芒果视频下载

簡介

建(jian)于南(nan)宋(song)(song)(song)末(mo)年(nian)(nian)，清末(mo)重修。大門(men)門(men)額(e)題“西域(yu)先賢(xian)(xian)普哈(ha)(ha)(ha)丁(ding)之墓”。據傳，普哈(ha)(ha)(ha)丁(ding)系(xi)伊斯蘭(lan)教先知穆(mu)罕默(mo)德女(nv)婿(xu)阿里支(zhi)系(xi)第(di)16世裔孫(sun)。南(nan)宋(song)(song)(song)咸淳年(nian)(nian)間(1265～1274)來揚州傳教，德祜(hu)元年(nian)(nian)(1275)7月(yue)20日(ri)病逝于由天津南(nan)下的舟中。遵其囑葬(zang)(zang)于揚州城東(dong)古運河畔高崗。內部建(jian)筑分寺(si)院(yuan)、墓域(yu)兩(liang)部分，寺(si)院(yuan)包(bao)括禮(li)拜(bai)堂(tang)和水房。墓域(yu)葬(zang)(zang)有普哈(ha)(ha)(ha)丁(ding)、法納兩(liang)墓亭及(ji)其他(ta)多人(ren)墳(fen)墓，墓碑(bei)上刻(ke)文(wen)：“宋(song)(song)(song)德祐元年(nian)(nian)西域(yu)至圣一十(shi)六世后裔大先賢(xian)(xian)補哈(ha)(ha)(ha)丁(ding)；宋(song)(song)(song)景炎三年(nian)(nian)西域(yu)先賢(xian)(xian)撒敢達，明成化元年(nian)(nian)西域(yu)大賢(xian)(xian)馬哈(ha)(ha)(ha)謨德，明成化五年(nian)(nian)西域(yu)先賢(xian)(xian)賈(jia)瑪(ma)魯丁(ding)，明弘治十(shi)一年(nian)(nian)先賢(xian)(xian)法納。”另有明代(dai)穆(mu)斯林的墓塔與(yu)墳(fen)墓。

建筑特色

普(pu)哈(ha)丁墓為(wei)阿拉(la)伯(bo)式(shi)建筑，其平(ping)面呈方(fang)形(xing)，面積約14平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)，亭高3．5米(mi)(mi)。內部(bu)為(wei)圓拱頂，外(wai)部(bu)為(wei)四角攢頂式(shi)筒瓦頂。四面磚墻每面各有一拱門，墓在墓亭中(zhong)央(yang)，上(shang)有五級矩形(xing)青石(shi)墓頂，四周刻有《古(gu)蘭經》銘文(wen)。墓院入(ru)口通道內，立(li)有光(guang)緒三十四年(1908)普(pu)哈(ha)丁傳記(ji)的石(shi)碑(bei)(bei)《先賢歷(li)史(shi)記(ji)略碑(bei)(bei)》。在墓域中(zhong)，有一堵大封頂式(shi)的矮墻上(shang)鑲嵌有四通元代阿拉(la)伯(bo)人的墓碑(bei)(bei)。系1927年拆除揚州南門外(wai)擋馬(ma)樓時掘出，后移(yi)至此(ci)處。

歷史來源

普(pu)哈(ha)(ha)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)墓(mu)園，俗名回回堂，位于揚(yang)(yang)州(zhou)(zhou)市區(qu)解放橋南(nan)堍、古運(yun)河東岸(an)崗(gang)上。普(pu)哈(ha)(ha)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)，相(xiang)傳為(wei)(wei)(wei)穆罕默(mo)德圣(sheng)人第(di)十(shi)六世(shi)裔孫，南(nan)宋(song)咸(xian)淳年(nian)間(jian)（1265－1274年(nian)）來揚(yang)(yang)州(zhou)(zhou)傳教(jiao)，此墓(mu)園原是(shi)專為(wei)(wei)(wei)安(an)葬普(pu)哈(ha)(ha)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)，后(hou)(hou)又陸續安(an)葬了(le)一(yi)些(xie)阿(a)拉伯人。是(shi)一(yi)座(zuo)典型(xing)的(de)(de)阿(a)拉伯式(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑，初建(jian)(jian)(jian)于公元十(shi)三(san)世(shi)紀的(de)(de)我國(guo)南(nan)宋(song)時期，明永樂(le)皇帝視(shi)墓(mu)園為(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)寶，下(xia)(xia)詔予以保護。清政(zheng)府(fu)也對墓(mu)亭(ting)(ting)進行了(le)多(duo)次修(xiu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)，亭(ting)(ting)壁(bi)上還(huan)嵌(qian)有(you)光緒三(san)十(shi)四(si)年(nian)重修(xiu)墓(mu)園時建(jian)(jian)(jian)立的(de)(de)"先賢歷史記(ji)略碑"，碑文用(yong)(yong)漢字(zi)刻定(ding)，簡要記(ji)敘了(le)普(pu)哈(ha)(ha)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)在我國(guo)傳教(jiao)的(de)(de)情況(kuang)。墓(mu)園坐東朝西，墓(mu)亭(ting)(ting)為(wei)(wei)(wei)阿(a)拉伯制式(shi)(shi)。正門(men)(men)臨(lin)河，門(men)(men)額(e)刻石為(wei)(wei)(wei)"西域(yu)先賢普(pu)哈(ha)(ha)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)之(zhi)墓(mu)"下(xia)(xia)署"乾隆(long)丙辰重建(jian)(jian)(jian)"。門(men)(men)廳3楹(ying)(ying)南(nan)側(ce)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)清真寺(si)，面(mian)(mian)東南(nan)楹(ying)(ying)。沿石階抵(di)"天方矩矱"墓(mu)域(yu)門(men)(men)廳，廳3楹(ying)(ying)為(wei)(wei)(wei)四(si)角(jiao)攢尖(jian)頂(ding)。庭院中(zhong)，有(you)北(bei)軒(xuan)、東軒(xuan)各3楹(ying)(ying)。北(bei)軒(xuan)附近(jin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)南(nan)北(bei)相(xiang)對墓(mu)亭(ting)(ting)兩座(zuo)。亭(ting)(ting)后(hou)(hou)即普(pu)哈(ha)(ha)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)墓(mu)亭(ting)(ting)。亭(ting)(ting)平面(mian)(mian)呈(cheng)方形(xing)，四(si)壁(bi)設拱門(men)(men)，四(si)角(jiao)攢尖(jian)板瓦(wa)頂(ding)，內層呈(cheng)拱球(qiu)頂(ding)。墓(mu)葬于亭(ting)(ting)中(zhong)央地下(xia)(xia)，地面(mian)(mian)用(yong)(yong)青石砌成五(wu)級矩形(xing)墓(mu)塔。

墓亭東北植有700多年樹齡的銀杏1株(zhu)，老干虬枝(zhi)，姿態奇(qi)特。整個墓園(yuan)建筑分(fen)(fen)三部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)。第(di)一部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)為墓域，內有普哈(ha)丁(ding)墓及其他阿拉(la)伯(bo)人的墓碑(bei)；第(di)二部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)為清真(zhen)寺，是(shi)教徒們做禮(li)拜的活動場所；第(di)三部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)為東郊公(gong)園(yuan)。此外墓園(yuan)里(li)還(huan)集中保存(cun)了一些(xie)我國元代遺留(liu)下來的阿拉(la)伯(bo)文墓碑(bei)。