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黑(hei)龍江(jiang)(jiang)白(bai)樺(hua)川濕地(di)公園位于黑(hei)龍江(jiang)(jiang)省寧安市(shi)沙蘭鎮(zhen)北部(bu)(bu)，屬長白(bai)山系，處在(zai)張廣才(cai)嶺和(he)老(lao)爺嶺之(zhi)間的牡丹江(jiang)(jiang)上游(you)谷地(di)，東臨三(san)陵鄉和(he)渤海鎮(zhen)，南(nan)與吉林省毗鄰(lin)，西部(bu)(bu)和(he)北部(bu)(bu)與海林鎮(zhen)相接。地(di)理坐標為：東經128°39′01″～128°48′15″，北緯44°12′04″～44°19′54″，南(nan)北距(ju)14.5 km，東西距(ju)12.2 km，總(zong)面積8571hm2。

濕(shi)地(di)(di)公園地(di)(di)處溫帶(dai)大(da)(da)陸性季(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)區，四季(ji)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)變化明顯。主要(yao)表現為春季(ji)風大(da)(da)干旱，夏季(ji)溫濕(shi)多雨，秋季(ji)多風干燥，冬季(ji)寒冷而漫(man)長。年(nian)平均氣(qi)(qi)溫在(zai)(zai)(zai)2.5°C左右，年(nian)平均降(jiang)水量在(zai)(zai)(zai)650毫米左右，主要(yao)集中(zhong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)7至8月份，無(wu)霜(shuang)期(qi)90至100天。

公園(yuan)內主要河流(liu)有哈拉河和蛤蟆塘(tang)河兩條(tiao)河流(liu)，他們均(jun)流(liu)入鏡泊(bo)湖，是鏡泊(bo)湖的(de)重(zhong)要水(shui)源地，該(gai)濕(shi)地公園(yuan)的(de)建設和發展對于維(wei)護鏡泊(bo)湖的(de)涵養水(shui)源及區域(yu)經(jing)濟(ji)發展將發揮(hui)重(zhong)要的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)價(jia)值和社會價(jia)值。

公園內分布(bu)有(you)(you)(you)大面(mian)積的(de)濕(shi)地(di)生態(tai)系統，主(zhu)要有(you)(you)(you)河流濕(shi)地(di)、湖(hu)泊濕(shi)地(di)、沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)濕(shi)地(di)和草(cao)塘（水生植物群落）等，沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)濕(shi)地(di)又可分為森(sen)林沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、灌叢沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)和草(cao)本沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)，如長白落葉松沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、長白落葉松-白樺沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、白樺沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、白樺-柳(liu)葉繡線菊沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)等森(sen)林沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)；柳(liu)葉繡線菊-苔草(cao)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、柳(liu)叢沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、蒿柳(liu)-苔草(cao)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)等灌叢沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)；修(xiu)氏苔草(cao)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、蘆葦沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、蘆葦-香蒲沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、小葉章沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、漂筏苔草(cao)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)等草(cao)本沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)，濕(shi)地(di)類型豐富，分布(bu)廣，面(mian)積大，幾乎囊括了我國(guo)北方(fang)林區的(de)所有(you)(you)(you)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)類型，有(you)(you)(you)著廣泛的(de)代表(biao)性，具有(you)(you)(you)我國(guo)溫帶濕(shi)地(di)的(de)典型特征(zheng)。

濕地公園內分布(bu)有野生(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)123科(ke)350屬(shu)605種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中蘚類(lei)24科(ke)47屬(shu)66種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，蕨類(lei)16科(ke)29屬(shu)46種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)83科(ke)274屬(shu)493種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其(qi)中，國(guo)(guo)家保護植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)：紅松(song)、黃檗、紫椴、烏(wu)蘇(su)里狐尾藻、水曲柳、浮(fu)葉慈(ci)菇(gu)和野大豆。豐富的(de)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)多樣(yang)性為(wei)眾(zhong)多野生(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)提供(gong)了良好的(de)棲(qi)息環境，據調查公園內共(gong)分布(bu)有脊椎動物(wu)(wu)33目(mu)(mu)86科(ke)379種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其(qi)中，獸類(lei)6目(mu)(mu)15科(ke)49種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；魚類(lei)有5目(mu)(mu)11科(ke)52種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；兩棲(qi)類(lei)有2目(mu)(mu)6科(ke)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；爬行類(lei)共(gong)有3目(mu)(mu)4科(ke)12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；鳥類(lei)17目(mu)(mu)50科(ke)255種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。分布(bu)有國(guo)(guo)家Ⅰ級(ji)保護動物(wu)(wu)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，即紫貂 、東方白鸛、丹頂(ding)鶴(he)等(deng)；分布(bu)有國(guo)(guo)家Ⅱ級(ji)保護動物(wu)(wu)43種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，如棕(zong)熊、黑熊、水獺(ta)、猞猁、馬(ma)鹿(lu)、鴛(yuan)鴦、花尾榛雞等(deng)，充分顯示出該濕地公園的(de)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多樣(yang)性。

根(gen)據國家濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園功(gong)(gong)能(neng)區(qu)(qu)劃的(de)理(li)論與原則，結合(he)(he)白樺川濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)資源(yuan)(yuan)分(fen)布(bu)特點及將該(gai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園劃分(fen)為(wei)(wei)五大功(gong)(gong)能(neng)區(qu)(qu)，即濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保育區(qu)(qu)、合(he)(he)理(li)利(li)用(yong)區(qu)(qu)、宣教展示(shi)區(qu)(qu)、恢(hui)復(fu)(fu)重(zhong)建區(qu)(qu)和管理(li)服務區(qu)(qu)。濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保育區(qu)(qu)分(fen)布(bu)在公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園內(nei)的(de)廣大區(qu)(qu)域(yu)，占(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)7468.88公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，主要(yao)分(fen)布(bu)著大面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)原生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性的(de)沼澤濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)和森(sen)林(lin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統(tong)，也是重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動物棲息地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)及候鳥繁殖停歇地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。合(he)(he)理(li)利(li)用(yong)區(qu)(qu)位(wei)于(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園的(de)中(zhong)部，占(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)611.49公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，包括濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)景觀游覽、森(sen)林(lin)人(ren)家、伐木場(chang)、熔(rong)巖浴場(chang)、火山口、暖泉和響泉、森(sen)林(lin)探險和狩獵(lie)場(chang)等。宣教展示(shi)區(qu)(qu)位(wei)于(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園中(zhong)部，占(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)為(wei)(wei)223.33公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，包括標(biao)本館、濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)植(zhi)物園、濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鳥類觀賞園和濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)知識宣傳館，充分(fen)利(li)用(yong)現有(you)的(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)資源(yuan)(yuan)和地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌條(tiao)件，以濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)動植(zhi)物活體(ti)或標(biao)本和圖片為(wei)(wei)載(zai)體(ti)向公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)眾展示(shi)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)科(ke)學內(nei)涵；恢(hui)復(fu)(fu)重(zhong)建區(qu)(qu)位(wei)于(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園南部，占(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)200.87公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，將公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園內(nei)退化的(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、林(lin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)或廢棄(qi)農田進行恢(hui)復(fu)(fu)，使其(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統(tong)恢(hui)復(fu)(fu)到初(chu)始狀態(tai)，提高(gao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統(tong)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)。管理(li)服務區(qu)(qu)占(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)36.85公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，包括管理(li)中(zhong)心、游客(ke)接待中(zhong)心和服務點等，建成后將成為(wei)(wei)集濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園管理(li)、職工(gong)教育及對外服務于(yu)一體(ti)的(de)綜合(he)(he)服務區(qu)(qu)。

東(dong)北(bei)林(lin)業(ye)大學(xue)(xue)、黑(hei)龍江省林(lin)業(ye)設計(ji)研究院(yuan)組(zu)(zu)成生態(tai)學(xue)(xue)、植(zhi)物(wu)學(xue)(xue)、土壤(rang)學(xue)(xue)、動(dong)物(wu)學(xue)(xue)、林(lin)學(xue)(xue)、地(di)理信息系統等多學(xue)(xue)科的(de)專家科考小組(zu)(zu)，先后(hou)對白樺川濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)的(de)自然概(gai)況(kuang)、動(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)資源以(yi)及社會經濟狀況(kuang)等進行了綜(zong)合考察。并在大量的(de)科學(xue)(xue)考察的(de)基礎上，完成了《黑(hei)龍江白樺川國家濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)總體(ti)規劃》，為(wei)白樺川濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)的(de)建設和發展提供了科學(xue)(xue)依據。

公(gong)園(yuan)內(nei)植物(wu)種類(lei)繁多，植被類(lei)型(xing)多樣，生境各異，自(zi)然景觀獨特，不僅分布有森林(lin)、沼澤、草(cao)甸、水域及(ji)草(cao)塘(tang)等生態系統(tong)類(lei)型(xing)，而(er)且還分布有五千(qian)年前火(huo)山噴發后(hou)形成的(de)熔巖臺(tai)地景觀，如火(huo)山口、熔巖臺(tai)地、熔巖浴場等，特殊(shu)的(de)歷史(shi)、特殊(shu)的(de)顏色(se)、特殊(shu)的(de)景觀，都會給(gei)游客帶來(lai)無窮(qiong)的(de)想象和好(hao)奇。因此，為了更(geng)好(hao)地保護(hu)這(zhe)片原生性沼澤濕地生態系統(tong)，提高人們保護(hu)生態環境及(ji)回歸(gui)自(zi)然的(de)情趣(qu)，建立白(bai)樺川國家濕地公(gong)園(yuan)將(jiang)具(ju)有重(zhong)要的(de)現(xian)實意義和歷史(shi)意義。