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地理位置

天(tian)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)位于(yu)上(shang)海(hai)市松江(jiang)區境內，距佘(she)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)南10公里(li)(li)，松江(jiang)區11公里(li)(li)。原名(ming)干(gan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，相傳春(chun)秋吳干(gan)將鑄劍于(yu)此而得名(ming)。據元代楊維(wei)楨《干(gan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)志》中記(ji)：“世傳夫(fu)差冢干(gan)將其(qi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”。又(you)據舊《圖經》記(ji)，有(you)(you)干(gan)姓(xing)者(zhe)居(ju)此；《圓智寺記(ji)》中也謂山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)后皆干(gan)姓(xing)所有(you)(you)，故名(ming)干(gan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。天(tian)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)勢陡峭，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)體脊(ji)線近東西(xi)方(fang)向，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)有(you)(you)兩峰(feng)(feng)，狀如(ru)行空天(tian)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)，首(shou)昂脊(ji)弓，故名(ming)。 天(tian)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)是佘(she)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)九(jiu)峰(feng)(feng)十二山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)中山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)林面積(ji)最(zui)大、海(hai)拔(ba)最(zui)高的一座山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)（上(shang)海(hai)陸上(shang)海(hai)拔(ba)最(zui)高點），周圍2．5公里(li)(li)，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)面積(ji)1800畝。 天(tian)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)歷史悠(you)久，人文薈萃，舊時為道(dao)教勝地(di)(di)，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang)多琳宮梵(fan)宇。每逢陽(yang)春(chun)三月，松郡鄉(xiang)民，詣山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)禮于(yu)中峰(feng)(feng)東岳祠，香(xiang)火(huo)特盛，故俗稱“燒(shao)香(xiang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”。

天馬山(shan)現(xian)如(ru)今也是上海越野跑(pao)步(bu)者(zhe)的(de)鐘愛之地(di)，在(zai)海拔普遍偏低的(de)上海地(di)區，天馬山(shan)給越野訓練提供了(le)良好(hao)的(de)場(chang)地(di)。2014年12月(yue)6號(hao)，松江的(de)跑(pao)步(bu)愛好(hao)者(zhe)和玩么野俱樂部一起(qi)組織了(le)第一屆(jie) 天馬山(shan)爬坡大賽，非常成(cheng)功(gong)。

歷史文化

在(zai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)麓有(you)三高士墓，山(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)麓有(you)二陸(lu)(lu)草堂(tang)、上峰(feng)(feng)寺(si)、圓(yuan)智教(jiao)(jiao)寺(si)、八仙坡、萬(wan)松(song)園、南(nan)園，山(shan)(shan)(shan)中(zhong)峰(feng)(feng)有(you)上清泉、朝(chao)真道院、東(dong)岳行(xing)宮(gong)(gong)、護珠塔、中(zhong)峰(feng)(feng)寺(si)、玉皇殿、餐霞館、來(lai)鶴軒、留云壁(bi)，山(shan)(shan)(shan)西麓有(you)半珠庵、濂(lian)池、竹溪精舍(she)、小孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)園等。天(tian)馬(ma)山(shan)(shan)(shan)歷代(dai)(dai)名(ming)人輩出(chu)，這(zhe)里既是(shi)宋(song)代(dai)(dai)望族周氏祖地(di)，周氏兄(xiong)弟周鏞(yong)、周鎬藏(zang)書之所，元代(dai)(dai)宣撫使周顯故居，也是(shi)晉代(dai)(dai)文(wen)學巨(ju)子(zi)陸(lu)(lu)機、陸(lu)(lu)云兄(xiong)弟讀書處，元代(dai)(dai)著(zhu)名(ming)文(wen)人楊維(wei)楨、錢惟善、陸(lu)(lu)居仁隱(yin)居之地(di)。在(zai)古時，天(tian)馬(ma)山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)還是(shi)聞(wen)名(ming)江南(nan)的(de)名(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)之一，僅山(shan)(shan)(shan)上百(bai)年以上古樹名(ming)木(mu)就多達數百(bai)棵，四周分布著(zhu)眾多道觀(guan)寺(si)廟(miao)，如朝(chao)真道院、東(dong)岳行(xing)宮(gong)(gong)、圓(yuan)智教(jiao)(jiao)寺(si)等，是(shi)宗教(jiao)(jiao)活動盛行(xing)的(de)地(di)區。明清之際，天(tian)馬(ma)山(shan)(shan)(shan)林木(mu)翳然。

道教文化

道教醫藥

天(tian)(tian)馬(ma)山(shan)(shan)（即松(song)(song)郡(jun)九(jiu)(jiu)峰(feng)）的(de)(de)道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)醫藥學的(de)(de)理論(lun)核心(xin)是以(yi)(yi)“精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)”為(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben)，保“精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)”為(wei)(wei)先(xian)。天(tian)(tian)馬(ma)山(shan)(shan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)醫藥（松(song)(song)郡(jun)九(jiu)(jiu)峰(feng)實為(wei)(wei)一體(ti)(ti)，九(jiu)(jiu)山(shan)(shan)相連）受吳(wu)越(yue)文化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)影響，吸(xi)收(shou)了(le)吳(wu)越(yue)文化(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)“養(yang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)”、海(hai)納百川理論(lun)，在(zai)醫藥理論(lun)上是以(yi)(yi)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)惟本(ben)(ben)，保精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)先(xian)。《景岳全書·脾胃》中(zhong)(zhong)說(shuo)：“人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)始生，本(ben)(ben)乎精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)血之(zhi)(zhi)原；人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)既生，由乎水(shui)谷之(zhi)(zhi)養(yang)。非精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)血，無以(yi)(yi)充(chong)形體(ti)(ti)之(zhi)(zhi)基；非水(shui)谷，無以(yi)(yi)成形體(ti)(ti)之(zhi)(zhi)壯(zhuang)。”黃帝《素(su)問(wen)·金匱真(zhen)言論(lun)》中(zhong)(zhong)說(shuo)“夫(fu)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)者，身之(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)(ben)也(ye)”，清周學海(hai)《讀醫隨(sui)筆(bi)·氣血精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)神論(lun)》中(zhong)(zhong)說(shuo)：“精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)有四(si)：曰精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)也(ye)，曰血也(ye)，曰津也(ye)，曰液也(ye)”。從(cong)(cong)以(yi)(yi)上這些文獻上可以(yi)(yi)看出，”精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)“是人(ren)生命之(zhi)(zhi)來源，人(ren)有邪(xie)氣盛則實，精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)氣奪則虛。因此，天(tian)(tian)馬(ma)山(shan)(shan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)醫藥中(zhong)(zhong)特別注重(zhong)“精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)”的(de)(de)保養(yang)。自從(cong)(cong)天(tian)(tian)馬(ma)山(shan)(shan)（松(song)(song)郡(jun)九(jiu)(jiu)峰(feng)）道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)創建以(yi)(yi)來，松(song)(song)郡(jun)九(jiu)(jiu)峰(feng)的(de)(de)道(dao)(dao)(dao)醫們(men)（如薛(xue)道(dao)(dao)(dao)人(ren)、彭真(zhen)人(ren)）就源源不斷(duan)地從(cong)(cong)民間(jian)吸(xi)取營養(yang)，引進技(ji)術，將流(liu)行(xing)在(zai)民間(jian)的(de)(de)各種健身養(yang)氣法(fa)(fa)收(shou)入道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)，加以(yi)(yi)宗教(jiao)化(hua)(hua)地改造(zao)，納入道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)醫藥體(ti)(ti)系中(zhong)(zhong)，成為(wei)(wei)松(song)(song)郡(jun)道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)醫藥體(ti)(ti)系中(zhong)(zhong)“養(yang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)”方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)準則。在(zai)用藥治(zhi)病療(liao)傷(shang)方(fang)(fang)面，道(dao)(dao)(dao)醫們(men)也(ye)是以(yi)(yi)養(yang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、潤精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、藏(zang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、補精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)主要治(zhi)療(liao)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)。

道教繪畫

改琦松江府城隍廟神像圖軸清代道(dao)教繪(hui)(hui)畫。所繪(hui)(hui)天(tian)尊、太上老(lao)君、雷(lei)天(tian)君、東陽觀主等神(shen)像，都不雷(lei)同，姿(zi)態各異(yi)，極為傳神(shen)。

九峰三泖圖

九(jiu)峰(feng)三(san)泖指松(song)郡九(jiu)及(ji)松(song)江(jiang)、青浦(pu)、金(jin)山(shan)至浙江(jiang)相連的小湖蕩。“九(jiu)峰(feng)三(san)泖”是(shi)一(yi)處山(shan)水勝地(di)(di)，也是(shi)道教勝地(di)(di)。此幅畫(hua)也是(shi)中國南宗山(shan)水畫(hua)與(yu)海派書畫(hua)的主要源頭。

地理環境

位置

天(tian)馬山位于上海松江(jiang)西(xi)(xi)北境內，是(shi)海上名(ming)山“松郡九峰”之一，方圓萬頃。天(tian)馬山東接辰(chen)山，西(xi)(xi)靠小昆(kun)山和(he)青浦(pu)練塘古(gu)鎮，南依歷(li)史名(ming)城浙江(jiang)省嘉興市，北臨崧(song)澤古(gu)文化遺(yi)址(zhi)。

地質地貌

天(tian)馬(ma)山(shan)地處長江三角(jiao)洲(zhou)前緣(yuan)河口濱海平(ping)原，周邊高(gao)峰林(lin)立。天(tian)馬(ma)山(shan)山(shan)勢陡(dou)峻，山(shan)體脊線近東西方向(xiang)，長約0.8公里，南(nan)北山(shan)體寬約1公里。南(nan)坡陡(dou)，常出(chu)現峭壁；北坡緩而長，山(shan)形不對稱。由中生代熔巖與火山(shan)碎屑巖構成(cheng)，局部有粗面(mian)流(liu)紋巖、英安流(liu)紋巖、粗面(mian)流(liu)紋質(zhi)熔結凝(ning)灰(hui)(hui)巖、流(liu)紋質(zhi)（巖屑）晶屑凝(ning)灰(hui)(hui)巖、流(liu)紋質(zhi)玻屑凝(ning)灰(hui)(hui)巖。明清(qing)之際，天(tian)馬(ma)山(shan)林(lin)木翳然，黑松、油(you)桐(tong)、毛竹、廣竹、等蔚然成(cheng)林(lin)，長勢旺盛。

氣候

天(tian)馬(ma)山屬北亞熱帶季(ji)(ji)風(feng)區域，受冷暖空氣(qi)影響(xiang)，四季(ji)(ji)分明，氣(qi)候溫和，雨水充沛，日照(zhao)充足(zu)，無霜(shuang)期長，冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)(ji)盛行西北風(feng)，受大(da)陸風(feng)侵襲，以少雨寒冷天(tian)氣(qi)為(wei)主；夏季(ji)(ji)盛行東南風(feng)，受來自海洋風(feng)控(kong)制(zhi)，天(tian)氣(qi)炎(yan)熱多雨；春秋季(ji)(ji)為(wei)冬(dong)(dong)夏季(ji)(ji)風(feng)交替時期，常形成(cheng)冷暖干濕多變等不(bu)穩定天(tian)氣(qi)，又由于冬(dong)(dong)夏季(ji)(ji)風(feng)強(qiang)弱和進退遲早不(bu)一，造成(cheng)年(nian)際變化上的差異。

植被

天馬(ma)山原(yuan)生植(zhi)被屬北亞熱帶常綠闊葉(xie)、落葉(xie)闊葉(xie)混(hun)合林，次生林為針闊混(hun)交林和針葉(xie)林，主要有水(shui)杉、柳(liu)杉、黑松、香樟(zhang)、白榆、櫸、槭、懸鈴(ling)木、青楓(feng)、梧桐(tong)、女貞、毛竹、蔑(mie)竹、棕櫚等(deng)。

宋代銀杏樹

緊挨護(hu)珠(zhu)寶光塔(ta)20米處，有一古(gu)銀(yin)杏(xing)樹(shu)，相傳(chuan)為(wei)宋銀(yin)甲將軍(jun)周文(wen)達親手種植，樹(shu)齡距今已(yi)有700多年(nian)。古(gu)樹(shu)分枝呈爪狀(zhuang)，互為(wei)呼應。當地人(ren)傳(chuan)說(shuo)古(gu)銀(yin)杏(xing)乃神之手，支撐著護(hu)珠(zhu)塔(ta)斜而不倒；又(you)傳(chuan)說(shuo)在樹(shu)干上(shang)釘(ding)(ding)上(shang)一只鐵(tie)釘(ding)(ding)，就(jiu)會得(de)子，故后(hou)人(ren)在樹(shu)身上(shang)釘(ding)(ding)有大量鐵(tie)釘(ding)(ding)，致使樹(shu)干大部分枯萎(wei)。值得(de)慶幸的是，還有一主枝長得(de)生意盎然。

自然資源

天馬山的藥用(yong)植物(wu)(wu)豐(feng)富，在《本草綱(gang)目》記載的1800多種中草藥中，天馬山就(jiu)有167多種。據1990年藥用(yong)植物(wu)(wu)普查(cha)結(jie)果，已知全山有藥材(cai)217種。因此，天馬山（松郡九峰）有“天然藥庫”之稱。藥用(yong)植物(wu)(wu)有曼陀羅、靈芝、玉簪、龍(long)(long)葵(kui)、何首烏、龍(long)(long)須草、丹參等名貴藥材(cai)。舊時(shi)在山中還能(neng)常見梅花鹿、虎、獐、豺、金錢豹(bao)、麂(ji)子、野豬等。