山西省重點文物保(bao)護單位。在潞城縣東(dong)南(nan)5千米處的(de)東(dong)邑(yi)鄉(xiang)東(dong)邑(yi)村中,東(dong)北緊依盧醫山,西南(nan)與(yu)農(nong)舍毗鄰居,松柏蒼翠,綠樹(shu)成蔭,景(jing)色十分優雅。該廟創建(jian)(jian)年(nian)代不(bu)詳,金代以(yi)后多次重修(xiu)。 始(shi)建(jian)(jian)年(nian)代不(bu)詳。廟坐北朝南(nan),兩進院落(luo),存有山門、戲臺、正殿,及(ji)耳(er)殿、廂房(fang)等(deng)。正殿面闊三間(jian),進深六椽,單檐(yan)懸(xuan)山頂;因為后時屢有修(xiu)繕,所以(yi)風格雜糅(rou),但是殿內梁(liang)架保(bao)留了大叉手、平梁(liang),基本(ben)保(bao)留了金代原建(jian)(jian)時的(de)特點。
東邑(yi)村距縣(xian)城東南(nan)約5公里,古稱(cheng)黃邑(yi),舊屬(shu)葛(ge)(ge)井(jing)(jing)(jing)鄉(xiang)。平順九天圣母(mu)(mu)(mu)廟(miao)碑《重修九天圣母(mu)(mu)(mu)廟(miao)記》中記載:“古潞(lu)子嬰兒之國東南(nan)數十里有葛(ge)(ge)井(jing)(jing)(jing)鄉(xiang),鄉(xiang)之東社曰圣母(mu)(mu)(mu)谷(gu),谷(gu)之四(si)面,山明水秀,石怪木老(lao),乃太行(xing)左也(ye)。”因“相傳(chuan)葛(ge)(ge)洪師事鮑元,學道于(yu)此”,故(gu)又(you)名葛(ge)(ge)井(jing)(jing)(jing)山。東峪南(nan)山有“神泉”,“俗(su)傳(chuan)里人見一白虎入(ru)南(nan)山下,覓至山不見,止存一木箭(jian),拔箭(jian)得水,故(gu)名。”這里寺廟(miao)林立,古有葛(ge)(ge)洪祠,即《潞(lu)州潞(lu)城縣(xian)三池東圣母(mu)(mu)(mu)仙(xian)鄉(xiang)之碑》所謂(wei)的(de)“蓋井(jing)(jing)(jing)葛(ge)(ge)仙(xian)公煉藥之宮(gong)”,還有圓(yuan)寂寺,“在潞(lu)城縣(xian)東南(nan)十里葛(ge)(ge)井(jing)(jing)(jing)山下,唐天祐年建,今(jin)廢。”今(jin)存圣母(mu)(mu)(mu)廟(miao)、龍(long)王(wang)廟(miao),可以(yi)想(xiang)象到當年香火繚(liao)繞(rao),云蒸霞蔚的(de)景(jing)象。
龍王(wang)廟位(wei)于(yu)村東北(bei),東臨(lin)五(wu)(wu)道溝(gou),坐(zuo)北(bei)面南(nan),俯(fu)臨(lin)村莊(zhuang),兩(liang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)院(yuan)(yuan)落(luo)。山門三(san)間,兩(liang)側連接(jie)八(ba)字影壁墻,與(yu)兩(liang)側圍(wei)墻貫通。入山門靠西處有(you)(you)一眼水(shui)井,和祈雨有(you)(you)關。山門內兩(liang)側各為三(san)間廂房,中(zhong)間甬道直通戲(xi)臺,構成第一院(yuan)(yuan)落(luo),南(nan)北(bei)進(jin)(jin)(jin)深12.3米,東西寬(kuan)16.7米;戲(xi)臺下(xia)為通道,上(shang)為三(san)間倒座戲(xi)臺,正殿(dian)與(yu)戲(xi)臺相(xiang)對(dui),以甬道相(xiang)連,兩(liang)側為東西配殿(dian)各五(wu)(wu)間及廂房各三(san)間,正北(bei)為大殿(dian)三(san)間,東西耳殿(dian)各三(san)間,構成第二進(jin)(jin)(jin)院(yuan)(yuan)落(luo)。南(nan)北(bei)進(jin)(jin)(jin)深26.9米,東西寬(kuan)16.7米。龍王(wang)廟布局規整有(you)(you)序,符(fu)合中(zhong)國(guo)傳(chuan)統建(jian)筑以中(zhong)軸線(xian)為主,左右對(dui)稱的布局格式。
山(shan)(shan)門(men)三間,單檐(yan)硬山(shan)(shan)頂(ding),面闊8.31米, 進深(shen)6.3米,明間中(zhong)部(bu)設板門(men)兩(liang)扇,前檐(yan)柱頭斗栱四(si)鋪作(zuo),單下(xia)昂(琴面)卷云耍(shua)頭,補間斗栱雙(shuang)下(xia)昂,上昂后(hou)尾挑入垂蓮柱,上承(cheng)托在中(zhong)金檁下(xia)皮(pi),后(hou)檐(yan)為一斗三升(sheng)。梁(liang)架由(you)四(si)栿(fa)、平梁(liang)、插手(shou)構(gou)(gou)(gou)成,灰布瓦頂(ding),磚木結構(gou)(gou)(gou),從建(jian)(jian)筑形制和藝術構(gou)(gou)(gou)件的特征看,應是清代(dai)遺物。東側廂房用(yong)(yong)作(zuo)伙房,西側廂房用(yong)(yong)作(zuo)宿舍(she),宿舍(she)門(men)窗開向(xiang)廟外,均拆改(gai)為現(xian)代(dai)建(jian)(jian)筑。
戲臺三間(jian),倒座式,即坐南朝北,面(mian)向正殿,面(mian)闊9.9、進深6.56米(mi),單檐硬山頂,灰布瓦(wa)頂。上(shang)(shang)下兩層(ceng),下層(ceng)為(wei)(wei)通道,通道頂部(bu)鋪(pu)木板,正面(mian)(面(mian)向山門(men)(men))墻體直(zhi)達(da)檐口(kou)。中間(jian)開方形(xing)門(men)(men),上(shang)(shang)部(bu)做拱(gong)形(xing)門(men)(men)頭(tou)(tou),沙石(shi)材質,雕刻蓮(lian)花(hua)、龍、蓮(lian)瓣圖案(an),上(shang)(shang)方鑲“民生潤澤”石(shi)匾(0.75米(mi)×2.46米(mi))一塊。背(bei)面(mian)(戲臺正面(mian)),明(ming)間(jian)下部(bu)為(wei)(wei)長方形(xing)門(men)(men)洞(dong),東側(ce)石(shi)砌臺階,可達(da)上(shang)(shang)層(ceng)。戲臺前檐斗(dou)栱四(si)(si)鋪(pu)作(zuo)單下昂,卷云式昂頭(tou)(tou)。柱頭(tou)(tou)斗(dou)栱耍頭(tou)(tou)為(wei)(wei)象頭(tou)(tou),補間(jian)為(wei)(wei)龍頭(tou)(tou)。明(ming)間(jian)雀替(ti)為(wei)(wei)龍頭(tou)(tou),兩次(ci)間(jian)為(wei)(wei)象頭(tou)(tou)。梁架由四(si)(si)椽栿、平(ping)梁構成。梁架殘存部(bu)分(fen)有彩畫,無壁(bi)畫。臺口(kou)被(bei)門(men)(men)窗(chuang)壘砌封閉,兩側(ce)東西(xi)耳房(fang)已被(bei)拆除,但建筑和(he)架檁的痕跡清晰可辨,應(ying)為(wei)(wei)唱戲時化裝、休息的場所。
正(zheng)殿(dian)是龍王廟主要(yao)的建筑(zhu),位于(yu)中軸線(xian)北端,坐落在(zai)長14.76、寬13.5、高1米的臺(tai)基之(zhi)上,臺(tai)基東、西、南三面(mian)設臺(tai)階(jie)。正(zheng)殿(dian)三間(jian),面(mian)闊(kuo)13.24、進深(shen)11.97米,單檐懸山頂(ding),灰瓦,大吻(wen)、垂(chui)獸(shou)、戧獸(shou)、套(tao)獸(shou)均(jun)為琉璃雕花,正(zheng)脊每面(mian)6條(tiao)龍,垂(chui)脊雕鳳,均(jun)配飾牡丹,可(ke)惜垂(chui)脊只(zhi)留一(yi)條(tiao)脊剎,有“嘉(jia)慶元(yuan)年五月(yue)立”題記。明間(jian)設板門(已毀),兩次(ci)間(jian)為坎(kan)墻直欞窗,明間(jian)覆盆柱(zhu)礎,青(qing)石(shi)淺雕云龍圖案,次(ci)間(jian)為方形石(shi)料基座(zuo)。
砌(qi)上露明造(zao)(zao),舉(ju)架(jia)平緩,減柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao),方(fang)形(xing)抹棱金柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、山柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),檐(yan)(yan)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)收殺、側(ce)腳,柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)卷剎顯著,設(she)欄額普拍枋。用材(cai)自然粗放,面不規整,圓木(mu)(mu)稍加砍制便使用,采用乳(ru)栿對四(si)椽(chuan)栿,栿上兩蜀(shu)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(有方(fang)形(xing)、圓形(xing))上有大(da)斗(dou),平梁(liang)座于斗(dou)內,縱(zong)向出栱(gong)托(tuo)(tuo)替木(mu)(mu)、承(cheng)金檁(lin),蜀(shu)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)間由縱(zong)向襻間枋連接。平梁(liang)上設(she)插(cha)手,脊(ji)瓜柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)下(xia)設(she)置合(he)■,上承(cheng)大(da)斗(dou)捧接令栱(gong)、替木(mu)(mu)承(cheng)托(tuo)(tuo)脊(ji)檁(lin)。侏(zhu)儒柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)下(xia)插(cha)合(he)■,蜀(shu)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)下(xia)用駝峰,合(he)■、駝峰兼而用之(zhi)的做(zuo)法較為(wei)少(shao)見。各(ge)縫梁(liang)架(jia)結構處理(li)一致,四(si)椽(chuan)栿插(cha)入(ru)后墻內設(she)后檐(yan)(yan)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)承(cheng)托(tuo)(tuo),椽(chuan)頭(tou)卷剎明顯。墻體均為(wei)坎磨青灰磚(zhuan)砌(qi)筑,正面兩次(ci)間設(she)坎墻,兩山墻及后墻均砌(qi)至檐(yan)(yan)口(kou)。
柱頭(tou)斗栱:五鋪作,單抄單下昂(ang),耍頭(tou)昂(ang)形,重(zhong)拱計心造。里轉四鋪作,出華拱一挑(tiao),第二跳(tiao)昂(ang)后尾(wei)作雀替狀承托乳(ru)(ru)栿(fa)。正身(shen)耍頭(tou)為真昂(ang)與令拱相交上承隨檁(lin)枋、檁(lin)檐(yan),后尾(wei)由乳(ru)(ru)栿(fa)駝峰(feng)承托,上座大斗,下承金檁(lin),在結構中起著重(zhong)要(yao)的作用(yong)。
明(ming)間(jian)補間(jian)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)栱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong):五(wu)鋪作,單抄單下(xia)昂(ang),重拱計心造(zao)。櫨斗(dou)(dou)(dou)作圓形,共12瓣,第(di)一跳華(hua)栱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)兩(liang)(liang)側出45°斜(xie)栱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),第(di)二跳下(xia)昂(ang)兩(liang)(liang)側出45°斜(xie)栱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)兩(liang)(liang)縫(feng),令栱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)加長,正身為(wei)(wei)昂(ang),兩(liang)(liang)側45°出兩(liang)(liang)縫(feng)耍頭(tou),上(shang)(shang)承(cheng)隨檁枋(fang)、檐(yan)檁里轉五(wu)鋪作,偷心造(zao)。華(hua)栱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)兩(liang)(liang)側45°斜(xie)出耍頭(tou),上(shang)(shang)昂(ang)后尾插(cha)入垂(chui)連(lian)柱,上(shang)(shang)承(cheng)金(jin)(jin)檁。它(ta)和五(wu)臺山(shan)佛光寺文(wen)殊殿明(ming)間(jian)補間(jian)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)栱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)形制如(ru)出一轍(che)。這種在45°角線上(shang)(shang)出龐大的(de)斜(xie)栱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)兩(liang)(liang)縫(feng),第(di)二跳加至(zhi)四縫(feng),使斗(dou)(dou)(dou)栱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)形狀如(ru)同怒放的(de)花束,是遼金(jin)(jin)兩(liang)(liang)代斗(dou)(dou)(dou)栱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)獨有(you)的(de)構(gou)造(zao)特征,金(jin)(jin)代尤為(wei)(wei)顯著。
次間補間斗(dou)(dou)栱:正身(shen)與明間結構(gou)基本(ben)一(yi)致,唯櫨斗(dou)(dou)作(zuo)六瓣,二、三(san)跳45°斜栱耍頭一(yi)縫,三(san)令(ling)栱作(zuo)鴛(yuan)鴦交首(shou)狀,出斜栱。
金(jin)柱斗(dou)栱:四鋪作,設(she)欄額,斗(dou)栱十字相交,承托四椽栿(fa)與乳(ru)栿(fa)結點(dian),縱向(xiang)有襻間枋(fang)。正(zheng)(zheng)身栱做雀(que)替狀施于乳(ru)栿(fa)下。從結構上看,正(zheng)(zheng)殿主要構件是金(jin)代物(wu)。
東西(xi)耳殿各三(san)間(jian),通面闊7.5米,前插廊,單(dan)檐(yan)硬山(shan)頂,縱(zong)向磚券窯洞。面為(wei)三(san)間(jian)實為(wei)一間(jian),明間(jian)后(hou)墻砌拱(gong)形神(shen)龕,布筒(tong)板(ban)瓦,脊(ji)為(wei)雕龍圖案。
東西配(pei)殿(dian)(dian)及(ji)廂房分設(she)于大殿(dian)(dian)、戲臺與山(shan)門(men)兩側,均為硬(ying)山(shan)式建筑,自北(bei)而南配(pei)殿(dian)(dian)五間(jian)(jian)有(you)前廊,中間(jian)(jian)三間(jian)(jian),南端三間(jian)(jian),建筑已被修改得面目全非(fei),唯(wei)東側中間(jian)(jian)三間(jian)(jian)可看出清(qing)代樣式。
正殿(dian)前(qian)臺基上,東西各蹲(dun)一石獅(shi),被移至學校(xiao)門(men)前(qian)。廟中(zhong)碑刻在“文革”期間遺失,現今還沒(mei)有(you)找到其創始年代的文字記載。
龍王(wang)廟布(bu)局規(gui)整對稱,保存(cun)完整,“神殿與戲(xi)(xi)臺(tai)結(jie)合構(gou)成神廟,是北宋以(yi)(yi)后中國(guo)(guo)本土宗教場(chang)所的(de)(de)(de)顯著(zhu)特征。”他們(men)結(jie)合的(de)(de)(de)思(si)(si)想基礎是孔(kong)子的(de)(de)(de)“興于禮,成于樂(le)(le)”的(de)(de)(de)禮樂(le)(le)觀(guan),神殿象征著(zhu)禮,戲(xi)(xi)臺(tai)象征著(zhu)樂(le)(le),禮樂(le)(le)是祭(ji)(ji)祀的(de)(de)(de)兩面。“無(wu)(wu)戲(xi)(xi)樓則廟貌不(bu)稱,無(wu)(wu)戲(xi)(xi)樓則觀(guan)瞻(zhan)不(bu)雅”,沒有戲(xi)(xi)臺(tai),“不(bu)惟戲(xi)(xi)無(wu)(wu)以(yi)(yi)演,神無(wu)(wu)以(yi)(yi)奉,抑且為一村之羞也,這種思(si)(si)想體現(xian)了“禮以(yi)(yi)節(jie)人,樂(le)(le)以(yi)(yi)和人”的(de)(de)(de)禮樂(le)(le)制度對中國(guo)(guo)社(she)會的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)。晉東南地區多神廟,每年的(de)(de)(de)雩祭(ji)(ji)儀式和春祈秋報相(xiang)結(jie)合,造就了當地以(yi)(yi)取水(shui)求(qiu)雨為主旨(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)獨特的(de)(de)(de)賽社(she)活(huo)動。
農業社會,人(ren)們(men)大的(de)企盼(pan)就(jiu)是(shi)風調(diao)雨順,來年(nian)能(neng)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)好收成(cheng)。龍(long)(long)(long)王作為(wei)司雨水之(zhi)神(shen),便(bian)格外受到(dao)(dao)人(ren)們(men)的(de)尊崇。早在(zai)秦始皇(huang)時(shi),就(jiu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)“黃(huang)帝得(de)土(tu)德,黃(huang)龍(long)(long)(long)地(di)寅見。夏得(de)木德,青(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)止于郊(jiao)……今秦變周,水德之(zhi)時(shi)。昔秦文(wen)公出獵,獲黑龍(long)(long)(long),此(ci)(ci)其(qi)(qi)水德之(zhi)瑞”的(de)記(ji)載。到(dao)(dao)漢代,民間出現了(le)以五(wu)(wu)色(se)龍(long)(long)(long)祈雨的(de)習俗。《唐志》:“上黨有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)五(wu)(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)。”《十六國春(chun)秋》:“西(xi)燕慕容永時(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)五(wu)(wu)色(se)云見于此(ci)(ci),遇(yu)旱禱(dao)雨輒應(ying),因置(zhi)祠以祀五(wu)(wu)方(fang)之(zhi)神(shen)。”據(ju)《宋會要輯稿》記(ji)載:“國朝緣唐祭五(wu)(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)之(zhi)制,春(chun)秋常(chang)行其(qi)(qi)祀。先是(shi)熙寧十年(nian)八月(yue)信州(zhou)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)五(wu)(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)廟(miao)(miao),禱(dao)雨有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)應(ying),賜額(e)曰:‘會應(ying)’。自(zi)是(shi)五(wu)(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)廟(miao)(miao)皆以此(ci)(ci)名額(e)云。徽宗大觀二年(nian)十月(yue),詔天下五(wu)(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)廟(miao)(miao)皆封王爵。青(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)神(shen)封廣(guang)仁王,赤龍(long)(long)(long)神(shen)封嘉澤(ze)(ze)王,黃(huang)龍(long)(long)(long)神(shen)封孚應(ying)王,白龍(long)(long)(long)神(shen)封義濟王,黑龍(long)(long)(long)神(shen)封靈(ling)澤(ze)(ze)王。”龍(long)(long)(long)王由民俗之(zhi)神(shen)上升為(wei)祀典之(zhi)神(shen),為(wei)龍(long)(long)(long)王修(xiu)建廟(miao)(miao)宇成(cheng)為(wei)理所當然的(de)事情,龍(long)(long)(long)王廟(miao)(miao)往(wang)往(wang)建在(zai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泉、池、井(jing)的(de)地(di)方(fang),因為(wei)這(zhe)里(li)能(neng)“禱(dao)雨而(er)應(ying)”。晉東南(nan)的(de)府州(zhou)縣志及現存石刻(ke),到(dao)(dao)處(chu)都有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)禱(dao)取“神(shen)水”而(er)“靈(ling)應(ying)”降雨的(de)記(ji)錄。潞城東邑龍(long)(long)(long)王廟(miao)(miao)山(shan)門西(xi)側(ce)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)井(jing),應(ying)為(wei)禱(dao)雨取水之(zhi)池。
雩祭作為(wei)一種祈雨的儀式,分為(wei)官辦和(he)民辦兩類。
從商周(zhou)開始,祭祀便和禮樂(le)相伴,是國(guo)(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要行(xing)為(wei)。官方(fang)主(zhu)持的(de)(de)(de)祭祀活動正式莊重(zhong)(zhong)、規范(fan)高雅。而(er)這(zhe)種帶有(you)(you)宗教色彩(cai)的(de)(de)(de)禮樂(le)祭祀在(zai)(zai)轉變為(wei)民間(jian)集體行(xing)為(wei)時,往(wang)往(wang)帶有(you)(you)了娛樂(le)游戲(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)成分(fen)。“祭禮”漸漸演(yan)變成“戲(xi)(xi)禮”(蘇東(dong)坡語(yu))。學(xue)者王國(guo)(guo)維在(zai)(zai)論及上(shang)古戲(xi)(xi)劇(ju)時說:“巫之事(shi)神(shen)(shen),必用歌(ge)舞(wu)”,“歌(ge)舞(wu)之興,其(qi)始于古之巫乎?”在(zai)(zai)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)祭儀式中(zhong),女巫擔任主(zhu)角(jiao)。廖奔(ben)先生(sheng)認為(wei)“雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)祭的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)在(zai)(zai)于‘以舞(wu)降神(shen)(shen)’以祈雨(yu),其(qi)中(zhong)歌(ge)舞(wu)媚神(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)(de)成分(fen)比較(jiao)大,它出(chu)(chu)現在(zai)(zai)農(nong)業文明興起之后。”歷史(shi)的(de)(de)(de)積淀(dian)和文化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)濾,“歌(ge)舞(wu)媚神(shen)(shen)”已演(yan)變為(wei)歌(ge)舞(wu)娛人,民間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)迎(ying)神(shen)(shen)賽社(she)卻呈現出(chu)(chu)公(gong)眾性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)狂歡。人們(men)在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)種周(zhou)期性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)儀式中(zhong)舒展著疲憊的(de)(de)(de)身心,釋(shi)放著壓抑的(de)(de)(de)情感。和官辦雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)祭枯(ku)燥乏味相比,民間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)祭儀式要熱鬧得多(duo)。
潞城東邑村龍王(wang)(wang)廟的(de)(de)迎神(shen)賽社定(ding)在每年農(nong)歷二月初(chu)二和六月初(chu)六,二月二是(shi)傳統龍抬頭的(de)(de)日子,因為二月初(chu)處于(yu)驚蟄前后,蟄伏一冬的(de)(de)各種(zhong)(zhong)動物恢復活力,龍也(ye)要(yao)蘇醒(xing)過來履(lv)行它降(jiang)雨的(de)(de)職(zhi)責。從(cong)時(shi)節上來說,二月進入仲春(chun)季節,這時(shi)陽氣(qi)上升,大地復蘇,春(chun)耕(geng)播種(zhong)(zhong)非常需要(yao)土壤濕(shi)潤,保有(you)水分,若是(shi)天公降(jiang)雨,無疑是(shi)農(nong)民的(de)(de)一大福祉。六月初(chu)六正(zheng)值谷物秀而(er)未實(shi),或實(shi)而(er)未堅,農(nong)夫希(xi)望普降(jiang)甘霖,秋天才會(hui)獲得豐收。另外,如果禱雨而(er)應,祈得甘澤,也(ye)應演戲酬(chou)報,謝過龍王(wang)(wang)。
祈雨之前(qian),會首要(yao)做許多(duo)準備工作(zuo)(zuo),安排好求雨、演戲、社火(huo)等各項(xiang)事宜(yi)。主(zhu)禮(li)通常由陰陽先生(sheng)擔任(ren),廚師(shi)負責(ze)煮花祭、備供饌,祭樂樂戶承應,執役村民分管,鄉(xiang)人表演社火(huo)。可以說,不分貧富貴賤,不論階層行業,全民都參與(yu)到祭祀與(yu)狂(kuang)歡之中,勞(lao)作(zuo)(zuo)的辛苦得到釋(shi)放,情感得以宣泄。
廟(miao)會通常五天。第一(yi)(yi)天是隆重(zhong)的祈雨儀(yi)(yi)式(shi)和社火表演。第一(yi)(yi)項(xiang)是祭(ji)拜(bai)取(qu)水。會首帶領(ling)男村民,人(ren)人(ren)頭(tou)帶柳圈,手執柳條(tiao),依次進入龍(long)王(wang)廟(miao)正(zheng)殿,專(zhuan)人(ren)端上(shang)花(hua)祭(ji)、供(gong)饌及長頸陶(tao)瓶,上(shang)香跪(gui)拜(bai),三禮九叩,肅穆虔禱。龍(long)王(wang)坐像近一(yi)(yi)米高,木(mu)架支成空心(xin),泥塑,涂以(yi)油彩,黑臉,雙目迥然(ran)。拜(bai)畢,會首手捧(peng)陶(tao)瓶,舉過頭(tou)頂,領(ling)村民走至山門左側井口旁,用紅(hong)繩系瓶口,徐(xu)徐(xu)放如井中,俯首噤聲,點燃香枝,頻頻叩首。禮畢,將(jiang)紅(hong)繩系到旁邊的柳樹上(shang),等待龍(long)王(wang)賜雨。曬(shai)龍(long)王(wang)儀(yi)(yi)式(shi)結(jie)束后,恭恭敬(jing)敬(jing)地取(qu)回(hui)神(shen)水,供(gong)奉在大殿的供(gong)桌上(shang)。井水旱(han)不(bu)枯,澇不(bu)溢(yi),在民間傳說中被認(ren)為(wei)是通向神(shen)秘世界東(dong)海龍(long)王(wang)居所的海眼。
第二(er)項(xiang)是(shi)熱(re)鬧的(de)曬(shai)龍王巡街活(huo)動(dong)。幾個年輕力壯的(de)小(xiao)伙子將龍王爺(ye)抬到坐(zuo)架上(shang),扛著出(chu)(chu)行,因為(wei)是(shi)為(wei)民求(qiu)雨,大家(jia)都很樂于出(chu)(chu)力。八音會(hui)細吹細打,在前面鳴鑼開道,龍王爺(ye)緊隨其(qi)(qi)后(hou),會(hui)首帶領(ling)眾鄉(xiang)親(qin)浩(hao)(hao)浩(hao)(hao)蕩(dang)蕩(dang)從龍王廟出(chu)(chu)發,順街出(chu)(chu)村,沿田間地壟到附近(jin)的(de)三(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)腦祭拜,然后(hou)返回(hui),把龍王爺(ye)放回(hui)正殿。三(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)腦已無遺跡可考,但當(dang)地的(de)百(bai)姓(xing)認為(wei)三(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)主(zhu)(zhu)管一切(qie)神靈,所(suo)以龍王出(chu)(chu)動(dong)一次,有必(bi)要祭拜三(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)。三(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)有上(shang)三(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)、中三(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)、下(xia)三(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)的(de)說法。上(shang)三(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)指天皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)、地皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)、人(ren)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang),他們是(shi)傳說中天、地、人(ren)的(de)祖先,其(qi)(qi)中天皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)主(zhu)(zhu)氣,地皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)主(zhu)(zhu)德,人(ren)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)主(zhu)(zhu)生。中三(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)為(wei)伏羲(xi)、女媧、神農。下(xia)三(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)是(shi)黃帝、堯、舜。
曬龍(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)儀式(shi),大(da)(da)概(gai)源于(yu)幾(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)想法:第(di)一(yi)(yi),龍(long)(long)(long)(long)是(shi)(shi)喜靜(jing)不喜動(dong)的動(dong)物,平(ping)時(shi)潛居幽(you)深的龍(long)(long)(long)(long)洞、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)泉(quan)、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)井之中,現(xian)在(zai)敲鑼打鼓這(zhe)么一(yi)(yi)鬧騰(teng),便會興風作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)浪(lang),布雨(yu)降霖。第(di)二,龍(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)司雨(yu)之神,應該讓它及時(shi)了解民間旱情(qing),不能(neng)褻(xie)守瀆職,不管(guan)老百姓疾苦(ku)。第(di)三,龍(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)爺怕熱,被(bei)放在(zai)太陽下(xia)暴(bao)曬,曬出(chu)汗了,流(liu)到人間便是(shi)(shi)甘(gan)露。考究曬龍(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)習(xi)俗(su)的由來,龔維英先生認為(wei)讓龍(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)受(shou)苦(ku)源于(yu)讓巫覡受(shou)苦(ku)。他說:“本世50年(nian)代初期,農民抗旱,尚‘烤龍(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)’求雨(yu),即曝巫之遺存。”但把龍(long)(long)(long)(long)當(dang)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)巫覡,似(si)乎有點勉強。苑利(li)先生認為(wei):“曬龍(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)實際上(shang)源于(yu)上(shang)古另一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)更(geng)古老的習(xi)俗(su)——造(zao)土(tu)(tu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)。”但為(wei)什么造(zao)土(tu)(tu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)會致(zhi)(zhi)雨(yu),不得而知。《淮(huai)南子·墜形(xing)訓》云:“土(tu)(tu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)致(zhi)(zhi)雨(yu)。”高誘注曰:“湯遭旱,作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)土(tu)(tu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)以(yi)象龍(long)(long)(long)(long),云從龍(long)(long)(long)(long),故致(zhi)(zhi)雨(yu)也。”《山海經·大(da)(da)荒(huang)東經》曰:“旱而為(wei)應龍(long)(long)(long)(long)之狀,乃(nai)得大(da)(da)雨(yu)。”說得就是(shi)(shi)造(zao)土(tu)(tu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)求雨(yu)。宋(song)真(zhen)宗(zong)咸(xian)平(ping)元年(nian)(998年(nian)),“內出(chu)李祈(qi)雨(yu)法,以(yi)甲乙日擇東方地作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)壇,取土(tu)(tu)造(zao)青(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)(long),詣龍(long)(long)(long)(long)所(suo)汲流(liu)水。”有可能(neng)是(shi)(shi)因為(wei)土(tu)(tu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)是(shi)(shi)用泥做(zuo)的,需(xu)要在(zai)太陽下(xia)暴(bao)曬才可定形(xing),所(suo)以(yi)有了曬龍(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)風俗(su)。
接(jie)下來是比較(jiao)刺(ci)激的(de)(de)斬旱(han)(han)魃(ba)儀式。旱(han)(han)魃(ba)是中國(guo)神話中干(gan)旱(han)(han)的(de)(de)制(zhi)造者,《詩經·云漢(han)》有(you)語“旱(han)(han)魃(ba)為(wei)虐,如(ru)焱如(ru)焚(fen)”。旱(han)(han)魃(ba)的(de)(de)制(zhi)作方法很簡單,用(yong)樹枝做個身子(zi)骨架,外面(mian)用(yong)彩紙(zhi)糊裱,菜瓜(gua)做頭,掏空瓜(gua)瓤,注進紅水(shui),封嚴。把(ba)旱(han)(han)魃(ba)放到(dao)平板車上,沿街游行(xing),回(hui)到(dao)龍王廟后,主禮(li)歷數旱(han)(han)魃(ba)的(de)(de)種種罪(zui)狀,然后一(yi)聲(sheng)喝令,旁邊手執(zhi)利刃(ren)的(de)(de)小伙子(zi)一(yi)刀砍下旱(han)(han)魃(ba)的(de)(de)頭,“鮮血”淋漓。不過現在旱(han)(han)魃(ba)的(de)(de)制(zhi)作多了幾分(fen)游戲的(de)(de)心態(tai),紙(zhi)糊的(de)(de)旱(han)(han)魃(ba)身子(zi)里填滿(man)鞭炮,頭應聲(sheng)倒(dao)地之后,身子(zi)也噼里啪啦燃燒起來,頗(po)為(wei)刺(ci)激。百姓(xing)認(ren)為(wei)除(chu)掉旱(han)(han)魃(ba),才(cai)會風調雨順,五谷豐(feng)登。
最后進行的(de)是紅火熱鬧(nao)的(de)社火表演(yan),“扛(kang)裝”、“晃杠(gang)”、“踩蹺”是傳(chuan)統的(de)表演(yan)項目(mu),下面逐一介紹。
扛裝(zhuang):一成年男(nan)(nan)子(zi)肩負(fu)鐵架,架上安一根1米多長的(de)(de)鐵棍(gun),棍(gun)端橫(heng)懸一圓形支架,支架的(de)(de)下(xia)端是用布做成的(de)(de)卡通動物(wu),一位五六歲的(de)(de)兒童(tong)(tong)輕坐于(yu)上,臉(lian)部化裝(zhuang)成戲劇角(jiao)色,頭戴花(hua)冠,花(hua)冠左右插兩翎,身(shen)披斗(dou)篷,腰系裙子(zi),腳穿繡花(hua)鞋,手拿扇(shan)子(zi)、花(hua)束,隨著八音會的(de)(de)伴奏,男(nan)(nan)子(zi)和兒童(tong)(tong)有韻律地(di)擺動。
晃杠(gang):最下(xia)端(duan)是(shi)一(yi)木箱,內(nei)裝石塊或鐵(tie)等沉重物,外飾(shi)彩繪。木箱正中豎插(cha)木桿,木桿上豎著(zhu)固定三(san)面(mian)大鏡(jing)(jing)子(zi)(zi),每面(mian)大鏡(jing)(jing)子(zi)(zi)的左右(you)橫著(zhu)固定兩(liang)面(mian)小(xiao)鏡(jing)(jing)子(zi)(zi),鏡(jing)(jing)子(zi)(zi)周圍用(yong)彩綢花束裝飾(shi),鏡(jing)(jing)子(zi)(zi)之間書寫(xie)“國泰民安”、“風調雨(yu)順(shun)”、“祈福報功”等字樣,最上端(duan)插(cha)雞毛(mao)撣子(zi)(zi)。木箱前后橫插(cha)一(yi)杠(gang),由兩(liang)青年面(mian)對面(mian)抬著(zhu),前后左右(you)四人拽著(zhu)木桿上端(duan)垂(chui)下(xia)來的繩子(zi)(zi)保持平衡。
踩蹺(qiao)(qiao):潞城境內廣泛流(liu)行,演員腳踩蹺(qiao)(qiao)棍(gun),裝扮成戲曲人物(wu),在(zai)八音會伴奏(zou)下邊唱邊舞。踩的(de)木棍(gun)在(zai)三尺以(yi)(yi)下的(de)叫小蹺(qiao)(qiao),三尺以(yi)(yi)上的(de)叫高(gao)蹺(qiao)(qiao),有(you)的(de)高(gao)蹺(qiao)(qiao)演員能在(zai)空中(zhong)表演各種動(dong)作。
雩祭儀式肅穆隆(long)重,百戲社火熱烈歡(huan)騰,廟外廣場(chang)和街(jie)道人(ren)山人(ren)海。
第二(er)天正(zheng)式(shi)演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),同時廟會(hui)進行(xing),為期三(san)天。馮(feng)俊杰先生考證:“晉東南‘謝雨’演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),也有(you)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)風俗習(xi)慣。首(shou)先是(shi)(shi)(shi)由值年總(zong)社(she)首(shou)‘寫戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)’,即聘請戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)班,點劃(hua)劇(ju)目(mu),并(bing)(bing)(bing)與戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)班科(ke)頭簽訂演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)合同;然(ran)后(hou)再對戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)班提出(chu)(chu)許多戒(jie)條,張(zhang)榜公布;戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)班也要(yao)(yao)張(zhang)貼告白榜文,以聲(sheng)明(ming)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)符合祀典。”現在(zai)(zai)儀式(shi)有(you)所簡化,但演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)熱情卻很高(gao)漲(zhang)。在(zai)(zai)唱(chang)(chang)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)之前,有(you)專人拿扎了紅綢的(de)(de)竹掃(sao)帚到(dao)村的(de)(de)四角打掃(sao),掃(sao)除旱(han)役和災難。然(ran)后(hou)樂班鳴鑼(luo)響鞭,正(zheng)式(shi)開(kai)(kai)演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),先演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)賽(sai)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)再演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)大(da)(da)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。賽(sai)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)給(gei)(gei)龍王,大(da)(da)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)唱(chang)(chang)給(gei)(gei)百姓(xing)(xing)。賽(sai)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種頭戴(dai)(dai)假面,綜合儺儀和春社(she)祭祀的(de)(de)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)劇(ju)演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)。大(da)(da)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)指的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)當地(di)(di)(di)流行(xing)的(de)(de)上黨(dang)梆子。賽(sai)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)唱(chang)(chang)腔(qiang)很簡單(dan)(dan),只是(shi)(shi)(shi)念白朗誦向歌唱(chang)(chang)過渡的(de)(de)原始形(xing)態,有(you)固(gu)定的(de)(de)演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)劇(ju)目(mu)《調(diao)鬼》和《斬旱(han)魃(ba)》。《調(diao)鬼》是(shi)(shi)(shi)開(kai)(kai)臺(tai)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)員頭戴(dai)(dai)面具,扮七鬼,先在(zai)(zai)臺(tai)下(xia)后(hou)在(zai)(zai)臺(tai)上跳躍,聽候調(diao)鬼師(城隍)訓(xun)誡。城隍奉玉帝旨意,下(xia)得天庭,調(diao)來(lai)諸鬼神,逐(zhu)一(yi)(yi)囑咐,要(yao)(yao)他(ta)們各保(bao)一(yi)(yi)方(fang),風調(diao)雨順。《斬旱(han)魃(ba)》劇(ju)情簡單(dan)(dan),演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)趙萬年忤逆不孝(xiao)事,不久(jiu)變成旱(han)魃(ba),穿短(duan)褲,束紅腰(yao)帶,光膀子,頭戴(dai)(dai)鮮羊(yang)肚,手端一(yi)(yi)碗羊(yang)血(xue),被四大(da)(da)天神趕下(xia)臺(tai)來(lai),直奔觀(guan)眾,觀(guan)眾立即吶喊(han)、圍追(zhui),并(bing)(bing)(bing)以土塊拋打。旱(han)魃(ba)以手灑(sa)羊(yang)血(xue)開(kai)(kai)道,并(bing)(bing)(bing)可任意抓(zhua)取、拋灑(sa)商販貨(huo)攤上的(de)(de)食物。最后(hou),旱(han)魃(ba)又(you)被四大(da)(da)天王追(zhui)回舞臺(tai)斬首(shou)。其實(shi)這出(chu)(chu)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)社(she)火(huo)中的(de)(de)斬旱(han)魃(ba)的(de)(de)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)劇(ju)樣式(shi),現在(zai)(zai)風調(diao)雨順,五谷豐登,有(you)時也被其他(ta)傳統劇(ju)目(mu)代替,如(ru)《華容道》、《單(dan)(dan)刀(dao)會(hui)》、《二(er)仙傳道》、《叢臺(tai)設宴(yan)》等。接下(xia)來(lai)便是(shi)(shi)(shi)唱(chang)(chang)大(da)(da)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),當地(di)(di)(di)百姓(xing)(xing)稱(cheng)上黨(dang)梆子為大(da)(da)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),上黨(dang)梆子形(xing)成于澤(ze)州(zhou),以演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)唱(chang)(chang)梆子腔(qiang)為主,兼唱(chang)(chang)昆(kun)曲、皮黃、羅羅腔(qiang)、卷戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),俗稱(cheng)昆(kun)梆羅卷黃。唱(chang)(chang)腔(qiang)高(gao)亢明(ming)朗、粗獷樸實(shi)、直出(chu)(chu)直入(ru)、強烈激越。當地(di)(di)(di)人愛(ai)聽的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)楊家(jia)將、岳家(jia)將等武戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),如(ru)《三(san)關(guan)(guan)排(pai)宴(yan)》、《天波樓》、《雁門關(guan)(guan)》、《闖幽州(zhou)》等,趙樹理曾說:“從家(jia)里(li)到(dao)野(ye)地(di)(di)(di),到(dao)處(chu)唱(chang)(chang)起干梆戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。”可見梆子腔(qiang)在(zai)(zai)當地(di)(di)(di)很受歡(huan)迎(ying)。
潞城東邑(yi)龍(long)王廟廟會(hui)(hui)涵蓋了晉(jin)東南地區(qu)迎(ying)神(shen)賽社諸多儀式,如取水、曬龍(long)王、斬旱(han)魃(ba)、百(bai)戲社火(huo)、迎(ying)神(shen)演劇(ju)等。農業社會(hui)(hui),人們(men)把(ba)希望求助于神(shen)靈,雩祭(ji)和春(chun)祈秋報無(wu)論對國(guo)家還是(shi)百(bai)姓都是(shi)重要的(de)事宜(yi),在這(zhe)(zhe)種祭(ji)祀儀式中(zhong),祭(ji)祀禮(li)儀、百(bai)戲雜陳、戲劇(ju)演出都是(shi)奉獻給(gei)神(shen)靈的(de)藝術供品。民間(jian)把(ba)所(suo)有這(zhe)(zhe)些娛(yu)神(shen)又娛(yu)人的(de)活動統稱為“社火(huo)”。宋(song)代范成(cheng)大《上(shang)元紀(ji)吳(wu)中(zhong)節物(wu)俳(pai)諧體(ti)三十二韻(yun)》:“輕薄(bo)行歌過,癲狂(kuang)社舞狂(kuang)。”自注:“民間(jian)鼓(gu)樂謂之社火(huo),不可悉記(ji),大抵(di)以滑稽取笑(xiao)。”上(shang)黨地區(qu)的(de)迎(ying)神(shen)賽社能夠生(sheng)生(sheng)不息,繁衍千年(nian)而不衰,是(shi)因為人們(men)在宗教(jiao)祭(ji)祀和官方禮(li)儀中(zhong)找到(dao)了緩解疲勞舒展身心的(de)通道,他們(men)等待著這(zhe)(zhe)種周(zhou)期性(xing)的(de)、年(nian)復一年(nian)的(de)盛宴(yan)到(dao)來,呈現著真實(shi)的(de)民眾(zhong)狂(kuang)歡和世俗娛(yu)樂。
建筑
現(xian)存主(zhu)要殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)宇屬于明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)清時期(qi)的(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)格(ge)。廟(miao)坐北向南,共(gong)為(wei)(wei)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)進(jin)(jin)院(yuan)落(luo)(luo),中(zhong)(zhong)軸線上(shang)有(you)(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)(men),戲(xi)樓(lou)(lou)、正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),兩(liang)(liang)(liang)側有(you)(you)耳殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、廂房等(deng),共(gong)有(you)(you)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)宇33間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)(men)位居(ju)廟(miao)前(qian)(qian)、面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),進(jin)(jin)深(shen)(shen)(shen)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),單(dan)(dan)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)懸(xuan)(xuan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)(ding)。琉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)璃(li)脊(ji)(ji)獸(shou),筒板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。琉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)璃(li)以黃(huang)綠紅三(san)(san)(san)(san)色為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),色彩艷(yan)(yan)麗。柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)科(ke)(ke)三(san)(san)(san)(san)踩斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)下(xia)昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang),昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)呈(cheng)琴(qin)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)式(shi)(shi),耍(shua)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)型(xing)(xing)。明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)次(ci)(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)各(ge)施(shi)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)科(ke)(ke),斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)科(ke)(ke)。明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)辟(pi)門(men)(men), 以作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)通(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)。倒座戲(xi)樓(lou)(lou)位居(ju)山(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)(men)之(zhi)后(hou)(hou),面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),進(jin)(jin)深(shen)(shen)(shen)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),上(shang)下(xia)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)層,下(xia)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)辟(pi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao),上(shang)建(jian)(jian)戲(xi)樓(lou)(lou),硬(ying)山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)(ding)。柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)科(ke)(ke)五(wu)(wu)踩斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)雙下(xia)昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang),昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)呈(cheng)琴(qin)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)式(shi)(shi),明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)次(ci)(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)各(ge)施(shi)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)科(ke)(ke)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)朵(duo)(duo)(duo),斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)形(xing)制同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)科(ke)(ke)。前(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)圓(yuan)(yuan)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)方(fang)額,結構精巧。屋頂(ding)(ding)琉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)璃(li)脊(ji)(ji)獸(shou),筒板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)布(bu)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)裝(zhuang)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu),古(gu)樸(pu)雅致。正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)廟(miao)內的(de)一(yi)個(ge)主(zhu)體建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu),建(jian)(jian)于高(gao)(gao)臺之(zhi)上(shang),廣(guang)深(shen)(shen)(shen)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),六架椽(chuan)屋,四(si)椽(chuan)栿(fa)對(dui)前(qian)(qian)乳(ru)栿(fa),通(tong)(tong)(tong)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)用三(san)(san)(san)(san)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),單(dan)(dan)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)懸(xuan)(xuan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)(ding)。斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)為(wei)(wei)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)高(gao)(gao)四(si)分之(zhi)一(yi),柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)升起與柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)側角明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)顯(xian)。柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)五(wu)(wu)鋪(pu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)單(dan)(dan)抄單(dan)(dan)下(xia)昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang),昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)為(wei)(wei)琴(qin)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)式(shi)(shi),耍(shua)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)型(xing)(xing)。明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)次(ci)(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)各(ge)施(shi)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)鋪(pu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)一(yi)朵(duo)(duo)(duo),出四(si)十(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)度斜拱(gong)(gong)(gong)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內四(si)椽(chuan)栿(fa)上(shang)置(zhi)平梁(liang),用脊(ji)(ji)瓜柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),大(da)叉手,梁(liang)架規整,結構簡(jian)練,雖經后(hou)(hou)人(ren)多(duo)次(ci)(ci)重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu),仍(reng)(reng)保(bao)留(liu)金(jin)(jin)代(dai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)格(ge)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)頂(ding)(ding)琉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)璃(li)脊(ji)(ji)獸(shou),筒板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)布(bu)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)裝(zhuang)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu),舉折平緩,出檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)深(shen)(shen)(shen)遠(yuan)。前(qian)(qian)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)破子(zi)欞窗,隔扇(shan)門(men)(men)裝(zhuang)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內三(san)(san)(san)(san)壁殘存人(ren)物故(gu)事(shi)(shi),壁畫依(yi)稀可見。整個(ge)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堂(tang)氣勢雄偉,古(gu)樸(pu)壯(zhuang)觀(guan)。 山(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)省重(zhong)點文物保(bao)護單(dan)(dan)位。在潞城(cheng)縣東(dong)南5千米處(chu)的(de)東(dong)邑(yi)鄉東(dong)邑(yi)村中(zhong)(zhong),東(dong)北緊(jin)依(yi)盧醫山(shan)(shan)(shan),西(xi)(xi)南與農舍(she)毗鄰居(ju),松柏(bo)蒼(cang)翠,綠樹成(cheng)蔭,景色十(shi)(shi)分優雅。該廟(miao)創(chuang)建(jian)(jian)年(nian)代(dai)不詳,金(jin)(jin)代(dai)以后(hou)(hou)多(duo)次(ci)(ci)重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)。現(xian)存主(zhu)要殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)宇屬于明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)清時期(qi)的(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)格(ge)。廟(miao)坐北向南,共(gong)為(wei)(wei)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)進(jin)(jin)院(yuan)落(luo)(luo),中(zhong)(zhong)軸線上(shang)有(you)(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)(men),戲(xi)樓(lou)(lou)、正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),兩(liang)(liang)(liang)側有(you)(you)耳殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、廂房等(deng),共(gong)有(you)(you)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)宇33間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)(men)位居(ju)廟(miao)前(qian)(qian)、面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),進(jin)(jin)深(shen)(shen)(shen)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),單(dan)(dan)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)懸(xuan)(xuan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)(ding)。琉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)璃(li)脊(ji)(ji)獸(shou),筒板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。琉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)璃(li)以黃(huang)綠紅三(san)(san)(san)(san)色為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),色彩艷(yan)(yan)麗。柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)科(ke)(ke)三(san)(san)(san)(san)踩斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)下(xia)昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang),昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)呈(cheng)琴(qin)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)式(shi)(shi),耍(shua)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)型(xing)(xing)。明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)次(ci)(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)各(ge)施(shi)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)科(ke)(ke),斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)科(ke)(ke)。明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)辟(pi)門(men)(men),以作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)通(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)。倒座戲(xi)樓(lou)(lou)位居(ju)山(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)(men)之(zhi)后(hou)(hou),面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),進(jin)(jin)深(shen)(shen)(shen)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),上(shang)下(xia)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)層,下(xia)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)辟(pi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao),上(shang)建(jian)(jian)戲(xi)樓(lou)(lou),硬(ying)山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)(ding)。柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)科(ke)(ke)五(wu)(wu)踩斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)雙下(xia)昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang),昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)呈(cheng)琴(qin)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)式(shi)(shi),明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)次(ci)(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)各(ge)施(shi)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)科(ke)(ke)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)朵(duo)(duo)(duo),斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)形(xing)制同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)科(ke)(ke)。前(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)圓(yuan)(yuan)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)方(fang)額,結構精巧。屋頂(ding)(ding)琉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)璃(li)脊(ji)(ji)獸(shou),筒板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)布(bu)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)裝(zhuang)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu),古(gu)樸(pu)雅致。正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)廟(miao)內的(de)一(yi)個(ge)主(zhu)體建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu),建(jian)(jian)于高(gao)(gao)臺之(zhi)上(shang),廣(guang)深(shen)(shen)(shen)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),六架椽(chuan)屋,四(si)椽(chuan)栿(fa)對(dui)前(qian)(qian)乳(ru)栿(fa),通(tong)(tong)(tong)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)用三(san)(san)(san)(san)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),單(dan)(dan)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)懸(xuan)(xuan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)(ding)。斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)為(wei)(wei)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)高(gao)(gao)四(si)分之(zhi)一(yi),柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)升起與柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)側角明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)顯(xian)。柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)五(wu)(wu)鋪(pu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)單(dan)(dan)抄單(dan)(dan)下(xia)昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang),昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)為(wei)(wei)琴(qin)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)式(shi)(shi),耍(shua)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)型(xing)(xing)。明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)次(ci)(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)各(ge)施(shi)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)鋪(pu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)一(yi)朵(duo)(duo)(duo),出四(si)十(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)度斜拱(gong)(gong)(gong)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內四(si)椽(chuan)栿(fa)上(shang)置(zhi)平梁(liang),用脊(ji)(ji)瓜柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),大(da)叉手,梁(liang)架規整,結構簡(jian)練,雖經后(hou)(hou)人(ren)多(duo)次(ci)(ci)重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu),仍(reng)(reng)保(bao)留(liu)金(jin)(jin)代(dai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)格(ge)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)頂(ding)(ding)琉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)璃(li)脊(ji)(ji)獸(shou),筒板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)布(bu)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)裝(zhuang)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu),舉折平緩,出檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)深(shen)(shen)(shen)遠(yuan)。前(qian)(qian)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)破子(zi)欞窗,隔扇(shan)門(men)(men)裝(zhuang)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內三(san)(san)(san)(san)壁殘存人(ren)物故(gu)事(shi)(shi),壁畫依(yi)稀可見。整個(ge)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堂(tang)氣勢雄偉,古(gu)樸(pu)壯(zhuang)觀(guan)。東(dong)邑(yi)村距縣城(cheng)東(dong)南約10里,古(gu)稱(cheng)黃(huang)邑(yi),舊(jiu)屬葛井鄉。龍王(wang)廟(miao)位于村東(dong)北,坐北面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)南,兩(liang)(liang)(liang)進(jin)(jin)院(yuan)落(luo)(luo)。入(ru)山(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)(men)靠西(xi)(xi)處(chu)有(you)(you)一(yi)眼水井,兩(liang)(liang)(liang)側各(ge)為(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)廂房,中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)甬道(dao)直通(tong)(tong)(tong)戲(xi)臺。
戲(xi)(xi)臺三間(jian),倒座式,即(ji)坐(zuo)南朝北,面向(xiang)正(zheng)殿,單檐硬山(shan)頂(ding),灰色瓦頂(ding)。上下兩層,下層為通道。戲(xi)(xi)臺前檐斗拱四(si)(si)鋪作(zuo)單下昂,卷云式昂頭(tou)。柱頭(tou)斗拱耍頭(tou)為象頭(tou),補間(jian)為龍頭(tou)。明間(jian)雀替(ti)為龍頭(tou),兩次間(jian)為象頭(tou)。梁(liang)架(jia)由四(si)(si)椽、平(ping)梁(liang)構成。梁(liang)架(jia)殘存部分有彩畫。
正(zheng)殿位于中(zhong)軸線最北端(duan),坐(zuo)落在長14.76米(mi)、寬(kuan)13.5米(mi)、高1米(mi)的臺基之上。正(zheng)殿三間,面闊13.24米(mi),進深(shen)11.97米(mi),單(dan)檐懸(xuan)山頂,灰瓦,大吻、垂(chui)獸、戧獸、套獸均(jun)為琉璃雕花,正(zheng)脊每面6條龍,垂(chui)脊雕鳳,均(jun)配飾牡丹,垂(chui)脊現(xian)剩一條脊剎,有(you)“嘉慶(qing)元年五月立”題(ti)記。
龍王(wang)廟布局規整對(dui)稱,保存完整,“神殿與戲臺(tai)結合構成神廟,是北宋(song)以后中國本土(tu)宗教場(chang)所的(de)顯著特征(zheng)”