魯一同(tong)先世為(wei)明末翰林,清(qing)初(chu)隨吳三桂征討云南,后“窺(kui)其(qi)有異志,挈孥而逃于淮安之山(shan)陽,遂占籍焉。”后祖輩居安東(dong)東(dong)佃湖,所居成(cheng)村(cun),名魯家莊(今漣水縣方(fang)渡鄉)。清(qing)嘉慶(qing)九年乙丑(1805年),魯一同(tong)生于此,成(cheng)年后“始遷清(qing)河(今淮安市淮陰區(qu))”。其(qi)父(fu)長泰(tai),字瞻巖,號特(te)山(shan),別署(shu)小魚頭道人。乾隆辛亥(hai)(1791年)淮郡庠生,“工書善(shan)畫,閉(bi)門養素(su),以道自貞(zhen)”,尤(you)善(shan)繪(hui)花鳥蟲魚,世人重其(qi)畫雞(ji),時稱“魯雞(ji)”。
少年(nian)魯(lu)一同(tong)(tong)聰穎過人,幼從三姐蘭仙(字(zi)靈(ling)香)識(shi)字(zi),繼(ji)又隨之入塾(shu)。六歲通五音,“少長工(gong)為古文(wen)辭”,塾(shu)師徐念劬先(xian)生以(yi)孔文(wen)舉(ju)(融)、楊(yang)(yang)德祖(修)相期。十三歲從巢湖楊(yang)(yang)欲仁先(xian)生學(xue)(xue)。楊(yang)(yang)字(zi)體之,別號(hao)鐵梅道人,善畫(hua)梅,有(you)名(ming)于世(shi)。魯(lu)一同(tong)(tong)侍(shi)其作畫(hua),展紙研(yan)墨,觀摩學(xue)(xue)習,興趣油然(ran)而生,又從習畫(hua),盡得其傳(chuan)。十七歲入山(shan)陽縣學(xue)(xue),十八歲鄉試(shi)中副(fu)(fu)榜第二(er)名(ming)(副(fu)(fu)貢生)。道光十五年(nian)乙未(1835年(nian))中第二(er)十名(ming)舉(ju)人,時年(nian)三十二(er)。后(hou)數應會試(shi)均不能金榜題名(ming),然(ran)魯(lu)一同(tong)(tong)以(yi)他的古文(wen)、詩詞和墨梅在應試(shi)舉(ju)子中享(xiang)有(you)盛名(ming)。
一(yi)起參(can)加會試(shi)的(de)蔡姓舉人偶問一(yi)同(tong)姓名,大(da)驚說:“少時(shi)讀先生文(wen),嘗恨(hen)古人不可復見(jian),乃(nai)今先生故在也!”立即(ji)尊一(yi)同(tong)為老師。
寶山毛(mao)岳生見(jian)一同文章,以為“七百年來,文患于柔弱,惟此能得剛健之美”。
建(jian)寧張際亮在道(dao)光時以(yi)詩名(ming)聞(wen)全(quan)國,號稱“小太白”,讀一同古歌行,自以(yi)為不(bu)及(ji)。
清末(mo)著名(ming)文士李慈銘稱贊(zan)說:“通甫詩氣象雄闊、浩(hao)蕩(dang)之勢,獨往(wang)獨來,傳之將(jiang)來,足當詩史。”
當(dang)代著名學者(zhe)錢仲聯也稱(cheng)贊一(yi)同(tong)鴉(ya)片戰爭時期(qi)的《三公篇(pian)》、《讀(du)史雜感》、《重有感》等愛國詩(shi)篇(pian)“魄力沉雄,蒼涼盤郁”,“嗣(si)響(xiang)杜陵”,“在道光時代,他是江蘇詩(shi)壇杰出的一(yi)人。”
曾(ceng)任(ren)安徽巡撫、湖廣總督(du)的周天爵(敬修(xiu))“見其(qi)文曰,此天下(xia)大才也”。
時任禮(li)部侍郎的曾(ceng)國藩(fan)輕車(che)簡(jian)從去館舍(she)拜訪“問天下事(shi)”。曾(ceng)對人說“淮(huai)安魯一同若成進士,天下之幸也(ye)。”到揭榜,仍無(wu)魯一同名。曾(ceng)國藩(fan)甚“為懊喪,如失左右手”。
魯一同留心時務,好(hao)為激切之言。早在鴉(ya)片戰爭前(qian),就對道光朝的社會矛(mao)盾有敏銳感覺和深(shen)遠憂慮,與同鄉潘德(de)輿有師(shi)友之誼。
道(dao)光十七年(nian)(1837年(nian))林則徐赴湖廣總督任,惜一同才,請(qing)他入幕,因親老而(er)未成行。因受(shou)到曾國(guo)藩的(de)(de)賞識,太(tai)平天國(guo)革命爆發(fa)后,在家(jia)鄉替(ti)清(qing)河縣(xian)知縣(xian)吳堂謀(mou)劃(hua),抗拒(ju)太(tai)平軍;又向安徽巡(xun)撫江忠源提出了先攻(gong)旁郡后打(da)南京的(de)(de)戰略計劃(hua)。但他始終未為幕僚(liao)。
是年秋,應邀(yao)去(qu)邳(pi)州(zhou)(今邳(pi)州(zhou)市(shi))修(xiu)《邳(pi)州(zhou)志(zhi)(zhi)》。魯所纂修(xiu)的《邳(pi)州(zhou)志(zhi)(zhi)》被推崇為名志(zhi)(zhi),有(you)“志(zhi)(zhi)家法程”的美(mei)譽。完成(cheng)后,又應清(qing)河(he)(he)知縣(xian)之邀(yao)在(zai)清(qing)江(jiang)浦慈云(yun)寺(今淮安市(shi)市(shi)區)修(xiu)《清(qing)河(he)(he)縣(xian)志(zhi)(zhi)》。
咸(xian)豐五年(nian)(1855年(nian))歸館吳城(cheng)義塾。同(tong)治二年(nian)(1863年(nian))逝世。
魯(lu)一(yi)同在12歲時,赴淮安(an)應試(shi),父親(qin)魯(lu)長泰送他(ta)前去。說也湊(cou)巧。他(ta)到淮安(an)后,腳(jiao)上起了個疙(ge)瘩,行走不便,外出(chu)全要他(ta)父親(qin)背著。
一天,他經過考場門口,見有一只山羊,脖子上系著(zhu)一把(ba)斧頭。原來(lai)是個謎語,猜(cai)中(zhong)能賞(shang)(shang)到(dao)五千錢(qian)。魯一同一下就猜(cai)中(zhong)了,伸手將懸在(zai)(zai)門上的賞(shang)(shang)錢(qian)取(qu)過來(lai)。看門人(ren)見他年幼,又騎在(zai)(zai)父親肩上,甚覺(jue)有趣,便(bian)笑(xiao)著(zhu)請他進去(qu)。
此時(shi),已有人報告主考史大人。史大人漫不經心地問:“你說(shuo)(shuo)說(shuo)(shuo),謎底是(shi)什(shen)么?”魯一同稚(zhi)聲稚(zhi)氣地說(shuo)(shuo):“淮安府督管山陽縣。”史大人聽了(le),感到驚奇(qi)。他看(kan)了(le)魯一同一眼,沉思了(le)一會(hui),又叫他作對。
史(shi)大(da)人(ren)(ren)慢慢地說:“以(yi)父作馬”。魯一同很快(kuai)地回(hui)答:“望子成龍。”史(shi)大(da)人(ren)(ren)點頭(tou)微笑(xiao)。
又(you)說(shuo):“魯小生,腰(yao)去四點,可作曾門弟(di)子。”魯一(yi)(yi)同望了主(zhu)考(kao)大人(ren)一(yi)(yi)眼,低著頭(tou),膽怯地小聲說(shuo):“史大人(ren),頭(tou)加一(yi)(yi)橫,便成吏部天(tian)官。”
史大人(ren)聽了,高興(xing)地從座位上(shang)站起來,連連稱贊道:“對得好(hao),對得好(hao)。”
就是這一(yi)年,魯一(yi)同(tong)中了秀才。
魯一同,字通甫,清河(he)人(ren)。善屬文,師事潘德(de)輿。道(dao)(dao)光十五(wu)年舉(ju)人(ren)。時承平(ping)久,一同獨(du)深憂,謂:“今天下多不激之(zhi)氣(qi),積而不化之(zhi)習;在位者貪不去之(zhi)身,陳說者務不駭之(zhi)論。風烈不紀,一旦有緩急(ji),莫可(ke)倚仗。”既,再試不第,益研精於學。凡田賦、兵戎諸大(da)政,及河(he)道(dao)(dao)遷變、地形險要,悉(xi)得其機牙。為文務切世情,古茂(mao)峻厲,有杜(du)牧、尹洙之(zhi)風。漕督周天爵見之(zhi),曰:“天下大(da)材(cai)也,豈(qi)直文字哉!”曾國藩尤嘆異之(zhi)。
試禮部(bu),入都,國(guo)藩(fan)數屏騶從就問天下事。粵逆踞金陵(ling)也,同(tong)年(nian)生吳棠方宰清河,一同(tong)為草檄(xi),傳(chuan)示列縣,辭氣奮發,江北(bei)人(ren)心(xin)大定。江忠(zhong)源師抵廬州,友人(ren)戴鈞(jun)衡為書通國(guo)藩(fan)之指,欲其起佐(zuo)忠(zhong)源。一同(tong)謝不出,復(fu)書極(ji)論用(yong)兵(bing)機宜,謂當緩金陵(ling),專攻旁郡(jun)。其后(hou)大兵(bing)筑長圍,期旦夕破金陵(ling),一同(tong)獨決其必敗,未幾,果(guo)潰裂,蘇(su)、浙淪(lun)陷。已而國(guo)藩(fan)克安慶,復(fu)金陵(ling),一如所論。同(tong)治二年(nian),卒(zu),年(nian)五十九。著(zhu)《邳(pi)州志(zhi)》、《清河志(zhi)》、《通甫類稿》。
子蕡,字仲(zhong)實。諸生,文有(you)家(jia)法。善綜核,知府章(zhang)儀林議減清河賦,苦繁重,叩(kou)蕡。蕡為(wei)剖析條目,退(tui)草三千言,明旦獻之。儀林驚(jing)喜,因請(qing)主辦,三年而成。又(you)佐修安東水道,役竣,費無毫(hao)發溢(yi)。
【辛(xin)丑重有(you)感(八(ba)首選一(yi))】
張公苦意絕(jue)天驕,忽報呼(hu)韓款圣朝。
便(bian)遣頻陽老王翦(jian),豈宜(yi)絕(jue)域棄班超。
跕鳶事業心紆折,射虎河山氣寂寥。
珍重玉關天萬里,西(xi)風大(da)樹日(ri)蕭蕭。
【荒年謠(yao)(五(wu)首選二)】
【賣耕牛】
賣耕牛,耕牛鳴(ming)何哀!
原頭草盡不得食(shi),牽牛(niu)躑(zhi)躅屠(tu)門來。
牛(niu)不能言但(dan)嗚咽,屠人磨刀向(xiang)牛(niu)說:
有田可(ke)耕汝(ru)當活,農夫(fu)死盡汝(ru)命絕。
旁觀(guan)老子方(fang)幅巾,戒(jie)人食牛人怒慎:
不見(jian)前村人(ren)食人(ren)!
小車轔轔
小車(che)轔轔,女吟(yin)男呻,竹頭木屑(xie)載(zai)零星(xing)。
嘔呀啁(zhou)哳行不停(ting),破釜墮地灰痕(hen)青。
路逢相(xiang)識人,勸言(yan)不可行(xing):
南走五日道路斷,縣官(guan)驅人如驅蠅(ying)。
同(tong)去十人九(jiu)人死,黃河東流卷哭(ku)聲。”
車轔(lin)轔(lin),難為(wei)聽。
【關忠節公(gong)家傳(chuan)】
公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)名天(tian)(tian)培,字仲因(yin),一(yi)字滋(zi)圃,姓關氏(shi),山陽人(ren)也。起家行伍,歷(li)淮安(an)城守(shou)(shou)營(ying)(ying)(ying)完備(bei),揚(yang)(yang)州中(zhong)營(ying)(ying)(ying)守(shou)(shou)備(bei)。獲(huo)私鑄王國(guo)英(ying)等十(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)人(ren),署(shu)溧(li)陽營(ying)(ying)(ying)都司(si),獲(huo)匪嚴加烈等二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五人(ren),移兩(liang)江督(du)(du)(du)標左(zuo)營(ying)(ying)(ying)守(shou)(shou)備(bei),歷(li)中(zhong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)都司(si),外海(hai)水(shui)師騎(qi)(qi)營(ying)(ying)(ying)守(shou)(shou)備(bei),騎(qi)(qi)營(ying)(ying)(ying)游(you)擊(ji)。道(dao)光二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),外洋獲(huo)盜最。三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),署(shu)吳淞(song)營(ying)(ying)(ying)參將,旋即真。后二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),東(dong)(dong)(dong)南方(fang)議(yi)海(hai)運。海(hai)運自(zi)明以來,輟數(shu)(shu)百(bai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),議(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)紛(fen)錯,大(da)(da)(da)府(fu)舉公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)任其事(shi)(shi)。六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)二(er)月,督(du)(du)(du)米船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)千百(bai)四十(shi)(shi)(shi)五艘,米百(bai)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)四萬(wan)(wan)一(yi)千余石(shi),自(zi)吳淞(song)抵(di)天(tian)(tian)津,先(xian)期(qi)功(gong)最,署(shu)太(tai)湖(hu)營(ying)(ying)(ying)副將,明年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),署(shu)蘇松營(ying)(ying)(ying)總(zong)兵(bing)(bing)官,旋即真。十(shi)(shi)(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)入(ru)(ru)朝,上(shang)(shang)御便殿召(zhao)見(jian),五次軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)機(ji)記名。明年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)事(shi)(shi)萌芽。先(xian)是(shi),西南諸夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)暹羅、真臘(la)、安(an)南之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屬,皆(jie)恭(gong)順受職貢(gong)。惟英(ying)吉(ji)利(li)最遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),強(qiang)黠。嘉慶(qing)間入(ru)(ru)貢(gong),嚴衛入(ru)(ru)海(hai)。至(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)目律勞卑來,不(bu)如(ru)約,兵(bing)(bing)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)駛(shi)至(zhi)(zhi)黃(huang)埔河,兩(liang)廣總(zong)督(du)(du)(du)盧坤、水(shui)師提(ti)督(du)(du)(du)李增(zeng)階坐疏防落職,而(er)以公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)廣東(dong)(dong)(dong)水(shui)師提(ti)督(du)(du)(du)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)至(zhi)(zhi)則親歷(li)重(zhong)洋,觀扼塞,建(jian)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)守(shou)(shou),排(pai)鐵索(suo),軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)務(wu)肅然,東(dong)(dong)(dong)南倚以為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)重(zhong)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)容貌如(ru)常人(ren),悛(quan)悛(quan)畏謹,而(er)洞識機(ji)要(yao)(yao),口占應(ying)(ying)對(dui)悉中(zhong)。暇則習弓馬技(ji)擊(ji),技(ji)絕精。在廣著《籌海(hai)集(ji)》,識者(zhe)(zhe)比(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戚少(shao)保云。居虎(hu)(hu)門六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),而(er)禁煙事(shi)(shi)起。當(dang)(dang)是(shi)時(shi),洋煙流毒遍(bian)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia);前(qian)侍郎黃(huang)爵滋(zi)發(fa)(fa)其事(shi)(shi),上(shang)(shang)命內外大(da)(da)(da)臣(chen)雜議(yi),議(yi)定(ding)(ding),著為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)令。而(er)英(ying)吉(ji)利(li)躉(dun)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)適至(zhi)(zhi)。躉(dun)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)者(zhe)(zhe),販(fan)煙船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)也。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)既(ji)習于(yu)(yu)海(hai),而(er)前(qian)欽差大(da)(da)(da)臣(chen)林公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)則徐,威(wei)略(lve)素著,與(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)尤(you)協力(li),至(zhi)(zhi)則拘夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)目,錮(gu)其船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan),船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)不(bu)得(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa),獲(huo)煙土二(er)萬(wan)(wan)二(er)百(bai)余箱(xiang)焚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。奏(zou)聞,上(shang)(shang)大(da)(da)(da)悅,敘功(gong)有(you)差。夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)計不(bu)得(de)(de)(de)逞,明年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)四月,驟(zou)師入(ru)(ru)浙(zhe)江,據(ju)定(ding)(ding)海(hai)。分船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)溯大(da)(da)(da)洋,上(shang)(shang)天(tian)(tian)津,詭投書(shu)乞和,而(er)前(qian)直隸總(zong)督(du)(du)(du)琦(qi)善,馳傳赴廣東(dong)(dong)(dong),林公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)以罪(zui)去(qu)(qu)(qu)。于(yu)(yu)是(shi)和議(yi)興,海(hai)防撤矣(yi)(yi)。廣東(dong)(dong)(dong)邊海(hai)門戶曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)香港、虎(hu)(hu)門。香港奧(ao)衍(yan),易盤踞,去(qu)(qu)(qu)省(sheng)少(shao)紆遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan);虎(hu)(hu)門險狹,海(hai)道(dao)曲(qu)折,去(qu)(qu)(qu)省(sheng)近(jin)。虎(hu)(hu)門外列十(shi)(shi)(shi)臺(tai)(tai)(tai),最外大(da)(da)(da)角(jiao)、沙角(jiao),屹為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)東(dong)(dong)(dong)南屏蔽。是(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)月,夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)攻大(da)(da)(da)角(jiao)、沙角(jiao),壞師船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan),而(er)大(da)(da)(da)帥日以文(wen)書(shu)與(yu)往(wang)來,冀(ji)得(de)(de)(de)少(shao)遼緩。夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)報(bao)命而(er)爭(zheng)戰,戰方(fang)交則投書(shu)議(yi)和,書(shu)報(bao)復(fu)戰,晝夜攻掠不(bu)已。時(shi)諸軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)集(ji)廣府(fu)者(zhe)(zhe),駐防滿兵(bing)(bing)、督(du)(du)(du)標、撫標兵(bing)(bing),共不(bu)下(xia)(xia)萬(wan)(wan)人(ren),又調集(ji)客兵(bing)(bing)、團(tuan)練、鄉勇、民兵(bing)(bing)數(shu)(shu)萬(wan)(wan),而(er)大(da)(da)(da)帥所遣助守(shou)(shou)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)者(zhe)(zhe),撫標二(er)百(bai)人(ren),駐東(dong)(dong)(dong)莞提(ti)標二(er)百(bai)人(ren)備(bei)策應(ying)(ying)。則是(shi)二(er)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)日益(yi)孤危(wei),相(xiang)繼陷沒。二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)五月,夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)進攻威(wei)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、靖(jing)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)諸臺(tai)(tai)(tai),守(shou)(shou)者(zhe)(zhe)羸(lei)兵(bing)(bing)數(shu)(shu)百(bai),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)遣將慟哭請師,無(wu)(wu)應(ying)(ying)者(zhe)(zhe)。初,公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)以海(hai)運入(ru)(ru)都也,時(shi)從(cong)故人(ren)飲酒肆中(zhong),醉而(er)言曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“日者(zhe)(zhe)謂我祿命,生當(dang)(dang)揚(yang)(yang)威(wei),死(si)(si)當(dang)(dang)血食。今(jin)(jin)吾年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)四十(shi)(shi)(shi)余,安(an)有(you)是(shi)哉(zai)!”已而(er)嘆曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“丈夫受國(guo)恩,有(you)急,死(si)(si)耳(er),終(zhong)不(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)妻子計。”公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)老(lao)母(mu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)八(ba)十(shi)(shi)(shi)余,長(chang)(chang)子奎龍,吳淞(song)參將,前(qian)卒(zu)。幼(you)子先(xian)遣歸,及(ji)是(shi)乃(nai)(nai)緘一(yi)匣(xia)寄家人(ren),堅不(bu)可(ke)(ke)開(kai),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)死(si)(si)后啟視,則墜齒數(shu)(shu)枚,舊衣(yi)數(shu)(shu)襲而(er)已。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)既(ji)自(zi)度眾寡不(bu)敵而(er)援絕,乃(nai)(nai)決自(zi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)計,住靖(jing)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai),晝夜督(du)(du)(du)戰。已而(er)夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)?奄至(zhi)(zhi),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率游(you)擊(ji)麥(mai)廷章奮(fen)勇登(deng)臺(tai)(tai)(tai),大(da)(da)(da)呼(hu)(hu)督(du)(du)(du)厲士(shi)卒(zu),自(zi)卯至(zhi)(zhi)未,所殺傷過當(dang)(dang),而(er)身亦受數(shu)(shu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)創,血淋漓,衣(yi)甲盡(jin)濕。事(shi)(shi)急,呼(hu)(hu)其仆孫(sun)長(chang)(chang)慶(qing)使去(qu)(qu)(qu)。長(chang)(chang)慶(qing)哭曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“奴隨主數(shu)(shu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)矣(yi)(yi),今(jin)(jin)有(you)急,義(yi)不(bu)使主死(si)(si)而(er)己獨(du)全。”手持(chi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)衣(yi)不(bu)可(ke)(ke)開(kai),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)怒,拔刀逐(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“吾上(shang)(shang)負(fu)(fu)皇上(shang)(shang),下(xia)(xia)負(fu)(fu)老(lao)母(mu),死(si)(si)猶晚,汝(ru)不(bu)去(qu)(qu)(qu),今(jin)(jin)斬汝(ru)矣(yi)(yi)。”投之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)印(yin),長(chang)(chang)慶(qing)號而(er)走。比(bi)及(ji)山半,回顧,公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隕(yun)絕于(yu)(yu)地(di)。時(shi)二(er)月六日也。長(chang)(chang)慶(qing)既(ji)去(qu)(qu)(qu),懸廠自(zi)縋下(xia)(xia),下(xia)(xia)負(fu)(fu)水(shui)多蘆根,刺體如(ru)蝟,卒(zu)負(fu)(fu)重(zhong)創,送印(yin)大(da)(da)(da)府(fu)所,而(er)身復(fu)至(zhi)(zhi)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)求(qiu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)尸(shi)。夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)嚴兵(bing)(bing)守(shou)(shou)臺(tai)(tai)(tai),則乞通(tong)事(shi)(shi)吳某以情(qing)告。吳某者(zhe)(zhe),嘗為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)漢奸(jian)(jian),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)得(de)(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),宥弗殺,給(gei)事(shi)(shi)左(zuo)右,恒(heng)思所以報(bao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。至(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)長(chang)(chang)慶(qing)說夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),誠懇反復(fu),夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)義(yi)許之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。入(ru)(ru)求(qiu)尸(shi),鈹交于(yu)(yu)胸。長(chang)(chang)慶(qing)膝(xi)行前(qian),遍(bian)索(suo)不(bu)得(de)(de)(de)。卒(zu)詣公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)所立(li)處,舉他(ta)尸(shi)數(shu)(shu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)乃(nai)(nai)得(de)(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),半體焦焉。事(shi)(shi)聞,天(tian)(tian)子軫悼,予騎(qi)(qi)都尉世職,謚忠節,賜葬如(ru)禮(li)。喪至(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日,士(shi)大(da)(da)(da)夫數(shu)(shu)百(bai)人(ren),縞衣(yi)送迎,道(dao)旁觀者(zhe)(zhe),或痛哭失聲。而(er)長(chang)(chang)慶(qing)得(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)尸(shi)后,復(fu)求(qiu)得(de)(de)(de)麥(mai)廷章之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)半體,與(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)尸(shi)皆(jie)徒負(fu)(fu)以歸,水(shui)陸七百(bai)里。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)葬后,恒(heng)郁郁不(bu)樂,言及(ji)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),必泣下(xia)(xia)。未幾卒(zu)。論(lun)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):甚矣(yi)(yi),虎(hu)(hu)門之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)敗也。悲(bei)夫,可(ke)(ke)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)流涕者(zhe)(zhe)矣(yi)(yi)。方(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)經營(ying)(ying)(ying)十(shi)(shi)(shi)臺(tai)(tai)(tai),累戰皆(jie)捷。奏(zou)上(shang)(shang),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)卿相(xiang)賀(he),主上(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)席,嘉嘆至(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)再三。然而(er)釁發(fa)(fa)于(yu)(yu)定(ding)(ding)海(hai),詐成于(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)津,夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)無(wu)(wu)謀,要(yao)(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)豈(qi)夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)能死(si)(si)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)哉(zai)!詩曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“誰(shui)生厲階,至(zhi)(zhi)今(jin)(jin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)梗(geng)。”厲有(you)階矣(yi)(yi)。長(chang)(chang)慶(qing)義(yi)士(shi),誠感犬羊(yang),吳某奸(jian)(jian)耳(er),知感恩為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)日之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)報(bao),異哉(zai)。
該文滿懷景(jing)仰,生(sheng)動地描(miao)繪了(le)鴉片戰(zhan)爭中(zhong)著名(ming)愛國將領(ling)關(guan)天培在(zai)虎(hu)門(men)保衛戰(zhan)中(zhong)的獻身精神。文章(zhang)描(miao)寫重點(dian)主(zhu)要在(zai)兩方面:
一是寫(xie)關天(tian)培抗敵的忠勇悲(bei)壯;
二是揭露(lu)投(tou)降派琦善之流(liu)阻(zu)撓抗敵(di),造成必敗結局。
全篇充(chong)滿了悲壯(zhuang)氣氛。寫(xie)關天培的忠勇,先寫(xie)他在(zai)(zai)都(dou)城醉酒時的慷慨明志(zhi),次寫(xie)他在(zai)(zai)戰前遣子、寄匣,說明他早有為國(guo)捐驅的準(zhun)備。
寫(xie)臨(lin)戰犧牲話(hua)不多,卻極有(you)神,特別是(shi)驅(qu)走仆(pu)人(ren)孫長慶(qing)的細節(jie)描寫(xie),生動地表(biao)現了他視死如歸(gui)的悲壯情(qing)景,讀來十分(fen)感人(ren)。
該(gai)文(wen)用了(le)(le)相(xiang)當多(duo)的筆墨揭露投降派破壞抗敵的種種罪行,使該(gai)文(wen)的意義(yi)增(zeng)加了(le)(le)不(bu)少。
魯一同熟于(yu)史籍(ji),注(zhu)重經世之(zhi)學(xue)。考進士不(bu)(bu)第(di),用心于(yu)文章。他說(shuo):“凡(fan)文章之(zhi)道,貴于(yu)外閎(hong)而(er)中(zhong)實(shi)。中(zhong)實(shi)由于(yu)積理。理充而(er)緯以(yi)實(shi)事,則光彩日(ri)新。文無(wu)實(shi)事,斯為徒(tu)作。窮工極麗,猶(you)虛車也。”(周(zhou)韶音《通甫(fu)詩(shi)存跋》)其(qi)文氣勢挺拔,務切世情,立(li)言有體,疏暢明(ming)晰,內容廣涉田(tian)賦兵(bing)戎、河道變遷、地形險要和中(zhong)外大勢等,與桐(tong)城派的拘守(shou)義法(fa)和應酬世俗,有顯著不(bu)(bu)同。
有人請他(ta)為某巨(ju)公寫祝壽文章,他(ta)說:“吾輩(bei)文疏直(zhi)樸野,不(bu)足說勢要(yao)。若肆其狂(kuang)愚(yu),為足下得(de)罪當(dang)涂,何所用(yong)之?”(《淮安(an)府志》引《通甫類(lei)稿(gao)》)
毛(mao)岳生見其文,謂“七百年來患于柔,惟(wei)此(ci)為能得剛(gang)之美”(《清史館文學傳稿》引《通甫類(lei)稿》)。錢(qian)仲聯稱他(ta)“嗣響杜陵(ling)”,李慈銘稱其”閎肆(si)而謹嚴,演迤而峻峭”。如《胥吏論(lun)》、《復(fu)潘四農(nong)書(shu)》等,皆識議絕人,切中時弊。而《關(guan)忠節公(gong)家(jia)傳》,則生動地記敘了他(ta)的同鄉名將(jiang)關(guan)天培在鴉片戰爭中英勇(yong)殉職的事跡。
魯一同少(shao)時學(xue)詩(shi)頗勤。40歲(sui)以后,堅持修(xiu)詞立誠,非有(you)(you)真(zhen)情(qing)實感勃發不(bu)已,不(bu)下筆。曾(ceng)手(shou)定詩(shi)稿,僅留十(shi)之二三(san)。其中(zhong)以古歌行成(cheng)就(jiu)最高,甚得詩(shi)人(ren)張(zhang)際亮的賞(shang)識。早期(qi)的《荒年(nian)(nian)謠(yao)》五首,描(miao)寫道光年(nian)(nian)間(jian)的嚴重災(zai)荒和民不(bu)聊生。“事皆征實,言通(tong)里俗”,令人(ren)有(you)(you)觸目驚心(xin)之感。著有(you)(you)《通(tong)甫類稿》6卷,《通(tong)甫詩(shi)存》6卷、《邳州志》、《清(qing)河縣(xian)志》》、《白(bai)耷山人(ren)年(nian)(nian)譜(pu)》、《王右軍年(nian)(nian)譜(pu)》等十(shi)數種。
魯一(yi)同不(bu)僅詩文有聲(sheng)于江淮(huai),而(er)且善繪事,亦為邑人所稱道。不(bu)過,他(ta)的畫名終被詩文所掩,至今已鮮(xian)為人知。在魯一(yi)同繪畫諸作(zuo)中,又以梅(mei)(mei)花為最(zui)。據《清畫家(jia)詩史》記載:魯一(yi)同“工(gong)詩畫,寫(xie)梅(mei)(mei)頗佳”。
他(ta)(ta)的(de)“梅花”作品不(bu)少(shao),其友人孔宥(you)函(han)聲稱他(ta)(ta)“寫(xie)梅千百本”,幾乎“年年有作”。魯一同畫梅,運思立意多取梅花熬(ao)霜耐(nai)寒(han)的(de)自然特性,以寄托他(ta)(ta)高潔的(de)情操和品格。