臺(tai)(tai)(tai)灣(wan)(wan)首(shou)廟天(tian)壇在(zai)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)灣(wan)(wan)省臺(tai)(tai)(tai)南市。因(yin)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)灣(wan)(wan)民(min)眾稱(cheng)玉皇大帝(di)為(wei)天(tian)公,故原(yuan)稱(cheng)“天(tian)公埕”、 “天(tian)公壇”或“天(tian)公廟”,1983年改為(wei)今名(ming)。臺(tai)(tai)(tai)南市舊名(ming)“赤嵌(qian)”。從清康(kang)熙(xi)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)三(san)年 (1684) 至光緒十(shi)(shi)三(san)年(1887)的(de)二(er)(er)百(bai)余年中,臺(tai)(tai)(tai)南一(yi)直是臺(tai)(tai)(tai)灣(wan)(wan)的(de)首(shou)府(fu),在(zai)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)北市定(ding)為(wei)省城 以前,是臺(tai)(tai)(tai)灣(wan)(wan)的(de)政(zheng)治、經(jing)濟(ji)、文化中心。南明桂王(wang)永歷十(shi)(shi)五年(1661)鄭(zheng)成功收復臺(tai)(tai)(tai)灣(wan)(wan) 奉明正(zheng)(zheng)朔,即(ji)(ji)在(zai)天(tian)壇原(yuan)址祭告天(tian)地。此后每(mei)年農歷正(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)初(chu)九即(ji)(ji)于(yu)天(tian)公埕西設廠(chang)舉行玉皇 上帝(di)圣(sheng)誕慶典。
清咸豐四年(nian)(1854),由地方(fang)鄉紳(shen)發起、官(guan)(guan)民集資在天(tian)(tian)公(gong)埕和(he)埕東(dong)吳(wu)姓宅基上(shang)興(xing)工(gong) 建廟,定名(ming)“天(tian)(tian)公(gong)壇”。翌年(nian),又增建后(hou)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。光緒二十五年(nian)重修(xiu),更名(ming)為天(tian)(tian)壇。1945年(nian) 臺灣(wan)光復后(hou),天(tian)(tian)壇又著手重修(xiu),1951年(nian)落(luo)成。1979年(nian)增建武圣殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。 天(tian)(tian)壇供奉(feng)主神為玉皇(huang)大(da)帝(di),同祀斗(dou)母、三(san)(san)官(guan)(guan)、南斗(dou)、北斗(dou)、張天(tian)(tian)師(shi)、圣母、觀音、 三(san)(san)清、關圣、文昌、岳(yue)武和(he)延平郡王(wang)等(deng)。全(quan)廟建筑(zhu)為三(san)(san)進(jin)宮殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)式。廟門前(qian)有小廣場,廣 場上(shang)有照墻,上(shang)雕(diao)雙龍搶(qiang)珠圖。廟的正(zheng)山門有石獅雄(xiong)踞(ju)左右(you),兩側偏門則有石鼓各(ge)一(yi)對(dui)。 前(qian)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)天(tian)(tian)井間,各(ge)有石雕(diao)龍柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)兩對(dui)。前(qian)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)龍柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為咸豐五年(nian)(1855)所造,正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)龍柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu) 為同治年(nian)間所鏤。石材來(lai)自大(da)陸,雕(diao)刻細密,造型(xing)古樸,堪稱(cheng)精品。
正殿(dian)(dian)(dian)中央置神龕一(yi)(yi)座,奉玉皇大帝(di)圣(sheng)(sheng)位,無神像。神龕周圍雕(diao)有(you)(you)龍型圖案(an),雕(diao)金(jin)飾 玉,金(jin)帳黃幔。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)頂(ding)木雕(diao)精巧,色(se)彩雅(ya)麗。外殿(dian)(dian)(dian)楹柱(zhu)上還(huan)懸有(you)(you)“一(yi)(yi)”字匾(bian)(bian),為臺(tai)南古都 三(san)大名匾(bian)(bian)之一(yi)(yi)。天壇(tan)后(hou)殿(dian)(dian)(dian),中央主奉三(san)清(qing)、斗(dou)(dou)(dou)母和三(san)宮,并配祀(si)南斗(dou)(dou)(dou)和北斗(dou)(dou)(dou)。左(zuo)側(ce)祀(si)奉 張(zhang)天師、普化天尊、東斗(dou)(dou)(dou)星君(jun)等;右(you)側(ce)祀(si)奉西斗(dou)(dou)(dou)、太乙、天醫、灶君(jun)等。天壇(tan)道士舉行(xing) 日常宗(zong)教儀式也在(zai)后(hou)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)。天壇(tan)三(san)進(jin)的左(zuo)廂(xiang)的另有(you)(you)武圣(sheng)(sheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian),重(zhong)檐(yan)歇山式,琉璃(li)瓦頂(ding)。武圣(sheng)(sheng) 殿(dian)(dian)(dian)的前殿(dian)(dian)(dian)奉祀(si)關(guan)帝(di),后(hou)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)奉祀(si)文昌(chang)、觀(guan)音、孚佑、圣(sheng)(sheng)母、月(yue)老、魁斗(dou)(dou)(dou)等神。天壇(tan)中存有(you)(you) 乾(qian)隆四十(shi)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(1776)臺(tai)灣知府蔡元樞所獻之四腳香(xiang)爐,多面(mian)清(qing)代古匾(bian)(bian)以(yi)及三(san)古碑(bei)。 每年(nian)農歷正月(yue)初九(jiu)玉皇大帝(di)誕(dan)辰為天壇(tan)主要慶(qing)典(dian)。六月(yue)二十(shi)四關(guan)帝(di)誕(dan)辰以(yi)及九(jiu)月(yue)初 九(jiu)九(jiu)皇壽誕(dan),亦有(you)(you)盛大的祭祀(si)活動。
清咸豐八年,天(tian)壇創立“如蘭堂會(hui)(hui)(hui)”作為(wei)其管(guan)理(li)機(ji)構(gou)。1974年由(you)(you)信徒代(dai)表大會(hui)(hui)(hui)選(xuan)舉(ju) 產生臺灣首廟(miao)天(tian)壇管(guan)理(li)委員(yuan)會(hui)(hui)(hui)。據1990年的資料,第(di)四屆管(guan)理(li)委員(yuan)會(hui)(hui)(hui)由(you)(you)鄭添池任主(zhu)任委 員(yuan)。