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簡介

峨眉山(shan)是中(zhong)國風景(jing)秀麗、寺(si)(si)廟(miao)主(zhu)供普賢菩薩的(de)(de)四(si)大佛(fo)教名(ming)山(shan)之(zhi)一（其(qi)余為山(shan)西五(wu)臺山(shan)、安(an)徽九華山(shan)、浙江普陀山(shan)）。位于四(si)川省峨眉山(shan)市西南。寺(si)(si)廟(miao)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)包括報(bao)國寺(si)(si)、伏(fu)虎(hu)寺(si)(si)、萬(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)寺(si)(si)、清音閣(ge)、洪椿坪、華嚴銅(tong)塔、圣積(ji)(ji)晚(wan)鐘(zhong)、無(wu)梁磚殿(dian)(dian)等。主(zhu)要有報(bao)國、萬(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)、伏(fu)虎(hu)三(san)大寺(si)(si)。在山(shan)麓(lu)入山(shan)門戶的(de)(de)報(bao)國寺(si)(si)，始建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于明萬(wan)(wan)(wan)歷(li)年(nian)(nian)間(jian)（1573-1620年(nian)(nian)），有清康熙(xi)御題(ti)匾額，寺(si)(si)內(nei)有彌勒、大雄、七(qi)(qi)佛(fo)等殿(dian)(dian)和藏經樓，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面積(ji)(ji)1.06萬(wan)(wan)(wan)平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)宏偉，內(nei)有明初(chu)彩釉瓷佛(fo)，高(gao)達2.4米(mi)(mi)。獅(shi)子峰下(xia)的(de)(de)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)寺(si)(si)初(chu)名(ming)普賢寺(si)(si)。創建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于東晉(jin)隆安(an)年(nian)(nian)間(jian)（397-401年(nian)(nian)），原殿(dian)(dian)宇(yu)(yu)七(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)，現存二重(zhong)(zhong)，系1953年(nian)(nian)重(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。內(nei)有無(wu)梁磚殿(dian)(dian)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于明萬(wan)(wan)(wan)歷(li)年(nian)(nian)間(jian)（1573-1620年(nian)(nian)），通(tong)高(gao)16米(mi)(mi)，為穹隆頂(ding)方(fang)形無(wu)梁殿(dian)(dian)，內(nei)有北宋太平(ping)(ping)興國五(wu)年(nian)(nian)（980年(nian)(nian)）鑄(zhu)造(zao)的(de)(de)普賢菩薩騎六(liu)牙(ya)白象銅(tong)鑄(zhu)像，通(tong)高(gao)7.3米(mi)(mi)，重(zhong)(zhong)62噸。伏(fu)虎(hu)嶺下(xia)的(de)(de)伏(fu)虎(hu)寺(si)(si)，始建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于唐代（618-907年(nian)(nian)），建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面積(ji)(ji)1.3萬(wan)(wan)(wan)平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)，寺(si)(si)宇(yu)(yu)殿(dian)(dian)堂(tang)林立，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)巍峨。牛心嶺下(xia)的(de)(de)清音閣(ge)有樓、閣(ge)、亭、臺等建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群體(ti)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面積(ji)(ji)2000平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)，黑、白龍(long)江在此相會，風景(jing)極佳。天池(chi)峰下(xia)的(de)(de)洪椿坪古(gu)稱(cheng)千佛(fo)庵(an)，三(san)重(zhong)(zhong)殿(dian)(dian)宇(yu)(yu)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面積(ji)(ji)3320平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)，寺(si)(si)內(nei)有清代七(qi)(qi)方(fang)千佛(fo)蓮燈(deng)具，雕工高(gao)超。 [1]

峨(e)眉(mei)山(shan)圣(sheng)壽萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)寺(si)銅鐵(tie)佛(fo)(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)中(zhong)國宋(song)、明(ming)(ming)佛(fo)(fo)教鑄像(xiang)(xiang)。在四川(chuan)省峨(e)眉(mei)山(shan)市峨(e)眉(mei)山(shan)半山(shan)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)寺(si)內(nei)(nei)。寺(si)創建于東晉，名(ming)普賢(xian)(xian)寺(si)，唐易名(ming)白水(shui)寺(si)，宋(song)更名(ming)白水(shui)普賢(xian)(xian)寺(si)。明(ming)(ming)神宗(zong)朱翊鈞賜名(ming)圣(sheng)壽萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)寺(si)。1947年(nian)(nian)秋，除明(ming)(ming)代磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)殿(dian)(dian)外幾毀(hui)壞殆盡。現有(you)殿(dian)(dian)宇兩重(zhong)(zhong)，系1953年(nian)(nian)重(zhong)(zhong)建。萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)寺(si)的銅鐵(tie)佛(fo)(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)，以磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)殿(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)宋(song)代普賢(xian)(xian)銅像(xiang)(xiang)最為著名(ming)，殿(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)其他(ta)小(xiao)佛(fo)(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)共331尊，皆玲瓏精麗。此外，巍(wei)峨(e)殿(dian)(dian)、大雄殿(dian)(dian)的銅鐵(tie)鑄像(xiang)(xiang)，亦(yi)屬珍貴。1961年(nian)(nian)中(zhong)華(hua)人民共和國國務院公布(bu)為全國重(zhong)(zhong)點文物(wu)保護單位。圣(sheng)壽萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)寺(si)（即峨(e)眉(mei)山(shan)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)寺(si)無(wu)粱磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)殿(dian)(dian)）建于明(ming)(ming)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)歷年(nian)(nian)間（1573～1620），為穹窿頂方形無(wu)梁殿(dian)(dian)，東向。殿(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)有(you)銅鐵(tie)佛(fo)(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)共306件(jian)。其中(zhong)普賢(xian)(xian)騎象巨型銅像(xiang)(xiang)1件(jian)，“圓(yuan)覺”鐵(tie)像(xiang)(xiang)24件(jian)，小(xiao)鐵(tie)佛(fo)(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)280件(jian)，小(xiao)銅佛(fo)(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)1件(jian)。均(jun)集(ji)中(zhong)存放于殿(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)。

普賢銅像

普(pu)(pu)賢銅像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)位于殿(dian)中，坐(zuo)西(xi)向(xiang)東(dong)。通高(gao)(gao)7.85米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，重約62噸（內(nei)(nei)侍(shi)奉旨監造(zao)(zao)(zao)）。佛(fo)(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)通體(ti)敷金(jin)(jin)，高(gao)(gao)3.64米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，雙(shuang)膝坐(zuo)于六牙(ya)象(xiang)背負(fu)之貼金(jin)(jin)蓮花座上。蓮高(gao)(gao)1.39米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，徑(jing)2.22米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。佛(fo)(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)頭帶雙(shuang)層金(jin)(jin)冠，冠高(gao)(gao)1.07米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，徑(jing)0.83米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。邊緣四周鑄有(you)金(jin)(jin)佛(fo)(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)；連眼微合，唇(chun)角稍斂，給人以莊嚴、肅(su)穆、慈祥之感(gan)；袒胸(xiong)飾(shi)瓔硌，身披袈裟；右(you)手執金(jin)(jin)如意(yi)，左手置胸(xiong)前，手心向(xiang)上。　六牙(ya)象(xiang)四蹄(ti)遒勁有(you)力，卷(juan)鼻(bi)(bi)舒(shu)尾(wei)，似將遠行，很富動感(gan)；背飾(shi)雕鞍。象(xiang)高(gao)(gao)3.13米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，長(chang)（鼻(bi)(bi)端(duan)至(zhi)尾(wei)椎）5.23米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，背寬2.20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，胸(xiong)圍6.85米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，頸圍4.15米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，鼻(bi)(bi)端(duan)離地面0.08米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)；腿長(chang)1.3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)；耳縱長(chang)1.35米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)；牙(ya)6個(ge)，左右(you)各3，皆長(chang)0.9米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)；四蹄(ti)各踏蓮花蹬，蹬徑(jing)1.0米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，高(gao)(gao)0.3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。佛(fo)(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)體(ti)空(kong)、壁厚，平均厚約0.1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。整個(ge)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)體(ti)，系分塊焊接而成。為北宋太(tai)平興(xing)國五年（公(gong)元980年），宋太(tai)宗(zong)趙光命內(nei)(nei)侍(shi)張仁贊，攜(xie)金(jin)(jin)于成都鑄造(zao)(zao)(zao)，運至(zhi)此地組裝。曾經歷明(ming)(ming)萬歷二十(shi)七年（公(gong)元1599年）和明(ming)(ming)末3次(ci)火災，以及民國35年（公(gong)元1946年）1次(ci)火災峨眉山相傳(chuan)為普(pu)(pu)賢道場(chang)，而宋代普(pu)(pu)賢銅像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)又保存于萬年寺明(ming)(ming)磚殿(dian)內(nei)(nei)，說明(ming)(ming)此處正是普(pu)(pu)賢道場(chang)的中心所在。殿(dian)內(nei)(nei)上部(bu)橫龕6道，列置小銅佛(fo)(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)307尊(zun)(zun)；四壁下部(bu)小龕24個(ge)，各置小鐵佛(fo)(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)1尊(zun)(zun)，鑄造(zao)(zao)(zao)也很精美。大(da)雄殿(dian)內(nei)(nei)有(you)大(da)型(xing)銅佛(fo)(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)3尊(zun)(zun)，系明(ming)(ming)嘉靖甲(jia)午年（即(ji)嘉靖十(shi)三年，1534）鑄造(zao)(zao)(zao)。巍峨殿(dian)內(nei)(nei)的佛(fo)(fo)、道銅鐵像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)為明(ming)(ming)、清(qing)遺物。