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簡介

山西省重(zhong)點文物(wu)保護單位(wei)。在潞城縣東南(nan)5千米處的東邑鄉東邑村中，東北(bei)緊依盧醫(yi)山，西南(nan)與農舍(she)毗鄰(lin)居，松柏(bo)蒼翠，綠樹成蔭，景色十分優(you)雅。該廟創建年(nian)代(dai)(dai)不詳，金代(dai)(dai)以后多次重(zhong)修(xiu)。 始建年(nian)代(dai)(dai)不詳。廟坐北(bei)朝(chao)南(nan)，兩進(jin)院(yuan)落(luo)，存(cun)有(you)山門(men)、戲臺、正(zheng)殿，及耳(er)殿、廂房等。正(zheng)殿面闊(kuo)三間，進(jin)深六椽，單檐懸(xuan)山頂；因為后時屢有(you)修(xiu)繕，所以風格雜糅(rou)，但是殿內梁架保留(liu)了大叉(cha)手、平梁，基(ji)本保留(liu)了金代(dai)(dai)原建時的特點。

綜述

東(dong)(dong)(dong)邑(yi)村距(ju)縣城東(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)約5公里(li),古稱黃(huang)邑(yi),舊屬葛井鄉(xiang)。平順九天圣(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)廟(miao)碑(bei)《重修九天圣(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)廟(miao)記》中(zhong)記載：“古潞子嬰(ying)兒之(zhi)國東(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)數(shu)十(shi)(shi)里(li)有(you)葛井鄉(xiang)，鄉(xiang)之(zhi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)社曰圣(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)谷(gu)，谷(gu)之(zhi)四面，山(shan)明(ming)水秀，石怪(guai)木老，乃太行左也。”因“相傳(chuan)葛洪(hong)師事(shi)鮑元，學(xue)道于(yu)此”，故又名葛井山(shan)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)峪南(nan)山(shan)有(you)“神泉(quan)”，“俗(su)傳(chuan)里(li)人見一白虎入(ru)南(nan)山(shan)下，覓至(zhi)山(shan)不見，止(zhi)存一木箭(jian)，拔箭(jian)得水，故名。”這里(li)寺廟(miao)林立，古有(you)葛洪(hong)祠，即《潞州(zhou)潞城縣三池(chi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)圣(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)仙(xian)鄉(xiang)之(zhi)碑(bei)》所謂(wei)的“蓋井葛仙(xian)公煉(lian)藥(yao)之(zhi)宮”，還(huan)有(you)圓寂(ji)寺，“在潞城縣東(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)十(shi)(shi)里(li)葛井山(shan)下，唐(tang)天祐年(nian)建，今(jin)廢。”今(jin)存圣(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)廟(miao)、龍(long)王廟(miao)，可以想(xiang)象(xiang)到當(dang)年(nian)香火(huo)繚繞，云蒸霞蔚的景象(xiang)。

龍王(wang)廟位于村東北(bei)，東臨五(wu)道溝(gou)，坐北(bei)面南，俯(fu)臨村莊，兩進(jin)院落。山門(men)三間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，兩側(ce)連(lian)(lian)接八字影壁(bi)墻(qiang)，與兩側(ce)圍墻(qiang)貫通(tong)。入山門(men)靠西(xi)(xi)處有(you)一眼水井，和(he)祈雨(yu)有(you)關。山門(men)內兩側(ce)各(ge)(ge)(ge)為(wei)三間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)廂(xiang)房，中間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)甬(yong)道直(zhi)通(tong)戲(xi)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)，構成第(di)一院落，南北(bei)進(jin)深12.3米，東西(xi)(xi)寬16.7米;戲(xi)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)下為(wei)通(tong)道，上(shang)為(wei)三間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)倒(dao)座戲(xi)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)，正(zheng)殿與戲(xi)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)相對(dui)，以甬(yong)道相連(lian)(lian)，兩側(ce)為(wei)東西(xi)(xi)配殿各(ge)(ge)(ge)五(wu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)及廂(xiang)房各(ge)(ge)(ge)三間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，正(zheng)北(bei)為(wei)大殿三間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，東西(xi)(xi)耳(er)殿各(ge)(ge)(ge)三間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，構成第(di)二進(jin)院落。南北(bei)進(jin)深26.9米，東西(xi)(xi)寬16.7米。龍王(wang)廟布局(ju)規整有(you)序，符合中國傳統(tong)建筑以中軸線為(wei)主(zhu)，左(zuo)右對(dui)稱的布局(ju)格式。

山(shan)門三間(jian)(jian)，單檐硬山(shan)頂，面闊8.31米, 進深6.3米，明(ming)間(jian)(jian)中部設板門兩(liang)扇(shan)，前(qian)檐柱(zhu)頭斗(dou)栱(gong)四鋪作，單下昂(ang)(琴面)卷云耍頭，補間(jian)(jian)斗(dou)栱(gong)雙下昂(ang)，上昂(ang)后尾挑(tiao)入垂蓮柱(zhu)，上承(cheng)托在中金檁下皮，后檐為一(yi)斗(dou)三升(sheng)。梁(liang)架由四栿、平梁(liang)、插手構(gou)成，灰布瓦頂，磚木結(jie)構(gou)，從建筑(zhu)形制和藝(yi)術構(gou)件的特(te)征看，應是清代(dai)遺物。東側(ce)廂房用(yong)作伙房，西(xi)側(ce)廂房用(yong)作宿舍(she)，宿舍(she)門窗開(kai)向廟外，均(jun)拆改為現(xian)代(dai)建筑(zhu)。

戲(xi)臺(tai)(tai)三(san)間(jian)，倒(dao)座式，即坐(zuo)南朝北，面向正(zheng)(zheng)殿(dian)，面闊9.9、進(jin)深6.56米，單檐(yan)硬(ying)山(shan)頂，灰(hui)布(bu)瓦頂。上(shang)下兩層，下層為通道，通道頂部鋪木(mu)板，正(zheng)(zheng)面(面向山(shan)門)墻體(ti)直達檐(yan)口(kou)。中間(jian)開方形(xing)(xing)(xing)門，上(shang)部做拱形(xing)(xing)(xing)門頭，沙石(shi)材質，雕刻蓮(lian)花(hua)、龍、蓮(lian)瓣圖案，上(shang)方鑲“民生潤澤(ze)”石(shi)匾(0.75米×2.46米)一(yi)塊。背面(戲(xi)臺(tai)(tai)正(zheng)(zheng)面)，明間(jian)下部為長方形(xing)(xing)(xing)門洞(dong)，東(dong)側(ce)石(shi)砌臺(tai)(tai)階，可(ke)達上(shang)層。戲(xi)臺(tai)(tai)前檐(yan)斗栱四(si)鋪作單下昂，卷云式昂頭。柱頭斗栱耍(shua)頭為象頭，補間(jian)為龍頭。明間(jian)雀替為龍頭，兩次間(jian)為象頭。梁架由四(si)椽栿、平梁構(gou)成(cheng)。梁架殘(can)存部分(fen)有(you)彩畫(hua)，無壁(bi)畫(hua)。臺(tai)(tai)口(kou)被(bei)門窗壘砌封閉，兩側(ce)東(dong)西(xi)耳房已被(bei)拆除，但建筑和架檁的(de)痕跡清晰可(ke)辨(bian)，應為唱(chang)戲(xi)時(shi)化裝、休息的(de)場(chang)所(suo)。

正殿(dian)是龍(long)王廟主要的建筑，位于中軸(zhou)線北端，坐(zuo)落在長14.76、寬13.5、高1米(mi)的臺基之上，臺基東、西、南三(san)面設(she)(she)臺階。正殿(dian)三(san)間(jian)，面闊13.24、進深11.97米(mi)，單(dan)檐懸山頂，灰瓦，大吻(wen)、垂(chui)獸、戧獸、套獸均為琉(liu)璃(li)雕花(hua)，正脊每面6條(tiao)龍(long)，垂(chui)脊雕鳳，均配飾(shi)牡丹(dan)，可惜垂(chui)脊只留一(yi)條(tiao)脊剎，有“嘉慶元(yuan)年五月立”題記。明間(jian)設(she)(she)板門(men)(已毀)，兩次間(jian)為坎墻(qiang)直(zhi)欞(ling)窗(chuang)，明間(jian)覆盆柱(zhu)礎，青石(shi)(shi)淺雕云龍(long)圖(tu)案(an)，次間(jian)為方形石(shi)(shi)料(liao)基座。

砌(qi)上(shang)露明造(zao)，舉架(jia)平緩，減柱(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)，方形(xing)抹棱金柱(zhu)(zhu)、山(shan)柱(zhu)(zhu)，檐柱(zhu)(zhu)收殺、側腳，柱(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)卷剎顯(xian)著，設(she)欄額普(pu)拍枋(fang)(fang)。用(yong)材(cai)自然(ran)粗放，面不規整，圓木(mu)(mu)稍加砍(kan)制便使用(yong)，采用(yong)乳栿對四椽(chuan)栿，栿上(shang)兩蜀(shu)柱(zhu)(zhu)(有方形(xing)、圓形(xing))上(shang)有大斗(dou)，平梁(liang)(liang)座(zuo)于斗(dou)內，縱向出栱(gong)(gong)托替(ti)木(mu)(mu)、承(cheng)金檁，蜀(shu)柱(zhu)(zhu)間由縱向襻(pan)間枋(fang)(fang)連接(jie)。平梁(liang)(liang)上(shang)設(she)插(cha)手，脊瓜柱(zhu)(zhu)下(xia)設(she)置(zhi)合(he)(he)■，上(shang)承(cheng)大斗(dou)捧接(jie)令(ling)栱(gong)(gong)、替(ti)木(mu)(mu)承(cheng)托脊檁。侏儒(ru)柱(zhu)(zhu)下(xia)插(cha)合(he)(he)■，蜀(shu)柱(zhu)(zhu)下(xia)用(yong)駝峰(feng)，合(he)(he)■、駝峰(feng)兼而用(yong)之的做法較為少見(jian)。各縫梁(liang)(liang)架(jia)結構處理(li)一致，四椽(chuan)栿插(cha)入后(hou)墻內設(she)后(hou)檐柱(zhu)(zhu)承(cheng)托，椽(chuan)頭(tou)卷剎明顯(xian)。墻體(ti)均為坎磨青灰磚砌(qi)筑，正面兩次間設(she)坎墻，兩山(shan)墻及(ji)后(hou)墻均砌(qi)至檐口(kou)。

柱頭(tou)斗栱(gong)：五鋪(pu)作，單抄(chao)單下昂(ang)(ang)，耍頭(tou)昂(ang)(ang)形，重拱(gong)計心造。里轉四鋪(pu)作，出(chu)華(hua)拱(gong)一(yi)挑，第二跳昂(ang)(ang)后尾作雀替狀承(cheng)(cheng)托乳(ru)栿。正身耍頭(tou)為真昂(ang)(ang)與令拱(gong)相交上(shang)承(cheng)(cheng)隨檁(lin)枋、檁(lin)檐，后尾由乳(ru)栿駝峰承(cheng)(cheng)托，上(shang)座大斗，下承(cheng)(cheng)金檁(lin)，在結構中起著重要(yao)的作用。

明間補(bu)間斗(dou)(dou)(dou)栱(gong)(gong)：五(wu)鋪作，單抄單下(xia)(xia)昂，重拱(gong)計(ji)心造(zao)。櫨斗(dou)(dou)(dou)作圓形，共12瓣，第(di)一(yi)跳華栱(gong)(gong)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)側出(chu)(chu)45°斜栱(gong)(gong)，第(di)二(er)跳下(xia)(xia)昂兩(liang)(liang)(liang)側出(chu)(chu)45°斜栱(gong)(gong)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)縫(feng)，令(ling)栱(gong)(gong)加長，正身(shen)為昂，兩(liang)(liang)(liang)側45°出(chu)(chu)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)縫(feng)耍(shua)頭，上承(cheng)隨檁枋、檐檁里(li)轉五(wu)鋪作，偷(tou)心造(zao)。華栱(gong)(gong)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)側45°斜出(chu)(chu)耍(shua)頭，上昂后尾插入垂連柱(zhu)，上承(cheng)金(jin)檁。它和五(wu)臺山佛(fo)光寺文殊殿明間補(bu)間斗(dou)(dou)(dou)栱(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)形制如(ru)出(chu)(chu)一(yi)轍(che)。這種在(zai)45°角線上出(chu)(chu)龐大的(de)(de)(de)斜栱(gong)(gong)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)縫(feng)，第(di)二(er)跳加至四縫(feng)，使斗(dou)(dou)(dou)栱(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)形狀如(ru)同怒放的(de)(de)(de)花(hua)束，是遼金(jin)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)代斗(dou)(dou)(dou)栱(gong)(gong)獨有的(de)(de)(de)構造(zao)特征，金(jin)代尤為顯著。

次間(jian)補間(jian)斗栱：正身與明間(jian)結構基(ji)本一(yi)致(zhi)，唯櫨斗作(zuo)(zuo)六瓣，二、三跳45°斜(xie)栱耍(shua)頭(tou)一(yi)縫，三令栱作(zuo)(zuo)鴛鴦(yang)交首狀(zhuang)，出斜(xie)栱。

金柱斗(dou)栱：四鋪作，設(she)欄(lan)額，斗(dou)栱十字相交(jiao)，承托四椽栿(fa)與(yu)乳(ru)(ru)栿(fa)結點(dian)，縱(zong)向(xiang)有襻間枋。正身(shen)栱做雀替狀施于乳(ru)(ru)栿(fa)下。從結構上看，正殿主要構件是(shi)金代物。

東西耳殿(dian)各三(san)間(jian)(jian)，通面闊7.5米，前插(cha)廊(lang)，單檐硬山(shan)頂，縱向(xiang)磚券窯洞。面為(wei)(wei)三(san)間(jian)(jian)實為(wei)(wei)一間(jian)(jian)，明(ming)間(jian)(jian)后墻砌拱形神龕，布筒板瓦，脊為(wei)(wei)雕龍圖(tu)案(an)。

東(dong)西(xi)配殿及廂房分(fen)設(she)于大殿、戲臺(tai)與山門兩側(ce)，均為硬山式(shi)建筑，自北(bei)而南(nan)配殿五間(jian)(jian)有前廊，中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)三間(jian)(jian)，南(nan)端三間(jian)(jian)，建筑已被修改(gai)得面目全非，唯東(dong)側(ce)中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)三間(jian)(jian)可(ke)看出(chu)清代樣式(shi)。

正殿前(qian)臺基上，東西各(ge)蹲一石獅，被移至(zhi)學(xue)校門前(qian)。廟中碑刻在“文革”期間遺失，現今(jin)還沒有找到其創始年(nian)代的文字記載(zai)。

龍(long)王廟(miao)(miao)布局(ju)規整對稱，保存完(wan)整，“神殿(dian)與(yu)戲(xi)臺結(jie)合構(gou)成神廟(miao)(miao)，是北宋以(yi)后中國本(ben)土(tu)宗教場所的(de)(de)(de)(de)顯著特(te)征(zheng)(zheng)。”他們結(jie)合的(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)想基礎是孔子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“興于禮(li)(li)，成于樂(le)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)禮(li)(li)樂(le)觀，神殿(dian)象(xiang)征(zheng)(zheng)著禮(li)(li)，戲(xi)臺象(xiang)征(zheng)(zheng)著樂(le)，禮(li)(li)樂(le)是祭祀的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)面。“無戲(xi)樓(lou)則(ze)廟(miao)(miao)貌不稱，無戲(xi)樓(lou)則(ze)觀瞻不雅”，沒有戲(xi)臺，“不惟戲(xi)無以(yi)演，神無以(yi)奉(feng)，抑且為一(yi)村之羞也，這(zhe)種思(si)想體現(xian)了(le)“禮(li)(li)以(yi)節人，樂(le)以(yi)和人”的(de)(de)(de)(de)禮(li)(li)樂(le)制度對中國社會的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響。晉東南(nan)地區多神廟(miao)(miao)，每年的(de)(de)(de)(de)雩祭儀(yi)式和春祈秋(qiu)報(bao)相結(jie)合，造就了(le)當地以(yi)取(qu)水求雨(yu)為主旨的(de)(de)(de)(de)獨(du)特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)賽社活動。

農業社會(hui)，人們大的(de)(de)企盼(pan)就(jiu)是(shi)風調(diao)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)順(shun)，來(lai)年(nian)能有(you)(you)好收成。龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)司雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)，便格外受到(dao)人們的(de)(de)尊(zun)崇。早在(zai)秦始皇時，就(jiu)有(you)(you)“黃(huang)(huang)帝得(de)土德(de)，黃(huang)(huang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)地寅見(jian)。夏得(de)木德(de)，青(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)止于郊……今秦變周,水(shui)(shui)德(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時。昔秦文(wen)公出獵，獲黑(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，此(ci)其水(shui)(shui)德(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)瑞”的(de)(de)記(ji)載。到(dao)漢代(dai)，民(min)間出現(xian)了(le)以(yi)五色(se)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)祈雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)習俗。《唐(tang)志(zhi)》：“上黨(dang)有(you)(you)五龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)山。”《十(shi)六(liu)國(guo)春(chun)秋》：“西(xi)燕慕容永時有(you)(you)五色(se)云(yun)見(jian)于此(ci)，遇旱禱雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)輒(zhe)應(ying)(ying)(ying)，因置(zhi)祠以(yi)祀(si)(si)五方之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)。”據《宋會(hui)要輯(ji)稿》記(ji)載：“國(guo)朝(chao)緣唐(tang)祭五龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制,春(chun)秋常(chang)行其祀(si)(si)。先(xian)是(shi)熙寧十(shi)年(nian)八月信州有(you)(you)五龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)廟(miao)(miao),禱雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)應(ying)(ying)(ying),賜額曰(yue)：‘會(hui)應(ying)(ying)(ying)’。自是(shi)五龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)廟(miao)(miao)皆(jie)以(yi)此(ci)名額云(yun)。徽宗大觀二年(nian)十(shi)月,詔天下五龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)廟(miao)(miao)皆(jie)封(feng)王爵。青(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)神(shen)封(feng)廣仁王,赤龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)神(shen)封(feng)嘉澤(ze)王,黃(huang)(huang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)神(shen)封(feng)孚應(ying)(ying)(ying)王,白龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)神(shen)封(feng)義濟(ji)王,黑(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)神(shen)封(feng)靈澤(ze)王。”龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王由民(min)俗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)上升為(wei)(wei)祀(si)(si)典(dian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)，為(wei)(wei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王修建(jian)廟(miao)(miao)宇(yu)成為(wei)(wei)理所當然的(de)(de)事情，龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王廟(miao)(miao)往(wang)往(wang)建(jian)在(zai)有(you)(you)泉(quan)、池(chi)、井的(de)(de)地方，因為(wei)(wei)這里能“禱雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)而(er)應(ying)(ying)(ying)”。晉東(dong)南的(de)(de)府(fu)州縣志(zhi)及現(xian)存石刻(ke)，到(dao)處(chu)都有(you)(you)禱取“神(shen)水(shui)(shui)”而(er)“靈應(ying)(ying)(ying)”降雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)記(ji)錄。潞城(cheng)東(dong)邑龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王廟(miao)(miao)山門(men)西(xi)側有(you)(you)井，應(ying)(ying)(ying)為(wei)(wei)禱雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)取水(shui)(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)池(chi)。

雩祭作為(wei)一種祈雨的儀(yi)式，分為(wei)官辦和民辦兩類。

從商周開始，祭(ji)(ji)祀便和禮(li)(li)樂相伴，是國家的(de)(de)(de)重要行(xing)為。官(guan)方主持(chi)的(de)(de)(de)祭(ji)(ji)祀活(huo)動正(zheng)式莊重、規范高(gao)雅。而這(zhe)種帶有(you)宗(zong)教色彩的(de)(de)(de)禮(li)(li)樂祭(ji)(ji)祀在(zai)轉(zhuan)變為民(min)(min)間集體(ti)行(xing)為時，往(wang)往(wang)帶有(you)了(le)娛(yu)樂游(you)戲(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)成分。“祭(ji)(ji)禮(li)(li)”漸漸演(yan)變成“戲(xi)(xi)禮(li)(li)”(蘇東坡語)。學者(zhe)王(wang)國維在(zai)論及上(shang)古戲(xi)(xi)劇時說：“巫之事神，必用(yong)歌舞(wu)”，“歌舞(wu)之興，其始于古之巫乎(hu)?”在(zai)雩(yu)祭(ji)(ji)儀(yi)式中，女巫擔任主角。廖奔(ben)先生認為“雩(yu)祭(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)在(zai)于‘以(yi)舞(wu)降神’以(yi)祈雨，其中歌舞(wu)媚神的(de)(de)(de)成分比較(jiao)大(da)，它出現(xian)在(zai)農業文明興起之后(hou)。”歷史(shi)的(de)(de)(de)積淀(dian)和文化的(de)(de)(de)過濾，“歌舞(wu)媚神”已演(yan)變為歌舞(wu)娛(yu)人(ren)，民(min)(min)間的(de)(de)(de)迎(ying)神賽社卻(que)呈現(xian)出公眾性的(de)(de)(de)狂(kuang)歡(huan)。人(ren)們在(zai)這(zhe)種周期性的(de)(de)(de)儀(yi)式中舒(shu)展著(zhu)疲憊(bei)的(de)(de)(de)身心，釋放著(zhu)壓(ya)抑的(de)(de)(de)情感。和官(guan)辦雩(yu)祭(ji)(ji)枯燥乏味相比，民(min)(min)間的(de)(de)(de)雩(yu)祭(ji)(ji)儀(yi)式要熱鬧得多。

潞城東邑村龍(long)王廟的(de)迎神賽社定在每(mei)年農(nong)(nong)歷二(er)月(yue)初(chu)二(er)和六月(yue)初(chu)六，二(er)月(yue)二(er)是(shi)(shi)傳統龍(long)抬頭(tou)的(de)日(ri)子(zi)，因為二(er)月(yue)初(chu)處(chu)于驚(jing)蟄前(qian)后，蟄伏(fu)一冬的(de)各種動物(wu)(wu)恢復活力，龍(long)也要蘇醒過來(lai)履行它(ta)降(jiang)雨的(de)職責。從時(shi)節上來(lai)說，二(er)月(yue)進入(ru)仲春(chun)季節，這時(shi)陽(yang)氣上升，大地復蘇，春(chun)耕(geng)播(bo)種非常需要土(tu)壤濕潤(run)，保有水分，若是(shi)(shi)天(tian)公降(jiang)雨，無疑是(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)民的(de)一大福(fu)祉(zhi)。六月(yue)初(chu)六正值(zhi)谷(gu)物(wu)(wu)秀(xiu)而未實(shi)，或實(shi)而未堅，農(nong)(nong)夫希望普(pu)降(jiang)甘霖，秋(qiu)天(tian)才(cai)會(hui)獲得(de)豐收。另外(wai)，如果禱(dao)雨而應，祈得(de)甘澤(ze)，也應演戲酬報，謝過龍(long)王。

祈雨(yu)之前，會首要做(zuo)許多準(zhun)備工作，安排好求(qiu)雨(yu)、演(yan)戲(xi)、社(she)火等各項事宜。主禮通常由陰陽先生擔(dan)任，廚(chu)師負(fu)責煮花(hua)祭、備供饌，祭樂(le)樂(le)戶承應，執役村民分管(guan)，鄉人表演(yan)社(she)火。可以說，不(bu)分貧富貴賤，不(bu)論階層行業，全民都參(can)與到祭祀與狂歡之中(zhong)，勞作的(de)辛(xin)苦得到釋放，情(qing)感(gan)得以宣泄。

廟會(hui)通常五天。第(di)一(yi)(yi)天是(shi)隆重(zhong)的祈雨儀式(shi)和(he)社火表(biao)演(yan)。第(di)一(yi)(yi)項是(shi)祭(ji)拜(bai)取水(shui)。會(hui)首(shou)帶(dai)領(ling)男村民(min)，人人頭帶(dai)柳圈，手(shou)執柳條，依次進(jin)入龍(long)(long)王(wang)廟正殿，專人端上花祭(ji)、供饌及長頸陶瓶，上香(xiang)跪拜(bai)，三禮九叩，肅穆虔禱。龍(long)(long)王(wang)坐(zuo)像近一(yi)(yi)米高(gao)，木架支成空心，泥塑(su)，涂以油彩，黑臉，雙目迥然。拜(bai)畢，會(hui)首(shou)手(shou)捧陶瓶，舉過(guo)頭頂，領(ling)村民(min)走至山門左(zuo)側井(jing)口旁(pang)，用(yong)紅(hong)(hong)繩(sheng)系瓶口，徐(xu)徐(xu)放如井(jing)中(zhong)，俯首(shou)噤聲，點燃(ran)香(xiang)枝，頻頻叩首(shou)。禮畢，將紅(hong)(hong)繩(sheng)系到(dao)旁(pang)邊的柳樹上，等待龍(long)(long)王(wang)賜(si)雨。曬龍(long)(long)王(wang)儀式(shi)結(jie)束后，恭恭敬敬地取回(hui)神(shen)(shen)水(shui)，供奉在(zai)大殿的供桌上。井(jing)水(shui)旱不枯，澇不溢，在(zai)民(min)間(jian)傳(chuan)說中(zhong)被(bei)認為是(shi)通向神(shen)(shen)秘世界(jie)東(dong)海(hai)龍(long)(long)王(wang)居(ju)所的海(hai)眼。

第二項是(shi)熱鬧的(de)(de)曬龍王巡街活動。幾個年輕力壯的(de)(de)小伙子將(jiang)龍王爺抬到坐架上(shang)(shang)，扛著出(chu)行，因為是(shi)為民求雨(yu)，大家(jia)都很樂(le)于出(chu)力。八音會細(xi)吹細(xi)打(da)，在前面(mian)鳴鑼(luo)開道，龍王爺緊(jin)隨其后(hou)，會首帶領眾鄉(xiang)親浩(hao)浩(hao)蕩蕩從龍王廟出(chu)發(fa)，順(shun)街出(chu)村，沿田間地(di)壟到附近的(de)(de)三(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)腦祭(ji)(ji)拜，然后(hou)返(fan)回(hui)(hui)，把(ba)龍王爺放回(hui)(hui)正殿。三(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)腦已無(wu)遺跡可(ke)考，但當地(di)的(de)(de)百姓認(ren)為三(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)主(zhu)管一(yi)切神(shen)靈(ling)，所以龍王出(chu)動一(yi)次(ci)，有(you)必要祭(ji)(ji)拜三(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)。三(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)有(you)上(shang)(shang)三(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)、中三(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)、下三(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)的(de)(de)說法。上(shang)(shang)三(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)指天(tian)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)、地(di)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)、人皇(huang)(huang)(huang)，他們是(shi)傳說中天(tian)、地(di)、人的(de)(de)祖先，其中天(tian)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)主(zhu)氣(qi)，地(di)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)主(zhu)德，人皇(huang)(huang)(huang)主(zhu)生。中三(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)為伏羲、女媧、神(shen)農。下三(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)是(shi)黃帝(di)、堯、舜(shun)。

曬(shai)(shai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)這種(zhong)儀式，大概源(yuan)于(yu)幾種(zhong)想法(fa)：第(di)(di)一(yi)，龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)是(shi)(shi)喜(xi)靜不(bu)喜(xi)動的(de)(de)動物，平時潛居幽(you)深的(de)(de)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)洞(dong)、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)泉、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井之(zhi)(zhi)中，現在(zai)敲鑼打鼓這么一(yi)鬧(nao)騰，便(bian)會興風(feng)作浪，布雨(yu)(yu)降霖。第(di)(di)二，龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)作為(wei)司雨(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)神，應該讓(rang)(rang)它及時了(le)解民(min)(min)間旱情，不(bu)能(neng)褻守(shou)瀆職，不(bu)管老百姓疾苦。第(di)(di)三，龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)爺怕熱，被放在(zai)太陽(yang)下(xia)(xia)暴曬(shai)(shai)，曬(shai)(shai)出汗了(le)，流到人間便(bian)是(shi)(shi)甘露。考究曬(shai)(shai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)這一(yi)習俗(su)的(de)(de)由來，龔維英先生(sheng)(sheng)認為(wei)讓(rang)(rang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)受(shou)苦源(yuan)于(yu)讓(rang)(rang)巫(wu)覡受(shou)苦。他說：“本世50年(nian)(nian)代(dai)初(chu)期，農(nong)民(min)(min)抗旱，尚‘烤龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)’求雨(yu)(yu)，即曝巫(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)遺存。”但把龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)當作巫(wu)覡，似乎有點(dian)勉強。苑利先生(sheng)(sheng)認為(wei)：“曬(shai)(shai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)實際(ji)上源(yuan)于(yu)上古另一(yi)種(zhong)更古老的(de)(de)習俗(su)——造(zao)土(tu)(tu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)。”但為(wei)什(shen)么造(zao)土(tu)(tu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)會致雨(yu)(yu)，不(bu)得(de)而知(zhi)。《淮南子·墜形訓》云：“土(tu)(tu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)致雨(yu)(yu)。”高(gao)誘注曰：“湯遭旱，作土(tu)(tu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)以(yi)象龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，云從龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，故致雨(yu)(yu)也。”《山海經(jing)·大荒(huang)東(dong)經(jing)》曰：“旱而為(wei)應龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)之(zhi)(zhi)狀，乃(nai)得(de)大雨(yu)(yu)。”說得(de)就是(shi)(shi)造(zao)土(tu)(tu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)求雨(yu)(yu)。宋真(zhen)宗咸平元年(nian)(nian)(998年(nian)(nian))，“內(nei)出李祈(qi)雨(yu)(yu)法(fa)，以(yi)甲(jia)乙日擇東(dong)方地(di)作壇，取土(tu)(tu)造(zao)青龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，詣(yi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)所汲流水(shui)。”有可能(neng)是(shi)(shi)因為(wei)土(tu)(tu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)是(shi)(shi)用(yong)泥(ni)做的(de)(de)，需要在(zai)太陽(yang)下(xia)(xia)暴曬(shai)(shai)才可定形，所以(yi)有了(le)曬(shai)(shai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)這一(yi)風(feng)俗(su)。

接下來是比較(jiao)刺(ci)激的斬旱(han)(han)魃(ba)儀式。旱(han)(han)魃(ba)是中國神話(hua)中干(gan)旱(han)(han)的制造(zao)者，《詩(shi)經·云漢》有語“旱(han)(han)魃(ba)為(wei)虐，如焱如焚”。旱(han)(han)魃(ba)的制作方法很簡單，用(yong)樹枝(zhi)做個身(shen)(shen)子(zi)骨架，外面用(yong)彩紙(zhi)糊裱，菜瓜做頭(tou)，掏(tao)空瓜瓤，注(zhu)進紅水，封(feng)嚴。把旱(han)(han)魃(ba)放到(dao)平(ping)板車上，沿街游行，回(hui)到(dao)龍王廟后(hou)，主(zhu)禮歷數旱(han)(han)魃(ba)的種(zhong)種(zhong)罪(zui)狀，然后(hou)一(yi)(yi)聲(sheng)喝令，旁(pang)邊手執利(li)刃的小伙子(zi)一(yi)(yi)刀(dao)砍(kan)下旱(han)(han)魃(ba)的頭(tou)，“鮮血”淋漓。不過現在旱(han)(han)魃(ba)的制作多了幾分游戲的心態，紙(zhi)糊的旱(han)(han)魃(ba)身(shen)(shen)子(zi)里填滿鞭炮，頭(tou)應聲(sheng)倒地之后(hou)，身(shen)(shen)子(zi)也噼里啪啦燃燒起來，頗為(wei)刺(ci)激。百姓(xing)認(ren)為(wei)除掉旱(han)(han)魃(ba)，才會風調雨順，五谷豐登。

最后進行的是(shi)紅(hong)火熱(re)鬧的社(she)火表演(yan)，“扛裝”、“晃杠”、“踩(cai)蹺”是(shi)傳統的表演(yan)項目，下面逐一(yi)介紹。

扛裝：一成年男子(zi)肩負鐵(tie)架(jia)，架(jia)上安(an)一根1米多長的鐵(tie)棍，棍端(duan)橫懸(xuan)一圓(yuan)形(xing)支架(jia)，支架(jia)的下端(duan)是用布做成的卡通動物，一位五(wu)六(liu)歲(sui)的兒(er)童輕坐于上，臉(lian)部化裝成戲劇角色，頭戴(dai)花(hua)冠，花(hua)冠左(zuo)右(you)插(cha)兩翎，身披(pi)斗篷，腰(yao)系(xi)裙子(zi)，腳穿繡花(hua)鞋，手(shou)拿扇子(zi)、花(hua)束(shu)，隨著八音會的伴奏，男子(zi)和兒(er)童有韻(yun)律地(di)擺動。

晃杠(gang)：最下端(duan)是一(yi)(yi)木箱，內裝(zhuang)石(shi)塊(kuai)或(huo)鐵等沉(chen)重(zhong)物，外(wai)飾(shi)(shi)彩(cai)繪。木箱正中豎插木桿，木桿上豎著固(gu)定三面大鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)子(zi)(zi)，每(mei)面大鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)左(zuo)右(you)橫著固(gu)定兩(liang)面小鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)子(zi)(zi)，鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)子(zi)(zi)周(zhou)圍用彩(cai)綢(chou)花束裝(zhuang)飾(shi)(shi)，鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)子(zi)(zi)之間書(shu)寫“國泰民(min)安(an)”、“風調雨順”、“祈福(fu)報功”等字(zi)樣，最上端(duan)插雞毛(mao)撣子(zi)(zi)。木箱前(qian)后(hou)橫插一(yi)(yi)杠(gang)，由兩(liang)青年面對面抬著，前(qian)后(hou)左(zuo)右(you)四人拽著木桿上端(duan)垂下來的(de)(de)繩子(zi)(zi)保持平衡。

踩蹺(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)：潞城(cheng)境內廣泛流行，演員(yuan)腳(jiao)踩蹺(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)棍(gun)，裝扮成戲(xi)曲人(ren)物，在八音(yin)會伴(ban)奏下(xia)邊唱邊舞(wu)。踩的木棍(gun)在三尺(chi)(chi)以下(xia)的叫小(xiao)蹺(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)，三尺(chi)(chi)以上(shang)的叫高蹺(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)，有的高蹺(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)演員(yuan)能在空中表(biao)演各(ge)種動作。

雩祭儀(yi)式肅(su)穆隆重(zhong)，百(bai)戲社火(huo)熱烈歡(huan)騰，廟外(wai)廣場和街道人山人海。

第二天(tian)(tian)正(zheng)式演(yan)(yan)(yan)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，同時(shi)廟會進行，為期三天(tian)(tian)。馮俊杰先生(sheng)考(kao)證：“晉東南‘謝雨(yu)’演(yan)(yan)(yan)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，也(ye)有(you)自己的(de)風俗習慣。首先是(shi)由值年總社(she)首‘寫戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)’，即聘請戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)班(ban)，點劃(hua)劇(ju)(ju)目，并(bing)與戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)班(ban)科(ke)頭簽(qian)訂演(yan)(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)合(he)同;然后(hou)(hou)再(zai)對戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)班(ban)提出(chu)(chu)許多戒條，張榜公布(bu);戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)班(ban)也(ye)要張貼(tie)告白榜文，以(yi)(yi)聲明(ming)自己的(de)演(yan)(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)符合(he)祀典。”現在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)儀(yi)式有(you)所簡(jian)化(hua)，但演(yan)(yan)(yan)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)熱情卻很(hen)(hen)高(gao)漲。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)唱(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)之前(qian)，有(you)專人拿扎了紅綢的(de)竹掃帚到村的(de)四(si)(si)角打掃，掃除旱(han)(han)(han)役(yi)和災(zai)難(nan)。然后(hou)(hou)樂(le)班(ban)鳴鑼(luo)響鞭，正(zheng)式開演(yan)(yan)(yan)，先演(yan)(yan)(yan)賽戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)再(zai)演(yan)(yan)(yan)大(da)(da)(da)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。賽戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)演(yan)(yan)(yan)給龍王，大(da)(da)(da)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)唱(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)給百姓。賽戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)是(shi)一種(zhong)頭戴假面(mian)，綜(zong)合(he)儺儀(yi)和春(chun)社(she)祭祀的(de)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)劇(ju)(ju)演(yan)(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)。大(da)(da)(da)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)指的(de)是(shi)當(dang)(dang)地(di)流行的(de)上黨梆子(zi)(zi)。賽戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)唱(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)腔很(hen)(hen)簡(jian)單(dan)，只(zhi)是(shi)念白朗(lang)誦向(xiang)歌唱(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)過渡的(de)原始(shi)形(xing)態，有(you)固定的(de)演(yan)(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)劇(ju)(ju)目《調(diao)(diao)鬼(gui)》和《斬(zhan)旱(han)(han)(han)魃(ba)》。《調(diao)(diao)鬼(gui)》是(shi)開臺(tai)(tai)(tai)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，演(yan)(yan)(yan)員頭戴面(mian)具，扮七鬼(gui)，先在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)下(xia)后(hou)(hou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)上跳躍，聽候調(diao)(diao)鬼(gui)師(城隍)訓誡。城隍奉玉帝旨意，下(xia)得天(tian)(tian)庭，調(diao)(diao)來(lai)(lai)諸鬼(gui)神(shen)，逐一囑咐，要他(ta)們(men)各保一方(fang)，風調(diao)(diao)雨(yu)順。《斬(zhan)旱(han)(han)(han)魃(ba)》劇(ju)(ju)情簡(jian)單(dan)，演(yan)(yan)(yan)趙(zhao)萬年忤(wu)逆不孝事，不久變成旱(han)(han)(han)魃(ba)，穿短(duan)褲，束紅腰帶，光膀(bang)子(zi)(zi)，頭戴鮮羊肚，手端(duan)一碗羊血(xue)(xue)，被(bei)(bei)四(si)(si)大(da)(da)(da)天(tian)(tian)神(shen)趕下(xia)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)來(lai)(lai)，直奔觀(guan)眾，觀(guan)眾立即吶(na)喊、圍追，并(bing)以(yi)(yi)土塊拋(pao)(pao)打。旱(han)(han)(han)魃(ba)以(yi)(yi)手灑(sa)羊血(xue)(xue)開道，并(bing)可任意抓取、拋(pao)(pao)灑(sa)商販(fan)貨(huo)攤上的(de)食物。最后(hou)(hou)，旱(han)(han)(han)魃(ba)又(you)被(bei)(bei)四(si)(si)大(da)(da)(da)天(tian)(tian)王追回舞臺(tai)(tai)(tai)斬(zhan)首。其實這出(chu)(chu)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)是(shi)社(she)火中的(de)斬(zhan)旱(han)(han)(han)魃(ba)的(de)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)劇(ju)(ju)樣(yang)式，現在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)風調(diao)(diao)雨(yu)順，五谷豐登，有(you)時(shi)也(ye)被(bei)(bei)其他(ta)傳統劇(ju)(ju)目代替(ti)，如《華容道》、《單(dan)刀會》、《二仙傳道》、《叢(cong)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)設宴》等(deng)(deng)。接(jie)下(xia)來(lai)(lai)便是(shi)唱(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)大(da)(da)(da)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，當(dang)(dang)地(di)百姓稱(cheng)上黨梆子(zi)(zi)為大(da)(da)(da)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，上黨梆子(zi)(zi)形(xing)成于澤州(zhou)，以(yi)(yi)演(yan)(yan)(yan)唱(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)梆子(zi)(zi)腔為主，兼唱(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)昆(kun)曲、皮黃、羅(luo)羅(luo)腔、卷戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，俗稱(cheng)昆(kun)梆羅(luo)卷黃。唱(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)腔高(gao)亢(kang)明(ming)朗(lang)、粗獷樸實、直出(chu)(chu)直入、強烈激越(yue)。當(dang)(dang)地(di)人愛聽的(de)是(shi)楊(yang)家(jia)將、岳家(jia)將等(deng)(deng)武戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，如《三關排宴》、《天(tian)(tian)波樓》、《雁門關》、《闖(chuang)幽州(zhou)》等(deng)(deng)，趙(zhao)樹理(li)曾說(shuo)：“從(cong)家(jia)里到野地(di)，到處唱(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)起干梆戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。”可見梆子(zi)(zi)腔在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)當(dang)(dang)地(di)很(hen)(hen)受歡(huan)迎。

潞城東(dong)邑龍王(wang)廟廟會(hui)涵蓋了(le)晉東(dong)南地區迎神(shen)賽社(she)諸多(duo)儀(yi)(yi)式，如(ru)取水(shui)、曬龍王(wang)、斬旱魃、百戲社(she)火(huo)、迎神(shen)演(yan)劇等。農業社(she)會(hui)，人們把希望求助(zhu)于神(shen)靈，雩祭(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)春祈秋報無論(lun)對國家還(huan)是百姓(xing)都是重要的(de)(de)事宜(yi)，在這種祭(ji)(ji)祀儀(yi)(yi)式中，祭(ji)(ji)祀禮(li)儀(yi)(yi)、百戲雜陳、戲劇演(yan)出都是奉獻給神(shen)靈的(de)(de)藝術供(gong)品(pin)。民(min)間把所有這些(xie)娛(yu)(yu)神(shen)又(you)娛(yu)(yu)人的(de)(de)活動統稱為“社(she)火(huo)”。宋(song)代范(fan)成大(da)《上(shang)元紀吳中節物俳諧體三十二韻》：“輕(qing)薄行歌過，癲狂社(she)舞狂。”自(zi)注：“民(min)間鼓(gu)樂(le)謂(wei)之社(she)火(huo)，不可悉記，大(da)抵以滑稽(ji)取笑(xiao)。”上(shang)黨(dang)地區的(de)(de)迎神(shen)賽社(she)能夠生(sheng)生(sheng)不息，繁衍(yan)千年而不衰，是因為人們在宗教(jiao)祭(ji)(ji)祀和(he)(he)官方禮(li)儀(yi)(yi)中找到(dao)了(le)緩解疲勞舒展身(shen)心的(de)(de)通道，他們等待著(zhu)這種周期(qi)性的(de)(de)、年復一年的(de)(de)盛(sheng)宴到(dao)來，呈(cheng)現著(zhu)真實的(de)(de)民(min)眾狂歡和(he)(he)世俗娛(yu)(yu)樂(le)。

建筑

現存(cun)(cun)主要殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)宇屬(shu)于明(ming)(ming)清時(shi)期的(de)建筑風(feng)格。廟(miao)(miao)坐(zuo)(zuo)北(bei)向(xiang)(xiang)南(nan)，共(gong)為兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)進(jin)(jin)院落，中(zhong)軸線(xian)上有(you)(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)，戲樓(lou)、正(zheng)(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)側(ce)(ce)(ce)有(you)(you)耳(er)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、廂房(fang)等，共(gong)有(you)(you)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)宇33間(jian)(jian)(jian)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)位居廟(miao)(miao)前(qian)(qian)、面(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)(kuo)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)，進(jin)(jin)深(shen)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)，單(dan)(dan)(dan)檐(yan)(yan)懸山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂。琉(liu)(liu)(liu)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)脊(ji)(ji)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)，筒(tong)板(ban)瓦(wa)作。琉(liu)(liu)(liu)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)以(yi)黃綠紅(hong)三(san)(san)(san)(san)色(se)(se)(se)為主，色(se)(se)(se)彩(cai)(cai)艷麗。柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)科(ke)(ke)三(san)(san)(san)(san)踩(cai)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)(dan)下(xia)(xia)昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)，昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)呈(cheng)琴面(mian)(mian)式(shi)(shi)，耍頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)同(tong)(tong)昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)型。明(ming)(ming)次(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)各(ge)施(shi)(shi)補(bu)(bu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)科(ke)(ke)，斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)科(ke)(ke)。明(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)辟(pi)(pi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)， 以(yi)作通(tong)道(dao)。倒座戲樓(lou)位居山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)之后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，面(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)(kuo)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)，進(jin)(jin)深(shen)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)，上下(xia)(xia)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)層(ceng)，下(xia)(xia)面(mian)(mian)明(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)辟(pi)(pi)通(tong)道(dao)，上建戲樓(lou)，硬山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂。柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)科(ke)(ke)五(wu)(wu)(wu)踩(cai)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)雙(shuang)下(xia)(xia)昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)，昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)呈(cheng)琴面(mian)(mian)式(shi)(shi)，明(ming)(ming)次(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)各(ge)施(shi)(shi)補(bu)(bu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)科(ke)(ke)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)朵，斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)形制同(tong)(tong)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)科(ke)(ke)。前(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)檐(yan)(yan)圓柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)方額(e)，結(jie)(jie)構(gou)精(jing)(jing)巧(qiao)。屋頂琉(liu)(liu)(liu)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)脊(ji)(ji)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)，筒(tong)板(ban)布瓦(wa)裝(zhuang)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)，古樸雅(ya)(ya)致。正(zheng)(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系廟(miao)(miao)內(nei)的(de)一(yi)個(ge)主體建筑，建于高(gao)臺之上，廣深(shen)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)，六架(jia)椽(chuan)(chuan)屋，四(si)(si)椽(chuan)(chuan)栿對(dui)前(qian)(qian)乳栿，通(tong)檐(yan)(yan)用三(san)(san)(san)(san)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，單(dan)(dan)(dan)檐(yan)(yan)懸山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂。斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)為柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)高(gao)四(si)(si)分(fen)之一(yi)，柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)升(sheng)起與柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)側(ce)(ce)(ce)角明(ming)(ming)顯。柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)五(wu)(wu)(wu)鋪作單(dan)(dan)(dan)抄單(dan)(dan)(dan)下(xia)(xia)昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)，昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)為琴面(mian)(mian)式(shi)(shi)，耍頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)同(tong)(tong)昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)型。明(ming)(ming)次(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)各(ge)施(shi)(shi)補(bu)(bu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)鋪作一(yi)朵，出四(si)(si)十(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)度斜(xie)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)四(si)(si)椽(chuan)(chuan)栿上置平梁，用脊(ji)(ji)瓜(gua)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，大叉手，梁架(jia)規整，結(jie)(jie)構(gou)簡練(lian)，雖經(jing)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)人(ren)(ren)多次(ci)重修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)，仍(reng)保(bao)留金代(dai)建筑風(feng)格。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)頂琉(liu)(liu)(liu)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)脊(ji)(ji)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)，筒(tong)板(ban)布瓦(wa)裝(zhuang)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)，舉折平緩(huan)，出檐(yan)(yan)深(shen)遠(yuan)。前(qian)(qian)檐(yan)(yan)破(po)子欞(ling)窗(chuang)，隔(ge)扇門(men)(men)(men)(men)裝(zhuang)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)三(san)(san)(san)(san)壁(bi)(bi)殘(can)存(cun)(cun)人(ren)(ren)物(wu)(wu)故事(shi)，壁(bi)(bi)畫(hua)依(yi)稀可見(jian)。整個(ge)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堂氣(qi)勢(shi)雄偉(wei)，古樸壯觀。 山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西省(sheng)重點(dian)文(wen)物(wu)(wu)保(bao)護單(dan)(dan)(dan)位。在(zai)潞城(cheng)(cheng)縣(xian)東(dong)南(nan)5千米處(chu)的(de)東(dong)邑(yi)鄉(xiang)東(dong)邑(yi)村中(zhong)，東(dong)北(bei)緊依(yi)盧醫山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，西南(nan)與農舍毗鄰居，松柏蒼翠，綠樹成蔭，景色(se)(se)(se)十(shi)分(fen)優雅(ya)(ya)。該廟(miao)(miao)創建年(nian)代(dai)不詳，金代(dai)以(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)多次(ci)重修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)。現存(cun)(cun)主要殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)宇屬(shu)于明(ming)(ming)清時(shi)期的(de)建筑風(feng)格。廟(miao)(miao)坐(zuo)(zuo)北(bei)向(xiang)(xiang)南(nan)，共(gong)為兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)進(jin)(jin)院落，中(zhong)軸線(xian)上有(you)(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)，戲樓(lou)、正(zheng)(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)側(ce)(ce)(ce)有(you)(you)耳(er)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、廂房(fang)等，共(gong)有(you)(you)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)宇33間(jian)(jian)(jian)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)位居廟(miao)(miao)前(qian)(qian)、面(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)(kuo)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)，進(jin)(jin)深(shen)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)，單(dan)(dan)(dan)檐(yan)(yan)懸山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂。琉(liu)(liu)(liu)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)脊(ji)(ji)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)，筒(tong)板(ban)瓦(wa)作。琉(liu)(liu)(liu)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)以(yi)黃綠紅(hong)三(san)(san)(san)(san)色(se)(se)(se)為主，色(se)(se)(se)彩(cai)(cai)艷麗。柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)科(ke)(ke)三(san)(san)(san)(san)踩(cai)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)(dan)下(xia)(xia)昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)，昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)呈(cheng)琴面(mian)(mian)式(shi)(shi)，耍頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)同(tong)(tong)昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)型。明(ming)(ming)次(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)各(ge)施(shi)(shi)補(bu)(bu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)科(ke)(ke)，斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)科(ke)(ke)。明(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)辟(pi)(pi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)，以(yi)作通(tong)道(dao)。倒座戲樓(lou)位居山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)之后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，面(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)(kuo)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)，進(jin)(jin)深(shen)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)，上下(xia)(xia)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)層(ceng)，下(xia)(xia)面(mian)(mian)明(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)辟(pi)(pi)通(tong)道(dao)，上建戲樓(lou)，硬山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂。柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)科(ke)(ke)五(wu)(wu)(wu)踩(cai)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)雙(shuang)下(xia)(xia)昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)，昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)呈(cheng)琴面(mian)(mian)式(shi)(shi)，明(ming)(ming)次(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)各(ge)施(shi)(shi)補(bu)(bu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)科(ke)(ke)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)朵，斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)形制同(tong)(tong)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)科(ke)(ke)。前(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)檐(yan)(yan)圓柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)方額(e)，結(jie)(jie)構(gou)精(jing)(jing)巧(qiao)。屋頂琉(liu)(liu)(liu)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)脊(ji)(ji)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)，筒(tong)板(ban)布瓦(wa)裝(zhuang)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)，古樸雅(ya)(ya)致。正(zheng)(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系廟(miao)(miao)內(nei)的(de)一(yi)個(ge)主體建筑，建于高(gao)臺之上，廣深(shen)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)，六架(jia)椽(chuan)(chuan)屋，四(si)(si)椽(chuan)(chuan)栿對(dui)前(qian)(qian)乳栿，通(tong)檐(yan)(yan)用三(san)(san)(san)(san)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，單(dan)(dan)(dan)檐(yan)(yan)懸山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂。斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)為柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)高(gao)四(si)(si)分(fen)之一(yi)，柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)升(sheng)起與柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)側(ce)(ce)(ce)角明(ming)(ming)顯。柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)五(wu)(wu)(wu)鋪作單(dan)(dan)(dan)抄單(dan)(dan)(dan)下(xia)(xia)昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)，昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)為琴面(mian)(mian)式(shi)(shi)，耍頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)同(tong)(tong)昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)型。明(ming)(ming)次(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)各(ge)施(shi)(shi)補(bu)(bu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)鋪作一(yi)朵，出四(si)(si)十(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)度斜(xie)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)四(si)(si)椽(chuan)(chuan)栿上置平梁，用脊(ji)(ji)瓜(gua)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，大叉手，梁架(jia)規整，結(jie)(jie)構(gou)簡練(lian)，雖經(jing)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)人(ren)(ren)多次(ci)重修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)，仍(reng)保(bao)留金代(dai)建筑風(feng)格。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)頂琉(liu)(liu)(liu)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)脊(ji)(ji)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)，筒(tong)板(ban)布瓦(wa)裝(zhuang)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)，舉折平緩(huan)，出檐(yan)(yan)深(shen)遠(yuan)。前(qian)(qian)檐(yan)(yan)破(po)子欞(ling)窗(chuang)，隔(ge)扇門(men)(men)(men)(men)裝(zhuang)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)三(san)(san)(san)(san)壁(bi)(bi)殘(can)存(cun)(cun)人(ren)(ren)物(wu)(wu)故事(shi)，壁(bi)(bi)畫(hua)依(yi)稀可見(jian)。整個(ge)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堂氣(qi)勢(shi)雄偉(wei)，古樸壯觀。東(dong)邑(yi)村距縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)南(nan)約10里,古稱黃邑(yi),舊屬(shu)葛井(jing)鄉(xiang)。龍王廟(miao)(miao)位于村東(dong)北(bei)，坐(zuo)(zuo)北(bei)面(mian)(mian)南(nan)，兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)進(jin)(jin)院落。入(ru)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)靠西處(chu)有(you)(you)一(yi)眼水井(jing)，兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)側(ce)(ce)(ce)各(ge)為三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)廂房(fang)，中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)甬道(dao)直通(tong)戲臺。

戲臺三(san)間，倒座式，即坐南朝北，面向正殿，單檐硬山頂(ding)，灰(hui)色瓦(wa)頂(ding)。上下(xia)兩層，下(xia)層為(wei)通道。戲臺前檐斗(dou)拱四鋪作單下(xia)昂(ang)，卷云式昂(ang)頭。柱頭斗(dou)拱耍頭為(wei)象頭，補(bu)間為(wei)龍(long)頭。明間雀替為(wei)龍(long)頭，兩次間為(wei)象頭。梁(liang)架(jia)由四椽(chuan)、平梁(liang)構成(cheng)。梁(liang)架(jia)殘存(cun)部分有彩畫。

正殿(dian)位于中軸線最北端，坐(zuo)落(luo)在長14.76米(mi)、寬13.5米(mi)、高1米(mi)的臺基之上。正殿(dian)三間，面(mian)闊13.24米(mi),進深(shen)11.97米(mi)，單(dan)檐懸山頂，灰(hui)瓦，大吻、垂(chui)(chui)獸、戧獸、套獸均(jun)為(wei)琉璃(li)雕花(hua)，正脊每面(mian)6條龍，垂(chui)(chui)脊雕鳳，均(jun)配飾(shi)牡丹(dan)，垂(chui)(chui)脊現剩(sheng)一條脊剎，有“嘉慶元(yuan)年五月立(li)”題記。

龍王廟(miao)布局規整(zheng)對稱，保存完整(zheng)，“神殿與戲臺結合構成神廟(miao)，是北宋(song)以后(hou)中國(guo)本(ben)土宗教場所的顯著特征”