三十六行:是舊(jiu)時(shi)對各(ge)行(xing)各(ge)業的通(tong)稱,也是中國(guo)唐(tang)代社(she)會主要(yao)行(xing)業的統稱,反映當時(shi)社(she)會行(xing)業的分工(gong)。
出(chu)自(zi)清·李漁《玉搔頭》:“三十六行,行行相妒(du)。”
三十六行分別指:肉(rou)肆行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、宮粉(fen)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、成(cheng)衣行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、玉石行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、球寶行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、絲綢行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、米(mi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、首(shou)飾行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、紙行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、海味行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、鮮魚行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、文(wen)房用具行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、茶行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、竹木行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、酒(jiu)米(mi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、鐵器(qi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、顧繡行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、針線行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、湯店(dian)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、藥肆行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、扎作(zuo)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、仵(wu)作(zuo)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、巫行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、驛傳行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、陶土行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、棺木行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、皮革(ge)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、故舊(jiu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、醬料(liao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、柴(chai)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。網罟行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、花紗行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、雜耍行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、彩興(xing)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、鼓樂行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和花果行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。
三十六行行行出狀元:比喻不論(lun)干哪一行,只要熱愛本職(zhi)工作,都能做出優異的(de)成績。
在(zai)宋朝(chao)的時候,有(you)個叫葉(xie)(xie)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)清(qing)的人被點為狀元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),葉(xie)(xie)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)清(qing)騎著高頭(tou)(tou)大馬(ma),得意洋(yang)洋(yang)地在(zai)街上(shang)走著。來(lai)到一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個路(lu)口時,只(zhi)見(jian)(jian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個樵夫不(bu)避(bi)不(bu)讓,照(zhao)舊往前(qian)走,衙役們高喊讓道,樵夫才停(ting)在(zai)路(lu)口說(shuo)(shuo):“新科狀元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)有(you)什(shen)么(me)(me)(me)了(le)不(bu)起!如果(guo)(guo)我(wo)小(xiao)時候能(neng)夠上(shang)學(xue),現在(zai)也是一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個狀元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)!”葉(xie)(xie)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)清(qing)聞言大怒(nu),喝道:“山村(cun)匹(pi)夫,如此(ci)不(bu)自量力!還是老老實(shi)(shi)實(shi)(shi)砍你的柴去吧,樵夫不(bu)以為然地說(shuo)(shuo):“天下學(xue)問多的是,就(jiu)說(shuo)(shuo)砍柴吧,我(wo)想怎么(me)(me)(me)砍就(jiu)怎么(me)(me)(me)砍,你能(neng)嗎?”狀元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)不(bu)信。椎夫拿(na)過一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)塊方(fang)木,在(zai)上(shang)面(mian)畫了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)條線,舉起斧頭(tou)(tou)往下一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)劈,正巧沿線劈開(kai)了(le)木頭(tou)(tou),這(zhe)時,又走過來(lai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個賣(mai)油翁(weng),嚷(rang)著說(shuo)(shuo):“這(zhe)有(you)什(shen)么(me)(me)(me)了(le)不(bu)起,如果(guo)(guo)我(wo)是樵夫,我(wo)也能(neng)這(zhe)樣(yang)!”葉(xie)(xie)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)清(qing)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)聽,就(jiu)說(shuo)(shuo):“好!我(wo)買你一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)斤九兩(liang)(liang)油,但得用手(shou)倒(dao)(dao)。”賣(mai)油翁(weng)哈(ha)哈(ha)大笑,合出一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個小(xiao)瓶,又在(zai)瓶口放(fang)了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個銅板(ban),拿(na)起油桶便倒(dao)(dao)。只(zhi)見(jian)(jian)油如同一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)根線一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)樣(yang)落入錢(qian)眼(yan)中,稱(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)稱(cheng),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)點不(bu)差(cha)。狀元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)看了(le)兩(liang)(liang)人的表演,嘆了(le)口氣說(shuo)(shuo):“真是三十六行,行行出狀元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)啊!”
后來,人們(men)又(you)把三十六行(xing)(xing)改為三百(bai)六十行(xing)(xing),就成了(le)我(wo)們(men)現在說的(de)“三百(bai)六十行(xing)(xing),行(xing)(xing)行(xing)(xing)出狀(zhuang)元(yuan)”了(le)。