亭為(wei)方(fang)形,四(si)柱居空,飛檐翹角,造型美(mei)觀(guan),亭頂梁橫(heng)木上(shang)(shang)刻有對(dui)聯(lian):“陰德無根方(fang)寸地中種出,陽春有腳九重天上(shang)(shang)行來(lai)(lai)”,意(yi)在勸(quan)人誠心行善(shan)(shan)方(fang)可積德。此亭還(huan)有一對(dui)聯(lian):“走不完的(de)前程,停一停,從容步出;急(ji)不來(lai)(lai)的(de)心事,想一想,暫(zan)且(qie)丟開(kai)”,寓意(yi)十(shi)分(fen)深刻。
樂善堂
步出善化亭,順山而上,即見第一座民(min)宅“樂善堂(tang)”,又(you)稱(cheng)“耄耋廳”,建(jian)(jian)于明代中葉,此堂(tang)是供族(zu)中80歲以(yi)上的老人娛樂和議事的場所。宅高(gao)雅古(gu)樸(pu),二進三(san)開間(jian),正(zheng)(zheng)面為三(san)開間(jian)柱式門(men)廳,廳的兩側多有門(men)房(fang),前后進間(jian)設(she)有天井。明代徽(hui)州民(min)居家家如此,謂之“五(wu)岳朝天,四水(shui)(shui)歸堂(tang)”。古(gu)時(shi)徽(hui)州人聚水(shui)(shui)如聚財(cai),選設(she)天井,不(bu)僅是通風采光的需要(yao),還圖“肥水(shui)(shui)不(bu)外流(liu)”之吉利。樂善堂(tang)天井兩側都有廊室,正(zheng)(zheng)堂(tang)20根大柱巍(wei)然挺立,橫梁雕刻精(jing)細,整個建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)氣勢不(bu)凡。
曹門廳
“曹(cao)門廳(ting)”建于明嘉靖年(nian)間。此(ci)廳(ting)檐罩高(gao)懸,門庭九(jiu)開間,獻柱八根,整齊劃一,莊嚴肅穆。曹(cao)門廳(ting)建造者(zhe)為潛口汪曹(cao)(其先人曾(ceng)任宋代(dai)漕運使),后裔支祠,建筑宏偉,為一般祠堂所不(bu)及。
方觀田宅
“方觀田(tian)宅(zhai)”是一(yi)座明代徽(hui)州(zhou)普通(tong)農民(min)住宅(zhai),建于明代中期。該宅(zhai)為一(yi)進三間磚木結(jie)構(gou)的樓房,小青(qing)瓦、馬頭墻、樓廳(ting)、天井、欄板均采(cai)用護縫制裝飾,樓下(xia)青(qing)磚鋪地,大(da)門在(zai)門罩保(bao)護,門內罩飾有(you)霸王拳,專家認為此宅(zhai)是徽(hui)州(zhou)普通(tong)農民(min)住宅(zhai)的代表。
司諫第
“司諫第”建于明弘治(zhi)八(ba)年(nian)(公元(yuan)1495年(nian)),為明廳(ting)式的文化型建筑(zhu)。第內設天井,四(si)周繞以石(shi)柱(zhu),中(zhong)架(jia)單(dan)孔石(shi)拱小橋,直通(tong)正廳(ting),廳(ting)上設石(shi)座(zuo)寢(qin)室,供(gong)奉神位,該第構架(jia)用(yong)料宏大(da),梭(suo)柱(zhu)、月梁、荷花(hua)墩(dun)、叉(cha)手、單(dan)步(bu)梁、斗(dou)拱雕(diao)刻(ke)精美,顯(xian)示了明代建筑(zhu)風格。此第原是(shi)明永樂初進(jin)士(shi)、諫官、吏(li)部給事中(zhong)汪善的孫輩,為祭祖所建的家(jia)祠。中(zhong)堂高懸“敕(chi)諭匾”,上書(shu):“皇(huang)帝敕(chi)諭進(jin)士(shi)汪善……特(te)命爾榮歸故里,以誠德業(ye),副聯所期(qi)”。
文峰古塔
從潛(qian)口(kou)明宅前行約5公里,便可見文(wen)峰古(gu)(gu)塔傲(ao)然立于巖寺(si)古(gu)(gu)鎮之(zhi)中。該鎮同為黃山(shan)市徽州區政府所(suo)在(zai),舊(jiu)為登臨黃山(shan)的(de)咽喉之(zhi)地。巖寺(si)附近著名(ming)景觀除潛(qian)口(kou)古(gu)(gu)民(min)居外,還(huan)有國(guo)家級(ji)文(wen)物保護(hu)單位呈坎寶綸(lun)閣(ge)以及綠(lv)繞亭(ting)、老屋閣(ge)等一大批古(gu)(gu)建筑,還(huan)有許海峰國(guo)際射(she)擊俱樂(le)部、黃山(shan)垂釣中心等現代游樂(le)設施。巖寺(si)是新四軍(jun)八省健兒(er)會師之(zhi)所(suo),現存有新四軍(jun)軍(jun)部舊(jiu)址(zhi),留有陳(chen)毅元帥等在(zai)此戰斗(dou)生(sheng)活的(de)遺蹤。
唐模村
由呈坎(kan)驅車沿鄉道(dao)前行,便可(ke)抵唐(tang)模(mo)村(cun)(cun)。唐(tang)模(mo)村(cun)(cun)始(shi)建于宋,以田園、古建風光見長。村(cun)(cun)內(nei)檀(tan)干園建于清初,有池亭花木之(zhi)勝(sheng)。傳為該村(cun)(cun)許(xu)氏商人,為酬老(lao)母想游西湖(hu)之(zhi)愿,在村(cun)(cun)中花巨資(zi)興(xing)建,故俗稱“小西湖(hu)”。唐(tang)模(mo)村(cun)(cun)口建有“同胞翰(han)林(lin)(lin)坊”。該坊為旌表村(cun)(cun)內(nei)許(xu)承(cheng)宣、許(xu)承(cheng)家兄(xiong)弟(di)二人于清康熙年間上京殿試,同時考中翰(han)林(lin)(lin)而(er)建,實為全國罕見。
旅游信息
門票(piao)價(jia)格(ge):60元/人
地理位置(zhi):潛口民宅(zhai)位于(yu)徽(hui)州區潛口鎮紫霞山麓(lu),距(ju)巖寺5公里。
交通信息:
1、黃山市汽(qi)車(che)客運(yun)總站(zhan)(zhan)(黃山市屯溪區(qu)齊云(yun)大道31號,也叫屯溪汽(qi)車(che)站(zhan)(zhan))坐直(zhi)達潛口民宅的汽(qi)車(che),每天8:00、10:00、14:00、16:00發車(che)。
2、從黃山(shan)市(shi)市(shi)區出發,乘(cheng)(cheng)到(dao)(dao)巖(yan)寺(si)的小巴車(che),在乘(cheng)(cheng)巖(yan)寺(si)到(dao)(dao)潛口(kou)民(min)宅(zhai)(zhai)的小巴車(che)(4元(yuan)(yuan))或打的士(35元(yuan)(yuan)) 到(dao)(dao)潛口(kou)民(min)宅(zhai)(zhai),進入景區游玩,大約三個小時可(ke)乘(cheng)(cheng)車(che)返回市(shi)區。