三十六行:是舊時對各行(xing)(xing)各業(ye)的通稱(cheng)(cheng),也是中國唐代(dai)社(she)會主要行(xing)(xing)業(ye)的統稱(cheng)(cheng),反映當(dang)時社(she)會行(xing)(xing)業(ye)的分(fen)工。
出自(zi)清·李漁《玉搔(sao)頭》:“三十(shi)六行,行行相妒。”
三十六行分別指:肉肆行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、宮(gong)粉行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、成衣(yi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、玉(yu)石(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、球寶行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、絲綢行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、米(mi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、首飾行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、紙行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、海味行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、鮮魚(yu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、文(wen)房(fang)用具行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、茶行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、竹木(mu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、酒米(mi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、鐵器行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、顧繡行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、針線行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、湯店行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、藥肆行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、扎(zha)作(zuo)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、仵作(zuo)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、巫(wu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、驛傳行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、陶土行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、棺木(mu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、皮革行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、故(gu)舊行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、醬料(liao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、柴行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。網罟行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、花(hua)(hua)紗行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、雜耍行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、彩興行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、鼓樂行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和花(hua)(hua)果行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。
三十六行行行出狀元:比喻不論干哪一行,只要(yao)熱愛本職工作,都能做(zuo)出優異的成(cheng)績(ji)。
在宋朝的時候,有個(ge)(ge)叫葉元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)清(qing)(qing)的人被點為(wei)狀元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),葉元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)清(qing)(qing)騎(qi)著(zhu)高頭大(da)馬,得意洋(yang)洋(yang)地在街上(shang)(shang)走著(zhu)。來(lai)到一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)路(lu)(lu)口時,只見一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)樵(qiao)夫(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)避(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)讓,照舊往前走,衙役們高喊讓道,樵(qiao)夫(fu)(fu)才停(ting)在路(lu)(lu)口說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“新科狀元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)有什(shen)么(me)了(le)(le)不(bu)(bu)(bu)起!如(ru)(ru)果我(wo)(wo)小時候能夠上(shang)(shang)學,現(xian)在也是一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)狀元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)!”葉元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)清(qing)(qing)聞(wen)言大(da)怒,喝道:“山(shan)村(cun)匹夫(fu)(fu),如(ru)(ru)此不(bu)(bu)(bu)自量力!還是老老實實砍(kan)你的柴(chai)去吧(ba),樵(qiao)夫(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)以為(wei)然(ran)地說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“天下學問多的是,就說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)砍(kan)柴(chai)吧(ba),我(wo)(wo)想怎么(me)砍(kan)就怎么(me)砍(kan),你能嗎?”狀元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)信(xin)。椎夫(fu)(fu)拿過一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)塊方木,在上(shang)(shang)面畫(hua)了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)條線,舉起斧頭往下一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)劈,正巧沿線劈開(kai)了(le)(le)木頭,這時,又走過來(lai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)賣油(you)(you)翁,嚷著(zhu)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“這有什(shen)么(me)了(le)(le)不(bu)(bu)(bu)起,如(ru)(ru)果我(wo)(wo)是樵(qiao)夫(fu)(fu),我(wo)(wo)也能這樣(yang)!”葉元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)清(qing)(qing)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)聽,就說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“好!我(wo)(wo)買你一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)斤九兩(liang)油(you)(you),但(dan)得用手(shou)倒。”賣油(you)(you)翁哈哈大(da)笑,合出(chu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)小瓶(ping),又在瓶(ping)口放了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)銅(tong)板(ban),拿起油(you)(you)桶(tong)便倒。只見油(you)(you)如(ru)(ru)同一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)根線一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)樣(yang)落入錢(qian)眼中,稱(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)稱(cheng),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)點不(bu)(bu)(bu)差。狀元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)看(kan)了(le)(le)兩(liang)人的表(biao)演,嘆(tan)了(le)(le)口氣說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“真是三十六行(xing),行(xing)行(xing)出(chu)狀元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)啊!”
后來(lai),人(ren)們又把三(san)十六行(xing)改(gai)為(wei)三(san)百六十行(xing),就成了(le)我們現在說的“三(san)百六十行(xing),行(xing)行(xing)出狀(zhuang)元”了(le)。