外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)全長(chang)1941米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),除(chu)西(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部部分(fen)損毀(hui)外,大(da)部保存(cun)完(wan)好。 內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)平面(mian)呈方形(xing)(xing)(xing),處(chu)在城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)北(bei)(bei)(bei)側(ce),全長(chang)861米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),面(mian)積4.3萬(wan)平方米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)現存(cun)7處(chu)豁(huo)口,西(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)角(jiao)、南(nan)(nan)正中及北(bei)(bei)(bei)上(shang)中3處(chu)豁(huo)口可以(yi)肯定(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)。內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)東(dong)、西(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)、南(nan)(nan)面(mian)3處(chu)豁(huo)口,均可確定(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)。西(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)角(jiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)35米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),其(qi)(qi)底基(ji)距(ju)贛江(jiang)水(shui)面(mian)落差僅2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),贛水(shui)上(shang)漲時,河(he)水(shui)可直接入城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei),推測可能為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)水(shui)門(men)(men)。西(xi)正中門(men)(men)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)28米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“凸”形(xing)(xing)(xing)結(jie)構(gou),從其(qi)(qi)上(shang)殘存(cun)疊壓瓦片(pian)分(fen)析,此處(chu)原可能為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一處(chu)門(men)(men)闕(que)。北(bei)(bei)(bei)正中城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)15米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),入門(men)(men)較陡,可分(fen)別進入內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)門(men)(men)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“凹”形(xing)(xing)(xing)結(jie)構(gou),似為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”,也有大(da)量瓦礫堆積。 內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)(nan)門(men)(men)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)17.4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)兩側(ce)見大(da)量瓦礫堆積,并采集到一塊(kuai)完(wan)整四葉云(yun)紋瓦當。 內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)南(nan)(nan)角(jiao)有一長(chang)方形(xing)(xing)(xing)土臺,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)全城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)高地(di)(di)帶(dai),東(dong)西(xi)長(chang)47米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)35米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),面(mian)積1645平方米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),高出(chu)周(zhou)圍(wei)平地(di)(di)0.8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),高出(chu)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)其(qi)(qi)它(ta)地(di)(di)帶(dai)約2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)土筑(zhu),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)高度因(yin)地(di)(di)勢的南(nan)(nan)高北(bei)(bei)(bei)低(di)而(er)相反,以(yi)使城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)四周(zhou)基(ji)本處(chu)于同一水(shui)平面(mian)上(shang)。南(nan)(nan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)距(ju)地(di)(di)表4.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)高10.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),北(bei)(bei)(bei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)高20.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)頂寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)2—3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),基(ji)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)20—28米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。以(yi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)基(ji)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外有護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河(he), 以(yi)南(nan)(nan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)及南(nan)(nan)側(ce)斷面(mian)可知,南(nan)(nan)側(ce)護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河(he)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)16.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),深1.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)西(xi)兩側(ce)護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河(he)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)30米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河(he)由南(nan)(nan)往北(bei)(bei)(bei)流(liu)入贛江(jiang)。
白口城(cheng)址于(yu)1980年(nian)代文物普查時(shi)發(fa)現,2001年(nian)9月(yue)到10月(yue)江西(xi)省文物考古研究所(suo)和(he)泰和(he)縣博物館(guan)一起進(jin)行了試(shi)掘(jue),2004年(nian)12月(yue)正(zheng)式發(fa)掘(jue)。考古發(fa)現,該城(cheng)始筑于(yu)西(xi)漢,延(yan)用至東晉末年(nian)前后。
白口城(cheng)(cheng)址總面(mian)(mian)積達23萬平方米(mi)(mi),形(xing)狀呈倒梯形(xing),分為(wei)內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)和外城(cheng)(cheng)。外城(cheng)(cheng)長1941米(mi)(mi),大部分保(bao)存完(wan)好。內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)呈方形(xing),位于城(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)(nei)北(bei)側,長861米(mi)(mi),面(mian)(mian)積4.3萬平方米(mi)(mi)。現(xian)發現(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)門10處,其中(zhong)內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)西北(bei)門為(wei)“凹”形(xing)結(jie)構,似為(wei)“甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)” 。城(cheng)(cheng)墻為(wei)土(tu)筑,城(cheng)(cheng)外有護城(cheng)(cheng)河(he),由南往(wang)北(bei)流入贛江。航空遙感拍攝的照(zhao)片顯示(shi),白口城(cheng)(cheng)址保(bao)存較為(wei)完(wan)好,古城(cheng)(cheng)的布(bu)局、結(jie)構非常(chang)清晰(xi)。
據《南(nan)史》、《陳(chen)(chen)(chen)書》等(deng)記載,南(nan)朝(chao)梁(liang)侯(hou)景(jing)之亂時(shi),大(da)寶(bao)元年(550年),陳(chen)(chen)(chen)霸先自(zi)嶺南(nan)引(yin)軍討伐侯(hou)景(jing),坐鎮南(nan)康。高(gao)州(zhou)刺史李遷(qian)仕(shi)(shi)在(zai)寧都人劉藹等(deng)資助下(xia),順(shun)贛(gan)江而下(xia),進(jin)擊陳(chen)(chen)(chen)霸先。陳(chen)(chen)(chen)霸先派遣杜(du)僧(seng)明據白(bai)口(kou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)加固城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻抵御,李遷(qian)仕(shi)(shi)則(ze)于其東面筑古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)相對。次年,杜(du)僧(seng)明攻破古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),俘虜(lu)李遷(qian)仕(shi)(shi),送(song)往南(nan)康斬(zhan)首(shou)。是年六月,陳(chen)(chen)(chen)霸先進(jin)軍西昌,駐(zhu)白(bai)口(kou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),當時(shi)“有龍見于水(shui)濱,高(gao)五丈許,五采鮮耀,軍民觀者數萬(wan)人”,陳(chen)(chen)(chen)霸先一時(shi)威(wei)望大(da)振,數年后代梁(liang)稱帝建立了陳(chen)(chen)(chen)朝(chao)。
泰(tai)(tai)和縣(xian)(xian)博(bo)物(wu)館館長肖用(yong)桁(heng)介紹,因(yin)“地(di)(di)產嘉禾,和氣所(suo)(suo)生(sheng)”而(er)得名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)泰(tai)(tai)和,歷屬吳越(yue),西(xi)漢為(wei)古(gu)(gu)廬(lu)陵(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)地(di)(di),為(wei)著名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“西(xi)漢十(shi)八縣(xian)(xian)”之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。東(dong)漢為(wei)西(xi)昌(chang)縣(xian)(xian),為(wei)廬(lu)陵(ling)(ling)郡治,歷來(lai)就是江西(xi)一(yi)(yi)方(fang)政治文化(hua)中心,尤其是漢晉以來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史文化(hua)積淀,形成(cheng)了代表贛(gan)文化(hua)風貌的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本文化(hua)因(yin)子。泰(tai)(tai)和地(di)(di)處水(shui)陸要沖,其“咽喉(hou)荊廣、唇(chun)齒淮浙”由來(lai)已久(jiu)。昔秦皇漢武的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩次征伐嶺南(南越(yue)),數(shu)十(shi)萬浩浩大軍均由此經(jing)過。公元550年(nian),南朝陳霸(ba)先從始興發兵(bing)護主,正(zheng)是經(jing)過泰(tai)(tai)和,并(bing)(bing)(bing)在(zai)白(bai)口(kou)(kou)(kou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)屯兵(bing)激(ji)戰,之(zhi)后(hou)揮(hui)師北上(shang)建立了不(bu)朽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)帝業。 雖然(ran)《泰(tai)(tai)和縣(xian)(xian)志》和《吉(ji)安(an)府志》對白(bai)口(kou)(kou)(kou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)均有記載,但是這(zhe)座千年(nian)古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)(yi)直養在(zai)深閨人(ren)(ren)未(wei)知,并(bing)(bing)(bing)沒有深究(jiu)(jiu)其真正(zheng)蘊(yun)孕(yun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史價(jia)(jia)值。但是,一(yi)(yi)次偶然(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機會(hui),卻(que)使(shi)(shi)白(bai)口(kou)(kou)(kou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)重(zhong)放(fang)異(yi)彩,令世人(ren)(ren)矚目(mu)。2001年(nian)8月,修建贛(gan)粵高速(su)公路吉(ji)安(an)段時(shi),時(shi)任江西(xi)省(sheng)考古(gu)(gu)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)所(suo)(suo)副所(suo)(suo)長、現任江西(xi)省(sheng)博(bo)物(wu)館副館長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)劉詩中帶隊來(lai)到(dao)泰(tai)(tai)和縣(xian)(xian)境內高速(su)公路沿(yan)線進(jin)行(xing)文物(wu)勘(kan)查,當時(shi)只是看(kan)了沿(yan)線馬(ma)市鎮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先烈古(gu)(gu)樟和幾個古(gu)(gu)墓。在(zai)返回(hui)泰(tai)(tai)和縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)時(shi),陪同(tong)勘(kan)查的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)肖用(yong)桁(heng)想:省(sheng)里(li)專(zhuan)家來(lai)一(yi)(yi)趟也不(bu)容易,何(he)不(bu)建議他(ta)(ta)們(men)到(dao)離縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)僅3公里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)白(bai)口(kou)(kou)(kou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址(zhi)看(kan)看(kan),聽聽他(ta)(ta)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意見。因(yin)白(bai)口(kou)(kou)(kou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)不(bu)在(zai)高速(su)公路旁(pang),非(fei)此次勘(kan)查范圍(wei),加上(shang)其僅是縣(xian)(xian)級文物(wu)保護單位(wei),并(bing)(bing)(bing)未(wei)引起(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)們(men)關注。當車拐上(shang)往白(bai)口(kou)(kou)(kou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)路時(shi),有人(ren)(ren)說:“到(dao)那(nei)地(di)(di)方(fang)去干(gan)什(shen)么,無東(dong)西(xi)可看(kan)。”然(ran)而(er),當劉詩中一(yi)(yi)走(zou)上(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)頭時(shi),他(ta)(ta)就情(qing)(qing)不(bu)自禁地(di)(di)贊嘆:“真是國寶(bao),很(hen)有價(jia)(jia)值!” 回(hui)憶(yi)起(qi)(qi)當時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)景(jing),肖用(yong)桁(heng)仍然(ran)很(hen)興奮,他(ta)(ta)說,省(sheng)專(zhuan)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)次“造訪”,使(shi)(shi)泰(tai)(tai)和縣(xian)(xian)文物(wu)工(gong)作者感到(dao)振奮。隨(sui)后(hou),他(ta)(ta)們(men)趕往南昌(chang),向(xiang)省(sheng)文化(hua)廳、省(sheng)文物(wu)局、省(sheng)文物(wu)考古(gu)(gu)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)所(suo)(suo)作了有關白(bai)口(kou)(kou)(kou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址(zhi)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)詳細匯報,并(bing)(bing)(bing)請(qing)求進(jin)行(xing)考古(gu)(gu)發掘(jue)。
肖用(yong)桁(heng)館長(chang)告(gao)訴記(ji)者(zhe),2001年9月(yue)(yue)至10月(yue)(yue)和(he)(he)2004年12月(yue)(yue)至2005年1月(yue)(yue),江(jiang)西省(sheng)文(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)考(kao)古(gu)(gu)研究所(suo)副所(suo)長(chang)徐(xu)長(chang)青(qing)(qing)率領(ling)的考(kao)古(gu)(gu)小組在泰和(he)(he)縣博物(wu)(wu)(wu)館的配(pei)合(he)下,對白口(kou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)進(jin)行了(le)考(kao)古(gu)(gu)勘探,分(fen)別(bie)進(jin)行了(le)試(shi)掘(jue)(jue)和(he)(he)正式(shi)發(fa)掘(jue)(jue)。考(kao)古(gu)(gu)勘探以東(dong)(dong)西向(xiang)直(zhi)線布(bu)點鉆探,共布(bu)直(zhi)線9條,遍布(bu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)的主要地區。從(cong)勘查和(he)(he)發(fa)掘(jue)(jue)得知,外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)全長(chang)1941米,除(chu)北(bei)(bei)側(ce)(ce)部分(fen)損毀外,大都保存(cun)(cun)完(wan)(wan)好。內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)呈方形,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)全長(chang)861米,面(mian)積4﹒3萬(wan)平方米,文(wen)化堆(dui)積普遍達1﹒8至2﹒2米。 外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)現(xian)存(cun)(cun)7處豁(huo)口(kou),西北(bei)(bei)角、南正中及北(bei)(bei)正中3處豁(huo)口(kou)均可定為城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)。外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西北(bei)(bei)角城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)35米,其(qi)底基(ji)距現(xian)贛江(jiang)水(shui)面(mian)落差僅2米,贛江(jiang)水(shui)上漲時(shi),河(he)(he)水(shui)可直(zhi)接入城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei),推測為水(shui)門(men)。南正中門(men)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)28米,為“凸”形結(jie)構,從(cong)其(qi)上殘存(cun)(cun)疊壓(ya)的瓦(wa)(wa)片(pian)分(fen)析,該處原可能為一門(men)闕。北(bei)(bei)正中城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)15米,入門(men)較陡(dou),可分(fen)別(bie)進(jin)入內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)(he)外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。 城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)為土(tu)(tu)筑(zhu),高度因(yin)地勢的南高北(bei)(bei)低而(er)相(xiang)反,從(cong)而(er)使城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)四(si)周基(ji)本(ben)處于(yu)同(tong)一水(shui)平面(mian)上。南城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)高4﹒5米,東(dong)(dong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)高10﹒2米,北(bei)(bei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)則高達20﹒5米;城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)頂寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)2-3米,基(ji)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)20-28米,以北(bei)(bei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)基(ji)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外有(you)(you)護(hu)(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河(he)(he),南側(ce)(ce)護(hu)(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河(he)(he)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)16﹒5米,深1﹒5米,東(dong)(dong)西兩側(ce)(ce)護(hu)(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河(he)(he)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)逾(yu)30米,護(hu)(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河(he)(he)由南往北(bei)(bei)流入贛江(jiang)。 發(fa)掘(jue)(jue)中,出(chu)土(tu)(tu)了(le)春秋戰國(guo)時(shi)漢(han)晉時(shi)期(qi)珍(zhen)貴文(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)數(shu)百件,有(you)(you)大型(xing)建(jian)筑(zhu)材料:長(chang)達40厘米的板瓦(wa)(wa)、筒(tong)瓦(wa)(wa),一批保存(cun)(cun)完(wan)(wan)好的圓形瓦(wa)(wa)當(dang),其(qi)紋瓦(wa)(wa)當(dang)酷似秦咸陽宮出(chu)土(tu)(tu)文(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu),頗具秦文(wen)化風格;有(you)(you)青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)兵器(qi)(qi):青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)箭鏃;有(you)(you)生產生活(huo)用(yong)具、鐵器(qi)(qi)、陶(tao)紡輪、陶(tao)網墜、陶(tao)通風管,還(huan)有(you)(you)大量的鐵渣、銅(tong)渣、銅(tong)飾(shi)件等。同(tong)時(shi),在白口(kou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址(zhi)的南面(mian)和(he)(he)西面(mian)還(huan)發(fa)現(xian)“天子堆(dui)”、皇帝地等與城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)同(tong)時(shi)代(dai)的古(gu)(gu)墓群。 肖用(yong)桁(heng)說,專家們從(cong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)解剖(pou)結(jie)果表明白口(kou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為板筑(zhu)法筑(zhu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),分(fen)層棍棒夯筑(zhu),而(er)層內(nei)出(chu)土(tu)(tu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)均為漢(han)代(dai)板瓦(wa)(wa)殘片(pian),故其(qi)時(shi)代(dai)應在漢(han)代(dai),也就是說該城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)始(shi)筑(zhu)于(yu)西漢(han)初年,使用(yong)年代(dai)至少延(yan)續(xu)到(dao)東(dong)(dong)晉。
肖(xiao)用桁告(gao)訴(su)記者,吉(ji)安古稱廬陵(ling),廬陵(ling)縣建于秦末漢初,治(zhi)所在西昌已見(jian)于史載,但城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)的具體(ti)位置一直(zhi)無定論,白口城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的勘探,確定了白口城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為廬陵(ling)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。
肖用(yong)桁(heng)介紹,秦始皇統(tong)一(yi)六國推行郡(jun)(jun)縣(xian)(xian)制,分(fen)天下(xia)三(san)十六郡(jun)(jun),其中九江郡(jun)(jun)轄江西部分(fen)地區(qu)。《明一(yi)統(tong)志》云:“始皇二十四年(nian)王(wang)翦(jian)滅楚,虜負芻,明年(nian)(公元前222年(nian))置(zhi)(zhi)廬(lu)陵(ling)(ling)、安平、新淦三(san)縣(xian)(xian),屬九江郡(jun)(jun)。”《泰(tai)和縣(xian)(xian)志》沿革表:“秦廬(lu)陵(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)屬九江郡(jun)(jun),唐(tang)志、舊志未載縣(xian)(xian)治,疑即(ji)西昌(chang)。漢高(gao)帝(di)(di)二年(nian)分(fen)淮南立豫章郡(jun)(jun),唐(tang)志故縣(xian)(xian)在今泰(tai)和縣(xian)(xian)西三(san)里。”乾隆版《吉安府志》引《太平寰宇記》:“漢高(gao)帝(di)(di)五年(nian),以廬(lu)陵(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)屬豫章郡(jun)(jun),故廬(lu)陵(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)在今泰(tai)和縣(xian)(xian)西三(san)里。”以上史載不但闡明了(le)廬(lu)陵(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)的(de)設置(zhi)(zhi)時間,而(er)且指(zhi)出(chu)了(le)其治所的(de)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)。
《晉(jin)書(shu)》地志(zhi)廬(lu)陵郡(jun)條下注云:吳置(zhi),其屬有(you)西昌(chang)(chang)、高(gao)昌(chang)(chang)、石陽(yang)、巴邱(qiu)(qiu)、南(nan)野(ye)、東(dong)昌(chang)(chang)、遂興、吉陽(yang)、興平、陽(yang)豐十縣(xian)。《宋書(shu)》:領縣(xian)九,曰:石陽(yang),西昌(chang)(chang)、東(dong)昌(chang)(chang)、吉陽(yang)、巴邱(qiu)(qiu)、興平、陽(yang)豐、高(gao)昌(chang)(chang)、遂興。《南(nan)齊書(shu)》同,梁、陳無地志(zhi)。又(you)《舊(jiu)唐(tang)書(shu)》地志(zhi)云:廬(lu)陵漢縣(xian),后改為(wei)(wei)(wei)西昌(chang)(chang),舊(jiu)志(zhi)稱置(zhi)西昌(chang)(chang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)郡(jun)治(zhi)。從《晉(jin)書(shu)》與《唐(tang)書(shu)》考歷(li)代史及(ji)省府(fu)各志(zhi)所載(zai),省、府(fu)、州、縣(xian)皆先附郭之名。如《晉(jin)書(shu)》所載(zai)即以(yi)(yi)西昌(chang)(chang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)首(shou)縣(xian),后遷石陽(yang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)郡(jun)治(zhi),《宋書(shu)》所載(zai)即以(yi)(yi)石陽(yang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)首(shou)縣(xian),“后漢末以(yi)(yi)廬(lu)陵縣(xian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)郡(jun),置(zhi)西昌(chang)(chang)縣(xian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)廬(lu)陵郡(jun)治(zhi)”。由此可以(yi)(yi)認定(ding)當時(shi)廬(lu)陵郡(jun)治(zhi)在西昌(chang)(chang)。
按《泰(tai)和縣(xian)志》唐(tang)乾元三(san)年(nian)(公元760年(nian)),縣(xian)治由西(xi)(xi)昌(chang)故城(cheng)遷至白下(xia)驛西(xi)(xi),名白下(xia)城(cheng)(即大致為(wei)今縣(xian)城(cheng)),而之前(qian)的(de)西(xi)(xi)昌(chang)故城(cheng)在(zai)(zai)縣(xian)西(xi)(xi)三(san)里(li),即東起坳街(jie),西(xi)(xi)至街(jie)尾,南(nan)靠澄江河,北(bei)至竹(zhu)筱巷。唐(tang)朝(chao)前(qian)期(qi)縣(xian)治在(zai)(zai)西(xi)(xi)城(cheng),白口古(gu)城(cheng)恰(qia)好在(zai)(zai)西(xi)(xi)昌(chang)城(cheng)西(xi)(xi)三(san)里(li),與以(yi)上史籍相符(fu)。有(you)資料認(ren)(ren)為(wei),廬陵縣(xian)在(zai)(zai)今泰(tai)和縣(xian)城(cheng)西(xi)(xi)北(bei)30公里(li)處,肖(xiao)用(yong)桁稱,這(zhe)種認(ren)(ren)為(wei)是不(bu)正(zheng)確(que)的(de),因為(wei)西(xi)(xi)漢(han)初豫章郡(現江西(xi)(xi))僅有(you)18個縣(xian),人(ren)口不(bu)過(guo)35﹒2萬人(ren),平均(jun)一(yi)(yi)個縣(xian)只有(you)2萬人(ren)。那時(shi)農(nong)業(ye)耕(geng)作(zuo)剛脫(tuo)離“刀(dao)耕(geng)火種”的(de)原始粗放(fang)方(fang)式(shi),尚處于(yu)(yu)封建(jian)社(she)會早期(qi),生產(chan)力不(bu)發達,人(ren)口又稀疏,不(bu)可能在(zai)(zai)面積達23萬平方(fang)米的(de)白口城(cheng)西(xi)(xi)北(bei)30公里(li)地同時(shi)還有(you)一(yi)(yi)座作(zuo)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)方(fang)政(zheng)治、經濟、文化(hua)中心的(de)城(cheng)池(chi),更何(he)況當地文物工作(zuo)者多次有(you)針對性的(de)調查,在(zai)(zai)縣(xian)城(cheng)西(xi)(xi)北(bei)方(fang)向一(yi)(yi)直未發現一(yi)(yi)絲(si)古(gu)城(cheng)遺址(zhi)的(de)蹤(zong)跡。而白口城(cheng)始筑于(yu)(yu)西(xi)(xi)漢(han)初年(nian),沿用(yong)到(dao)東晉末年(nian)前(qian)后(hou),它與古(gu)廬陵縣(xian)的(de)創(chuang)建(jian)至升廬陵郡后(hou)外遷和西(xi)(xi)昌(chang)縣(xian)的(de)初建(jian)年(nian)代(dai)基本相符(fu)。
再者(zhe),白口(kou)(kou)(kou)城位(wei)于(yu)(yu)贛江(jiang)邊,處(chu)于(yu)(yu)水陸要沖,區位(wei)優勢(shi)明(ming)顯,昔(xi)秦皇漢武的兩次征伐嶺南,數十萬浩浩大軍(jun)均由此(ci)經過,上(shang)世(shi)紀(ji)70年代(dai),泰和(he)鄰(lin)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)遂川(chuan)出土的一批(pi)秦代(dai)銅(tong)制兵(bing)器便是證明(ming)。從泰和(he)的行(xing)政治(zhi)所(suo)的歷史變遷(qian)來看,廬(lu)陵縣(xian)(xian)(xian)始建于(yu)(yu)白口(kou)(kou)(kou)城,漢興平(ping)元年(公元194年)升遷(qian)為(wei)郡置(zhi)西(xi)昌(chang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)時(shi),郡縣(xian)(xian)(xian)治(zhi)同在白口(kou)(kou)(kou)城。光緒版《泰和(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)志》記載(zai):“西(xi)昌(chang)為(wei)郡治(zhi)耳。”肯定了郡、縣(xian)(xian)(xian)同一治(zhi)所(suo),與此(ci)相符。綜上(shang)所(suo)述,即可確定白口(kou)(kou)(kou)城為(wei)廬(lu)陵城。
肖用桁(heng)說(shuo),對白(bai)口(kou)城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勘(kan)探,其意義不僅(jin)僅(jin)確定了白(bai)口(kou)城(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)廬(lu)陵城(cheng)(cheng),從而(er)破解了困擾人(ren)們千百年來古(gu)稱(cheng)廬(lu)陵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吉安源頭之謎,而(er)且對帶動江(jiang)西(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)考古(gu)研究(jiu)和對于(yu)地(di)域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、歷史的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)江(jiang)西(xi)(xi)古(gu)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)研究(jiu)都具有(you)(you)顯(xian)著的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)值(zhi)。徐長(chang)青等專家曾撰文(wen)(wen)認為(wei)(wei),20世紀80年代文(wen)(wen)物普查時,僅(jin)發現柴桑、梟阝(fu)陽、南(nan)野等城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)遺物較(jiao)豐富。其中(zhong)柴桑城(cheng)(cheng)僅(jin)有(you)(you)記載和漢(han)晉時期墓(mu)葬依據,梟阝(fu)陽城(cheng)(cheng)僅(jin)剩(sheng)數十米城(cheng)(cheng)墻且已陷入(ru)鄱陽湖(hu)包圍中(zhong),南(nan)野城(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)秦軍守南(nan)野界之地(di),今存(cun)城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)約4﹒6萬平(ping)(ping)方米。而(er)白(bai)口(kou)城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)達23萬平(ping)(ping)方米,無(wu)論從規模還是(shi)保存(cun)狀況(kuang),在(zai)江(jiang)西(xi)(xi)省都是(shi)當之無(wu)愧的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大和好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。因此,從研究(jiu)白(bai)口(kou)城(cheng)(cheng)入(ru)手帶動江(jiang)西(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)研究(jiu)具有(you)(you)較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意義。白(bai)口(kou)城(cheng)(cheng)位于(yu)贛中(zhong)腹(fu)地(di),為(wei)(wei)贛江(jiang)中(zhong)游(you)入(ru)上(shang)游(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“咽(yan)喉”所在(zai),它在(zai)贛北、贛中(zhong)、贛南(nan)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)承(cheng)鏈條上(shang)具有(you)(you)十分顯(xian)赫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)理優勢,贛江(jiang)中(zhong)下游(you)豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原始文(wen)(wen)化(hua)如吳城(cheng)(cheng)、新干商(shang)墓(mu)以及戰國糧倉(cang)等著名的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)遺址(zhi)(zhi)均位于(yu)這(zhe)一文(wen)(wen)化(hua)傳(chuan)承(cheng)帶上(shang)。從這(zhe)個(ge)意義上(shang)講,研究(jiu)白(bai)口(kou)城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)對于(yu)地(di)域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、歷史的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)江(jiang)西(xi)(xi)古(gu)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)都具有(you)(you)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意義。