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黑龍江白樺川濕(shi)地(di)公園位于黑龍江省寧安市沙蘭鎮(zhen)(zhen)北部，屬長白山系，處在張廣(guang)才嶺(ling)和(he)老(lao)爺(ye)嶺(ling)之間的牡丹江上游谷地(di)，東(dong)臨三(san)陵(ling)鄉和(he)渤海(hai)(hai)鎮(zhen)(zhen)，南(nan)與吉(ji)林省毗鄰，西(xi)部和(he)北部與海(hai)(hai)林鎮(zhen)(zhen)相接。地(di)理坐標(biao)為：東(dong)經128°39′01″～128°48′15″，北緯44°12′04″～44°19′54″，南(nan)北距14.5 km，東(dong)西(xi)距12.2 km，總面積8571hm2。

濕地公園地處溫帶(dai)大陸性(xing)季風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候區，四(si)季氣(qi)(qi)候變化明顯(xian)。主要(yao)表現為春季風(feng)大干(gan)旱，夏季溫濕多雨，秋季多風(feng)干(gan)燥，冬季寒冷而漫長。年平均氣(qi)(qi)溫在2.5°C左(zuo)右，年平均降水量在650毫米(mi)左(zuo)右，主要(yao)集中在7至(zhi)8月份，無霜期(qi)90至(zhi)100天。

公園(yuan)內主要(yao)河流(liu)有哈拉(la)河和蛤蟆塘河兩條(tiao)河流(liu)，他們(men)均流(liu)入(ru)鏡(jing)泊湖，是鏡(jing)泊湖的(de)重要(yao)水源地，該濕地公園(yuan)的(de)建(jian)設和發(fa)展對(dui)于維護鏡(jing)泊湖的(de)涵養水源及區域經(jing)濟發(fa)展將發(fa)揮重要(yao)的(de)經(jing)濟價值和社會價值。

公園內分布有大面積的(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地生態系統，主要有河(he)流濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地、湖(hu)泊濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地、沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地和(he)草(cao)塘（水生植物群落）等，沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地又可(ke)分為森林沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、灌叢沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)和(he)草(cao)本(ben)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)，如長白落葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)松沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、長白落葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)松-白樺(hua)(hua)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、白樺(hua)(hua)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、白樺(hua)(hua)-柳(liu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)繡(xiu)線菊沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)等森林沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)；柳(liu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)繡(xiu)線菊-苔(tai)草(cao)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、柳(liu)叢沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、蒿柳(liu)-苔(tai)草(cao)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)等灌叢沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)；修(xiu)氏苔(tai)草(cao)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、蘆(lu)葦(wei)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、蘆(lu)葦(wei)-香蒲沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、小(xiao)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)章(zhang)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、漂(piao)筏苔(tai)草(cao)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)等草(cao)本(ben)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)，濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地類(lei)型(xing)豐富，分布廣，面積大，幾乎囊括了(le)我(wo)國北方林區的(de)(de)所有沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)類(lei)型(xing)，有著廣泛的(de)(de)代(dai)表性，具有我(wo)國溫帶濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地的(de)(de)典(dian)型(xing)特征。

濕地公園(yuan)(yuan)內分(fen)布(bu)有野(ye)生植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)123科(ke)(ke)350屬(shu)(shu)605種(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)蘚類(lei)(lei)24科(ke)(ke)47屬(shu)(shu)66種(zhong)(zhong)，蕨類(lei)(lei)16科(ke)(ke)29屬(shu)(shu)46種(zhong)(zhong)，種(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)83科(ke)(ke)274屬(shu)(shu)493種(zhong)(zhong)。其中(zhong)，國家(jia)保護植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有7種(zhong)(zhong)：紅松(song)、黃檗、紫椴、烏蘇里狐尾藻、水曲(qu)柳(liu)、浮(fu)葉慈菇和野(ye)大豆。豐富的(de)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)樣(yang)性為眾(zhong)多(duo)野(ye)生動物(wu)(wu)(wu)提(ti)供了良好的(de)棲息環境，據(ju)調查公園(yuan)(yuan)內共分(fen)布(bu)有脊(ji)椎動物(wu)(wu)(wu)33目(mu)86科(ke)(ke)379種(zhong)(zhong)。其中(zhong)，獸(shou)類(lei)(lei)6目(mu)15科(ke)(ke)49種(zhong)(zhong)；魚類(lei)(lei)有5目(mu)11科(ke)(ke)52種(zhong)(zhong)；兩棲類(lei)(lei)有2目(mu)6科(ke)(ke)11種(zhong)(zhong)；爬行類(lei)(lei)共有3目(mu)4科(ke)(ke)12種(zhong)(zhong)；鳥類(lei)(lei)17目(mu)50科(ke)(ke)255種(zhong)(zhong)。分(fen)布(bu)有國家(jia)Ⅰ級保護動物(wu)(wu)(wu)8種(zhong)(zhong)，即(ji)紫貂 、東方(fang)白鸛、丹頂鶴等；分(fen)布(bu)有國家(jia)Ⅱ級保護動物(wu)(wu)(wu)43種(zhong)(zhong)，如棕(zong)熊(xiong)、黑熊(xiong)、水獺、猞猁、馬(ma)鹿、鴛鴦、花(hua)尾榛雞等，充分(fen)顯示出該濕地公園(yuan)(yuan)的(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)樣(yang)性。

根據國(guo)家濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)功(gong)能區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)劃的(de)(de)理(li)(li)論(lun)與原則，結合白(bai)樺川濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)資源分布(bu)特(te)點及將該公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)劃分為五大功(gong)能區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，即(ji)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保(bao)育區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、合理(li)(li)利(li)用區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、宣(xuan)教(jiao)展示(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、恢(hui)復(fu)(fu)重(zhong)建區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)管(guan)理(li)(li)服(fu)務(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保(bao)育區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)分布(bu)在公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)內的(de)(de)廣大區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)，占(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)7468.88公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，主要(yao)分布(bu)著大面(mian)積(ji)原生(sheng)性的(de)(de)沼澤濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)和(he)森林生(sheng)態(tai)系統，也是重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)野生(sheng)動(dong)物棲(qi)息(xi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)及候鳥繁殖停歇(xie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。合理(li)(li)利(li)用區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)的(de)(de)中(zhong)部，占(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)611.49公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，包括(kuo)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)景觀游(you)覽(lan)、森林人家、伐木場(chang)、熔巖(yan)浴(yu)場(chang)、火山口、暖泉和(he)響(xiang)泉、森林探險和(he)狩獵場(chang)等。宣(xuan)教(jiao)展示(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)中(zhong)部，占(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)為223.33公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，包括(kuo)標(biao)本館、濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)植物園(yuan)、濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鳥類觀賞園(yuan)和(he)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)知識宣(xuan)傳(chuan)館，充(chong)分利(li)用現有的(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)資源和(he)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌條件，以(yi)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)動(dong)植物活體(ti)或(huo)標(biao)本和(he)圖(tu)片為載(zai)體(ti)向(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)眾展示(shi)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)科學內涵；恢(hui)復(fu)(fu)重(zhong)建區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)南部，占(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)200.87公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，將公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)內退化的(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、林地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)或(huo)廢棄農(nong)田進(jin)行恢(hui)復(fu)(fu)，使其生(sheng)態(tai)系統恢(hui)復(fu)(fu)到初始狀態(tai)，提高(gao)生(sheng)態(tai)系統功(gong)能。管(guan)理(li)(li)服(fu)務(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)占(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)36.85公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，包括(kuo)管(guan)理(li)(li)中(zhong)心(xin)、游(you)客接待中(zhong)心(xin)和(he)服(fu)務(wu)點等，建成(cheng)后將成(cheng)為集濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)管(guan)理(li)(li)、職(zhi)工教(jiao)育及對外服(fu)務(wu)于(yu)(yu)一體(ti)的(de)(de)綜(zong)合服(fu)務(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。

東北林(lin)業大(da)學(xue)(xue)、黑龍江省林(lin)業設計研究院(yuan)組(zu)成(cheng)生(sheng)態學(xue)(xue)、植物學(xue)(xue)、土壤學(xue)(xue)、動(dong)物學(xue)(xue)、林(lin)學(xue)(xue)、地理信息系統等多(duo)學(xue)(xue)科(ke)的(de)專家科(ke)考小組(zu)，先后對白樺川(chuan)(chuan)濕地公園(yuan)的(de)自然概況、動(dong)植物資源以及社會經(jing)濟狀況等進行了(le)綜合考察。并在大(da)量(liang)的(de)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)考察的(de)基礎上，完成(cheng)了(le)《黑龍江白樺川(chuan)(chuan)國家濕地公園(yuan)總體規劃》，為白樺川(chuan)(chuan)濕地公園(yuan)的(de)建設和發展(zhan)提(ti)供了(le)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)依據。

公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)內植物種類繁多，植被類型(xing)多樣，生(sheng)境(jing)各異，自然(ran)景觀獨特(te)，不僅分布有森林(lin)、沼澤(ze)、草(cao)甸、水(shui)域及草(cao)塘(tang)等生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系統類型(xing)，而(er)且還分布有五(wu)千年前火山(shan)噴發后形成的(de)熔(rong)巖(yan)臺(tai)地(di)(di)景觀，如(ru)火山(shan)口、熔(rong)巖(yan)臺(tai)地(di)(di)、熔(rong)巖(yan)浴(yu)場等，特(te)殊的(de)歷(li)史、特(te)殊的(de)顏色、特(te)殊的(de)景觀，都會給游(you)客帶來無窮的(de)想象和好奇(qi)。因此，為了更好地(di)(di)保(bao)護(hu)這片原生(sheng)性沼澤(ze)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系統，提(ti)高人們保(bao)護(hu)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環境(jing)及回歸(gui)自然(ran)的(de)情趣，建立白樺川國家濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)將具有重要的(de)現實意義(yi)和歷(li)史意義(yi)。