揚州城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址(zhi)位于江蘇省(sheng)揚州市西(xi)北(bei)蜀(shu)崗上。春(chun)秋時吳(wu)王夫差始筑(zhu)邗城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),歷代(dai)相繼修筑(zhu),隋唐時已擴(kuo)建(jian)至蜀(shu)崗下的(de)平原上,成(cheng)為僅次于京城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)繁華商(shang)業城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)分為子(zi)(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和羅(luo)(luo)(luo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)兩部分。兩城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)毗連,子(zi)(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在蜀(shu)崗上,稱(cheng)牙城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),即(ji)衙(ya)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),為官(guan)衙(ya)聚集處。羅(luo)(luo)(luo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在蜀(shu)崗下子(zi)(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)東(dong)南,又稱(cheng)大城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),是住宅區(qu)和商(shang)業區(qu)。現存子(zi)(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)、土垣。1984年(nian)以(yi)來多(duo)次發掘,明確(que)了(le)子(zi)(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和羅(luo)(luo)(luo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)四面城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻、九座城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門及城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內道路、建(jian)筑(zhu)址(zhi)等(deng),同(tong)時探明了(le)宋代(dai)揚州城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)有三個關(guan)系(xi)密切的(de)大城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、夾(jia)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、堡誠組成(cheng)。
揚州城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址由大城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和小(xiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)相連組成(cheng),總面積約20平方公里。大城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)又(you)名(ming)“羅(luo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”,始建(jian)于(yu)唐(tang)代中晚期,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)分為商業區和居民(min)區,包磚砌筑的(de)南門遺址外有(you)甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻局部殘高3米。小(xiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)又(you)名(ming)“子城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”,是利用隋代宮城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)重(zhong)加修筑而成(cheng)的(de),是當時的(de)衙署區,平面呈不規則多邊形,辟有(you)4座城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻遺跡清晰(xi),范圍(wei)走向(xiang)明確。遺址內(nei)還發現有(you)唐(tang)代木船、古河(he)道(dao)、橋梁以(yi)及佛像、碑(bei)刻等(deng)大量遺跡、遺物(wu)。
揚州城(cheng)遺址的發(fa)現,對(dui)于研(yan)究中國(guo)古代的城(cheng)市規劃、交(jiao)通(tong)貿易、佛教藝術以及對(dui)外文(wen)化(hua)交(jiao)流(liu)等方面,具有重要的意義。(國(guo)家文(wen)物局(ju))
國(guo)家(jia)(jia)文物局昨公(gong)布(bu)了(le)第一批(pi)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)考古遺址(zhi)公(gong)園名單(dan)和立項名單(dan)。揚州(zhou)城(cheng)(cheng)考古遺址(zhi)公(gong)園被列入立項名單(dan)。這是(shi)繼1996年被國(guo)務院公(gong)布(bu)為全國(guo)重點文物保護單(dan)位后,揚州(zhou)城(cheng)(cheng)遺址(zhi)獲得的又一國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級重大榮譽。
國家(jia)考(kao)古遺址(zhi)公園,是國家(jia)推行的大遺址(zhi)保護(hu)的新(xin)模式,是指以重要考(kao)古遺址(zhi)及其(qi)背景環境(jing)為主體,具有科研、教育、游憩等功(gong)能(neng),在考(kao)古遺址(zhi)保護(hu)和展示方面具有全國性示范(fan)意(yi)義的特定公共空(kong)間。
揚州城遺址(隋至宋),全國重(zhong)點文(wen)物保(bao)護單位且為現代(dai)揚州城所(suo)完全疊壓,它的發掘和保(bao)護為世人所(suo)矚目,并被國家(jia)發改委和國家(jia)文(wen)物局列入“十一五(wu)”期間100處國家(jia)重(zhong)點大遺址保(bao)護專項。
今(jin)年6月18日,國(guo)家(jia)文物(wu)局面(mian)向全(quan)國(guo)開展國(guo)家(jia)考古(gu)遺址公園評定(ding),經省級(ji)文物(wu)行(xing)政部門初審(shen)同意,報(bao)國(guo)家(jia)文物(wu)局參加評定(ding)。申報(bao)對象(xiang)均為全(quan)國(guo)重點文物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)單位(wei),競(jing)爭(zheng)非常激烈。
國(guo)家(jia)(jia)最終確(que)定(ding)第一(yi)批(pi)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)考(kao)古(gu)(gu)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)12項(xiang)(xiang),其(qi)中包括圓(yuan)明園(yuan)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)考(kao)古(gu)(gu)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)、周口店國(guo)家(jia)(jia)考(kao)古(gu)(gu)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan),江蘇(su)僅鴻山國(guo)家(jia)(jia)考(kao)古(gu)(gu)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)“上榜”;第一(yi)批(pi)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)考(kao)古(gu)(gu)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)立(li)項(xiang)(xiang)項(xiang)(xiang)目23項(xiang)(xiang),江蘇(su)僅揚(yang)州城考(kao)古(gu)(gu)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)在列。