魯(lu)一(yi)同先世(shi)為明末翰林(lin),清(qing)初隨吳三桂征討云南(nan),后“窺其有(you)異志,挈孥(nu)而逃于淮安之山陽,遂占籍焉。”后祖輩居安東東佃湖,所居成村,名(ming)魯(lu)家(jia)莊(今漣水縣方渡(du)鄉)。清(qing)嘉慶(qing)九年乙丑(1805年),魯(lu)一(yi)同生于此,成年后“始遷清(qing)河(he)(今淮安市(shi)淮陰區(qu))”。其父(fu)長(chang)泰(tai),字瞻巖(yan),號特山,別署小(xiao)魚(yu)頭道人(ren)。乾隆辛(xin)亥(hai)(1791年)淮郡(jun)庠生,“工書善畫,閉門養素,以道自貞”,尤善繪花鳥蟲魚(yu),世(shi)人(ren)重其畫雞(ji),時稱“魯(lu)雞(ji)”。
少年(nian)(nian)(nian)魯一同聰穎過人,幼(you)從(cong)三(san)姐蘭仙(字靈香)識字,繼(ji)又隨之(zhi)入塾。六歲通(tong)五音(yin),“少長(chang)工為(wei)古文(wen)辭”,塾師徐(xu)念劬先生(sheng)以孔文(wen)舉(融(rong))、楊(yang)德祖(zu)(修)相期。十(shi)(shi)三(san)歲從(cong)巢湖楊(yang)欲仁先生(sheng)學。楊(yang)字體之(zhi),別號鐵梅道人,善畫梅,有名于(yu)世。魯一同侍其作畫,展紙研(yan)墨,觀摩學習,興趣油(you)然而生(sheng),又從(cong)習畫,盡得其傳(chuan)。十(shi)(shi)七歲入山(shan)陽縣(xian)學,十(shi)(shi)八(ba)歲鄉試(shi)中副(fu)榜第(di)二名(副(fu)貢生(sheng))。道光十(shi)(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)乙未(wei)(1835年(nian)(nian)(nian))中第(di)二十(shi)(shi)名舉人,時(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)三(san)十(shi)(shi)二。后數應(ying)會試(shi)均不能(neng)金榜題名,然魯一同以他的古文(wen)、詩詞和(he)墨梅在應(ying)試(shi)舉子中享有盛名。
一起參加會試的蔡(cai)姓舉人偶問一同姓名(ming),大驚說(shuo):“少時讀先(xian)生文,嘗(chang)恨古人不可復見(jian),乃今先(xian)生故在也!”立即尊一同為老師。
寶(bao)山毛岳生見(jian)一(yi)同文章(zhang),以為“七百年來,文患于柔弱,惟此能(neng)得(de)剛(gang)健之美”。
建寧張際亮(liang)在道光時以(yi)詩(shi)名聞全國,號稱“小太白”,讀一同(tong)古歌行,自以(yi)為不及。
清末著名文士李(li)慈銘(ming)稱贊說:“通甫(fu)詩(shi)氣象(xiang)雄闊、浩蕩之勢,獨(du)往獨(du)來,傳之將來,足當(dang)詩(shi)史。”
當代著(zhu)名學者錢仲聯(lian)也稱贊一(yi)同(tong)鴉片戰(zhan)爭時期的(de)《三公篇》、《讀史雜(za)感(gan)》、《重有感(gan)》等愛國詩(shi)篇“魄力(li)沉雄(xiong),蒼涼盤郁”,“嗣(si)響杜陵”,“在道(dao)光時代,他是江蘇詩(shi)壇杰(jie)出的(de)一(yi)人。”
曾任安(an)徽巡撫、湖廣(guang)總(zong)督的周天爵(敬修)“見其文曰(yue),此(ci)天下大才也”。
時任禮部侍郎的(de)曾(ceng)國藩輕車簡從去館舍拜訪“問天(tian)下(xia)事”。曾(ceng)對人說(shuo)“淮安(an)魯一同若成進士(shi),天(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)幸也。”到揭榜,仍無(wu)魯一同名。曾(ceng)國藩甚“為(wei)懊喪,如失左右(you)手”。
魯一同(tong)留(liu)心時(shi)務,好為激切之(zhi)言(yan)。早在(zai)鴉片戰爭前,就對道光朝的(de)社會矛盾有(you)敏銳感(gan)覺(jue)和深遠憂慮,與同(tong)鄉潘(pan)德輿有(you)師友之(zhi)誼。
道光十七年(1837年)林則徐(xu)赴湖(hu)廣總督(du)任(ren),惜一(yi)同才,請他入幕,因親老而未(wei)成行。因受到曾(ceng)國藩的賞識,太平(ping)天國革(ge)命爆發后(hou)(hou),在家鄉(xiang)替清河縣(xian)知縣(xian)吳堂謀劃,抗拒(ju)太平(ping)軍;又(you)向安徽(hui)巡撫江(jiang)忠源提出(chu)了先(xian)攻旁郡后(hou)(hou)打南京的戰略(lve)計劃。但他始終未(wei)為幕僚。
是(shi)年秋,應邀去邳(pi)州(zhou)(今邳(pi)州(zhou)市)修《邳(pi)州(zhou)志(zhi)》。魯所纂修的《邳(pi)州(zhou)志(zhi)》被推崇為(wei)名志(zhi),有“志(zhi)家法程(cheng)”的美譽(yu)。完成后,又應清河(he)知縣之(zhi)邀在清江浦慈云寺(今淮(huai)安市市區)修《清河(he)縣志(zhi)》。
咸豐五(wu)年(1855年)歸(gui)館吳城義塾。同治二年(1863年)逝(shi)世。
魯一同在12歲時,赴淮安應試,父親魯長泰送(song)他(ta)前去。說也湊巧(qiao)。他(ta)到(dao)淮安后,腳上(shang)起了個疙瘩,行(xing)走(zou)不便,外出全要他(ta)父親背著(zhu)。
一天,他經過考場門口,見有一只(zhi)山(shan)羊,脖子(zi)上系著一把斧(fu)頭。原(yuan)來是個謎語,猜中能(neng)賞(shang)到五(wu)千錢。魯一同一下就猜中了,伸手將懸在(zai)門上的賞(shang)錢取過來。看門人(ren)見他年幼,又騎在(zai)父親肩上,甚覺有趣,便(bian)笑著請他進去(qu)。
此時,已有(you)人(ren)報告主考史(shi)大(da)(da)人(ren)。史(shi)大(da)(da)人(ren)漫不(bu)經心(xin)地問:“你說(shuo)說(shuo),謎底是什(shen)么?”魯一同稚(zhi)(zhi)聲稚(zhi)(zhi)氣地說(shuo):“淮安府督管山陽縣(xian)。”史(shi)大(da)(da)人(ren)聽了(le),感到驚奇。他(ta)看(kan)了(le)魯一同一眼,沉思了(le)一會,又(you)叫(jiao)他(ta)作對。
史(shi)大(da)人慢慢地(di)說(shuo):“以父作馬”。魯(lu)一同很快地(di)回答:“望子成龍。”史(shi)大(da)人點頭微(wei)笑(xiao)。
又說:“魯小生,腰去四點,可(ke)作曾門弟(di)子。”魯一同(tong)望了主考大人一眼,低著頭(tou),膽怯地小聲說:“史大人,頭(tou)加(jia)一橫,便(bian)成(cheng)吏(li)部天官。”
史大人聽了,高興地從座位上站(zhan)起來,連(lian)連(lian)稱贊道:“對得(de)好(hao),對得(de)好(hao)。”
就是這一(yi)年,魯一(yi)同(tong)中了秀才。
魯一同,字通(tong)甫,清河人(ren)(ren)。善屬文(wen),師事(shi)潘德輿。道光(guang)十(shi)五年舉人(ren)(ren)。時(shi)承平(ping)久,一同獨深憂,謂:“今天(tian)(tian)下多不(bu)激之(zhi)(zhi)氣,積(ji)而(er)不(bu)化之(zhi)(zhi)習;在位者貪不(bu)去之(zhi)(zhi)身(shen),陳說者務不(bu)駭之(zhi)(zhi)論(lun)。風(feng)烈不(bu)紀,一旦有緩急,莫可倚(yi)仗。”既,再試不(bu)第,益研精(jing)於學(xue)。凡田賦、兵戎諸(zhu)大(da)政(zheng),及河道遷變、地形險要(yao),悉得其機(ji)牙。為文(wen)務切(qie)世(shi)情,古(gu)茂峻(jun)厲,有杜牧(mu)、尹洙之(zhi)(zhi)風(feng)。漕督周天(tian)(tian)爵見之(zhi)(zhi),曰:“天(tian)(tian)下大(da)材(cai)也,豈直(zhi)文(wen)字哉!”曾國藩尤嘆異之(zhi)(zhi)。
試禮部,入都,國(guo)藩(fan)(fan)數屏騶(zou)從(cong)就問天下事(shi)。粵逆踞金(jin)陵(ling)也,同(tong)年(nian)生吳(wu)棠(tang)方宰清河,一同(tong)為草檄,傳示列縣,辭(ci)氣(qi)奮發(fa),江(jiang)北人(ren)心大(da)定。江(jiang)忠(zhong)(zhong)源(yuan)師抵廬州(zhou),友人(ren)戴(dai)鈞衡為書(shu)通(tong)國(guo)藩(fan)(fan)之指,欲其起佐忠(zhong)(zhong)源(yuan)。一同(tong)謝不出,復(fu)書(shu)極論(lun)用兵機宜,謂當(dang)緩金(jin)陵(ling),專攻旁郡。其后大(da)兵筑長圍,期旦夕(xi)破金(jin)陵(ling),一同(tong)獨決其必(bi)敗,未(wei)幾(ji),果潰裂,蘇、浙淪(lun)陷。已而(er)國(guo)藩(fan)(fan)克安慶,復(fu)金(jin)陵(ling),一如所論(lun)。同(tong)治二年(nian),卒,年(nian)五十九。著《邳州(zhou)志》、《清河志》、《通(tong)甫類稿》。
子蕡(fen),字仲實。諸(zhu)生,文有家法。善綜核,知府章儀林(lin)議減清河(he)賦,苦繁重,叩蕡(fen)。蕡(fen)為剖析條(tiao)目,退草(cao)三(san)千言,明旦獻之。儀林(lin)驚喜,因請主辦,三(san)年而成。又佐修安(an)東水(shui)道,役竣,費(fei)無毫發溢。
【辛(xin)丑重有感(八首選一(yi))】
張公苦意絕天(tian)驕,忽報呼韓款圣朝。
便遣頻陽老王翦,豈(qi)宜絕域棄班(ban)超。
跕鳶(yuan)事(shi)業心紆折,射虎(hu)河山氣寂寥(liao)。
珍重(zhong)玉關天萬里,西(xi)風大樹日蕭蕭。
【荒年謠(五首選(xuan)二)】
【賣耕牛】
賣耕(geng)牛(niu),耕(geng)牛(niu)鳴何哀(ai)!
原頭草盡不得食,牽牛躑躅屠門來(lai)。
牛不能言但(dan)嗚咽,屠人磨刀向牛說:
有田可耕(geng)汝當活,農夫(fu)死盡汝命絕。
旁觀老子(zi)方幅(fu)巾,戒(jie)人食牛人怒慎:
不見(jian)前(qian)村(cun)人食人!
小車轔轔
小車轔轔,女吟男呻,竹(zhu)頭(tou)木屑載零星。
嘔呀(ya)啁(zhou)哳行(xing)不停,破(po)釜墮地灰痕青。
路逢相識人,勸言不可行(xing):
南走五(wu)日道路斷,縣官驅人如驅蠅。
同去(qu)十人九人死,黃(huang)河東(dong)流卷哭(ku)聲。”
車轔(lin)轔(lin),難為聽(ting)。
【關(guan)忠(zhong)節公家傳】
公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)名天培,字(zi)仲因,一(yi)字(zi)滋圃,姓關氏,山陽人(ren)也(ye)(ye)。起家行伍,歷淮安城守(shou)營(ying)(ying)完(wan)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei),揚州中(zhong)營(ying)(ying)守(shou)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)。獲(huo)私鑄王國英等十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八人(ren),署(shu)(shu)溧陽營(ying)(ying)都(dou)司,獲(huo)匪嚴(yan)加烈等二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)人(ren),移兩江督(du)標(biao)(biao)左(zuo)營(ying)(ying)守(shou)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei),歷中(zhong)軍(jun)都(dou)司,外海(hai)水(shui)師(shi)(shi)騎營(ying)(ying)守(shou)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei),騎營(ying)(ying)游擊。道(dao)光二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian),外洋(yang)獲(huo)盜最(zui)。三年(nian)(nian)(nian),署(shu)(shu)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)淞(song)營(ying)(ying)參將(jiang),旋即真。后二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian),東南方(fang)議(yi)海(hai)運(yun)(yun)。海(hai)運(yun)(yun)自(zi)(zi)明(ming)(ming)以(yi)(yi)(yi)來,輟數(shu)(shu)百(bai)年(nian)(nian)(nian),議(yi)者(zhe)紛錯,大(da)(da)府舉公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)任其(qi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)。六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue),督(du)米(mi)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)千百(bai)四十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)艘,米(mi)百(bai)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四萬(wan)(wan)一(yi)千余石,自(zi)(zi)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)淞(song)抵天津,先(xian)期功(gong)(gong)最(zui),署(shu)(shu)太湖(hu)營(ying)(ying)副將(jiang),明(ming)(ming)年(nian)(nian)(nian),署(shu)(shu)蘇松(song)營(ying)(ying)總(zong)兵(bing)(bing)官,旋即真。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)入(ru)(ru)朝(chao),上御便殿召見(jian),五(wu)次軍(jun)機記名。明(ming)(ming)年(nian)(nian)(nian),夷(yi)(yi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)萌芽。先(xian)是(shi),西南諸夷(yi)(yi)暹羅、真臘、安南之(zhi)屬,皆(jie)恭順受(shou)職貢。惟英吉利(li)最(zui)遠,強黠。嘉(jia)慶間入(ru)(ru)貢,嚴(yan)衛入(ru)(ru)海(hai)。至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)夷(yi)(yi)目(mu)律(lv)勞卑來,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)約(yue),兵(bing)(bing)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)駛至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)黃埔河,兩廣(guang)總(zong)督(du)盧坤、水(shui)師(shi)(shi)提督(du)李(li)增(zeng)階(jie)坐(zuo)疏(shu)防(fang)落職,而(er)(er)(er)(er)以(yi)(yi)(yi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)為(wei)廣(guang)東水(shui)師(shi)(shi)提督(du)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)則(ze)親歷重洋(yang),觀(guan)扼塞,建(jian)臺(tai)(tai)守(shou),排鐵索,軍(jun)務肅然,東南倚以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)重。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)容貌(mao)如(ru)常人(ren),悛(quan)(quan)悛(quan)(quan)畏謹,而(er)(er)(er)(er)洞識(shi)(shi)機要,口(kou)占應對悉中(zhong)。暇則(ze)習(xi)弓馬技(ji)擊,技(ji)絕精(jing)。在廣(guang)著《籌海(hai)集》,識(shi)(shi)者(zhe)比之(zhi)戚(qi)少保云(yun)。居虎門(men)(men)(men)(men)六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian),而(er)(er)(er)(er)禁煙(yan)(yan)事(shi)(shi)(shi)起。當(dang)(dang)是(shi)時,洋(yang)煙(yan)(yan)流毒遍天下;前侍郎黃爵滋發其(qi)事(shi)(shi)(shi),上命(ming)內外大(da)(da)臣雜(za)議(yi),議(yi)定(ding),著為(wei)令。而(er)(er)(er)(er)英吉利(li)躉(dun)(dun)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)適(shi)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。躉(dun)(dun)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)者(zhe),販煙(yan)(yan)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)也(ye)(ye)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)既(ji)習(xi)于(yu)海(hai),而(er)(er)(er)(er)前欽差大(da)(da)臣林(lin)(lin)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)則(ze)徐,威略素著,與(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)尤(you)協力(li),至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)則(ze)拘夷(yi)(yi)目(mu),錮其(qi)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan),船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得發,獲(huo)煙(yan)(yan)土二(er)(er)(er)萬(wan)(wan)二(er)(er)(er)百(bai)余箱焚(fen)之(zhi)。奏(zou)聞,上大(da)(da)悅,敘功(gong)(gong)有差。夷(yi)(yi)計(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得逞,明(ming)(ming)年(nian)(nian)(nian)四月(yue),驟師(shi)(shi)入(ru)(ru)浙江,據(ju)定(ding)海(hai)。分船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)溯(su)大(da)(da)洋(yang),上天津,詭投書乞和(he)(he),而(er)(er)(er)(er)前直(zhi)隸總(zong)督(du)琦(qi)善,馳傳(chuan)赴(fu)廣(guang)東,林(lin)(lin)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)罪去(qu)。于(yu)是(shi)和(he)(he)議(yi)興,海(hai)防(fang)撤(che)矣。廣(guang)東邊(bian)海(hai)門(men)(men)(men)(men)戶曰香(xiang)港、虎門(men)(men)(men)(men)。香(xiang)港奧衍,易盤(pan)踞(ju),去(qu)省(sheng)少紆遠;虎門(men)(men)(men)(men)險(xian)狹,海(hai)道(dao)曲(qu)折,去(qu)省(sheng)近(jin)。虎門(men)(men)(men)(men)外列十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)臺(tai)(tai),最(zui)外大(da)(da)角、沙角,屹為(wei)東南屏蔽(bi)。是(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue),夷(yi)(yi)攻(gong)(gong)大(da)(da)角、沙角,壞師(shi)(shi)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan),而(er)(er)(er)(er)大(da)(da)帥(shuai)日以(yi)(yi)(yi)文書與(yu)(yu)往來,冀得少遼緩。夷(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)報(bao)命(ming)而(er)(er)(er)(er)爭(zheng)戰,戰方(fang)交(jiao)則(ze)投書議(yi)和(he)(he),書報(bao)復戰,晝(zhou)夜攻(gong)(gong)掠不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)已(yi)。時諸軍(jun)集廣(guang)府者(zhe),駐防(fang)滿(man)兵(bing)(bing)、督(du)標(biao)(biao)、撫(fu)標(biao)(biao)兵(bing)(bing),共不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)下萬(wan)(wan)人(ren),又(you)調集客(ke)兵(bing)(bing)、團(tuan)練、鄉(xiang)勇、民兵(bing)(bing)數(shu)(shu)萬(wan)(wan),而(er)(er)(er)(er)大(da)(da)帥(shuai)所(suo)遣助守(shou)臺(tai)(tai)者(zhe),撫(fu)標(biao)(biao)二(er)(er)(er)百(bai)人(ren),駐東莞提標(biao)(biao)二(er)(er)(er)百(bai)人(ren)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)策應。則(ze)是(shi)二(er)(er)(er)臺(tai)(tai)日益孤危,相繼(ji)陷沒(mei)。二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)五(wu)月(yue),夷(yi)(yi)進攻(gong)(gong)威遠、靖(jing)遠諸臺(tai)(tai),守(shou)者(zhe)羸兵(bing)(bing)數(shu)(shu)百(bai),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)遣將(jiang)慟哭請師(shi)(shi),無應者(zhe)。初,公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)海(hai)運(yun)(yun)入(ru)(ru)都(dou)也(ye)(ye),時從故(gu)人(ren)飲(yin)酒肆中(zhong),醉而(er)(er)(er)(er)言(yan)曰:“日者(zhe)謂我祿命(ming),生當(dang)(dang)揚威,死(si)當(dang)(dang)血食。今吾年(nian)(nian)(nian)四十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)余,安有是(shi)哉!”已(yi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)嘆(tan)曰:“丈夫(fu)(fu)(fu)受(shou)國恩,有急,死(si)耳(er),終不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)妻子計(ji)。”公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)老母(mu)(mu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)八十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)余,長(chang)(chang)(chang)子奎龍,吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)淞(song)參將(jiang),前卒。幼子先(xian)遣歸,及(ji)是(shi)乃緘一(yi)匣寄(ji)家人(ren),堅(jian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)開,公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)死(si)后啟視,則(ze)墜齒(chi)數(shu)(shu)枚,舊衣數(shu)(shu)襲(xi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)已(yi)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)既(ji)自(zi)(zi)度(du)眾寡不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敵而(er)(er)(er)(er)援絕,乃決自(zi)(zi)為(wei)計(ji),住靖(jing)遠臺(tai)(tai),晝(zhou)夜督(du)戰。已(yi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)夷(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)?奄至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率游擊麥廷章奮(fen)勇登臺(tai)(tai),大(da)(da)呼督(du)厲士(shi)(shi)卒,自(zi)(zi)卯(mao)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)未,所(suo)殺傷過當(dang)(dang),而(er)(er)(er)(er)身亦(yi)受(shou)數(shu)(shu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)創(chuang),血淋(lin)漓(li),衣甲(jia)盡濕(shi)。事(shi)(shi)(shi)急,呼其(qi)仆孫(sun)長(chang)(chang)(chang)慶使(shi)去(qu)。長(chang)(chang)(chang)慶哭曰:“奴隨主(zhu)數(shu)(shu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)矣,今有急,義(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)使(shi)主(zhu)死(si)而(er)(er)(er)(er)己獨全。”手持(chi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)衣不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)開,公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)怒,拔刀逐(zhu)之(zhi)曰:“吾上負(fu)皇(huang)上,下負(fu)老母(mu)(mu),死(si)猶(you)晚,汝不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)去(qu),今斬汝矣。”投之(zhi)印,長(chang)(chang)(chang)慶號而(er)(er)(er)(er)走。比及(ji)山半(ban),回顧(gu),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隕絕于(yu)地。時二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)六(liu)日也(ye)(ye)。長(chang)(chang)(chang)慶既(ji)去(qu),懸廠自(zi)(zi)縋(zhui)下,下負(fu)水(shui)多蘆(lu)根,刺體(ti)如(ru)蝟,卒負(fu)重創(chuang),送(song)印大(da)(da)府所(suo),而(er)(er)(er)(er)身復至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臺(tai)(tai)求公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)尸(shi)。夷(yi)(yi)人(ren)嚴(yan)兵(bing)(bing)守(shou)臺(tai)(tai),則(ze)乞通事(shi)(shi)(shi)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)某以(yi)(yi)(yi)情告。吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)某者(zhe),嘗為(wei)漢奸(jian),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)得之(zhi),宥弗(fu)殺,給事(shi)(shi)(shi)左(zuo)右,恒(heng)思(si)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)報(bao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)為(wei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)慶說夷(yi)(yi),誠懇反復,夷(yi)(yi)人(ren)義(yi)(yi)許之(zhi)。入(ru)(ru)求尸(shi),鈹交(jiao)于(yu)胸(xiong)。長(chang)(chang)(chang)慶膝行前,遍索不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得。卒詣公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)所(suo)立(li)處,舉他(ta)尸(shi)數(shu)(shu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)乃得之(zhi),半(ban)體(ti)焦焉。事(shi)(shi)(shi)聞,天子軫悼,予騎都(dou)尉世職,謚忠節(jie),賜葬如(ru)禮(li)。喪至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)日,士(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)數(shu)(shu)百(bai)人(ren),縞(gao)衣送(song)迎,道(dao)旁觀(guan)者(zhe),或痛哭失(shi)聲。而(er)(er)(er)(er)長(chang)(chang)(chang)慶得公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)尸(shi)后,復求得麥廷章之(zhi)半(ban)體(ti),與(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)尸(shi)皆(jie)徒負(fu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)歸,水(shui)陸(lu)七(qi)百(bai)里(li)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)葬后,恒(heng)郁(yu)郁(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)樂,言(yan)及(ji)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),必泣下。未幾卒。論曰:甚矣,虎門(men)(men)(men)(men)之(zhi)敗也(ye)(ye)。悲夫(fu)(fu)(fu),可(ke)為(wei)流涕者(zhe)矣。方(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)臺(tai)(tai),累戰皆(jie)捷。奏(zou)上,公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)卿相賀,主(zhu)上為(wei)之(zhi)前席,嘉(jia)嘆(tan)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)再三。然而(er)(er)(er)(er)釁發于(yu)定(ding)海(hai),詐成于(yu)天津,夷(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)無謀,要之(zhi)豈(qi)夷(yi)(yi)人(ren)能死(si)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)哉!詩曰:“誰生厲階(jie),至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)今為(wei)梗(geng)。”厲有階(jie)矣。長(chang)(chang)(chang)慶義(yi)(yi)士(shi)(shi),誠感(gan)犬羊,吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)某奸(jian)耳(er),知感(gan)恩為(wei)一(yi)日之(zhi)報(bao),異(yi)哉。
該文滿懷景仰,生(sheng)動地描繪了鴉(ya)片(pian)戰爭中(zhong)著名(ming)愛國將領關(guan)天培在(zai)虎門(men)保衛戰中(zhong)的(de)獻身精(jing)神。文章描寫重點(dian)主要在(zai)兩方(fang)面:
一是寫關(guan)天培(pei)抗敵的忠勇悲壯(zhuang);
二是揭露(lu)投降派(pai)琦(qi)善之流(liu)阻(zu)撓(nao)抗(kang)敵(di),造成(cheng)必敗結(jie)局。
全篇充滿了(le)悲壯氣(qi)氛。寫(xie)關天培的忠勇,先寫(xie)他在(zai)都城醉(zui)酒(jiu)時的慷慨明志,次寫(xie)他在(zai)戰(zhan)前(qian)遣(qian)子、寄匣,說明他早有為國捐驅的準備(bei)。
寫臨戰犧牲話不多,卻極有神,特別是驅(qu)走仆人孫(sun)長慶的細節描(miao)寫,生動地表現了(le)他(ta)視(shi)死如歸的悲壯(zhuang)情景,讀(du)來(lai)十分感人。
該(gai)(gai)文(wen)用了相(xiang)當多的筆墨揭露(lu)投降派破壞(huai)抗(kang)敵的種種罪行,使該(gai)(gai)文(wen)的意義增加了不(bu)少。
魯一同熟(shu)于(yu)史籍,注重經世(shi)之(zhi)學(xue)。考進士(shi)不第(di),用(yong)心于(yu)文(wen)章。他說:“凡文(wen)章之(zhi)道,貴于(yu)外閎而(er)中(zhong)實(shi)。中(zhong)實(shi)由于(yu)積理。理充而(er)緯以實(shi)事(shi),則光彩日新。文(wen)無實(shi)事(shi),斯為徒(tu)作。窮工極麗,猶(you)虛車也。”(周(zhou)韶(shao)音《通甫詩存跋(ba)》)其文(wen)氣勢挺拔,務(wu)切世(shi)情,立言有(you)體(ti),疏暢明(ming)晰(xi),內容廣涉田賦兵戎、河道變遷、地形(xing)險(xian)要和(he)中(zhong)外大勢等,與桐城(cheng)派的(de)拘守義(yi)法和(he)應(ying)酬世(shi)俗,有(you)顯(xian)著不同。
有人請他為(wei)某巨公寫祝(zhu)壽文章,他說(shuo)(shuo):“吾輩文疏直樸(pu)野,不足說(shuo)(shuo)勢(shi)要。若(ruo)肆其狂(kuang)愚,為(wei)足下得罪當涂(tu),何所用(yong)之(zhi)?”(《淮(huai)安府(fu)志》引(yin)《通甫類稿》)
毛岳生見其文(wen),謂“七百年來患于柔,惟此為(wei)能得剛之美”(《清(qing)史(shi)館文(wen)學傳(chuan)稿》引《通(tong)甫類稿》)。錢仲聯(lian)稱(cheng)他(ta)“嗣響杜陵”,李慈(ci)銘稱(cheng)其”閎肆而謹嚴,演迤而峻峭”。如《胥(xu)吏論》、《復(fu)潘四(si)農書》等(deng),皆識議絕人,切中時弊(bi)。而《關忠節公家傳(chuan)》,則生動地記敘(xu)了他(ta)的同(tong)鄉名將關天培在鴉(ya)片戰爭中英勇殉職(zhi)的事(shi)跡。
魯一同少(shao)時學詩(shi)(shi)頗勤。40歲以(yi)后(hou),堅持修詞立誠(cheng),非有真情實(shi)感勃發不(bu)已,不(bu)下筆。曾手定詩(shi)(shi)稿(gao),僅留十之二三。其中以(yi)古歌行(xing)成就最(zui)高,甚得(de)詩(shi)(shi)人(ren)張際亮的(de)賞識。早期的(de)《荒(huang)年(nian)謠》五首,描寫(xie)道光年(nian)間的(de)嚴重災荒(huang)和(he)民(min)不(bu)聊生。“事皆征實(shi),言(yan)通里(li)俗”,令人(ren)有觸目驚心之感。著有《通甫類稿(gao)》6卷,《通甫詩(shi)(shi)存》6卷、《邳州(zhou)志(zhi)》、《清河縣(xian)志(zhi)》》、《白耷山(shan)人(ren)年(nian)譜(pu)》、《王右軍(jun)年(nian)譜(pu)》等十數種。
魯一(yi)同不僅詩(shi)文(wen)(wen)有(you)聲于(yu)江淮,而且善繪(hui)事,亦為邑(yi)人所稱道。不過(guo),他(ta)的畫(hua)名(ming)終被(bei)詩(shi)文(wen)(wen)所掩(yan),至今已鮮為人知。在魯一(yi)同繪(hui)畫(hua)諸(zhu)作中,又以梅(mei)花為最。據《清畫(hua)家詩(shi)史》記載:魯一(yi)同“工詩(shi)畫(hua),寫梅(mei)頗佳”。
他(ta)的“梅花(hua)”作品不少,其友人(ren)孔(kong)宥函聲(sheng)稱(cheng)他(ta)“寫梅千百(bai)本”,幾(ji)乎(hu)“年年有作”。魯一同畫梅,運思立意多(duo)取梅花(hua)熬霜(shuang)耐寒的自(zi)然特(te)性(xing),以(yi)寄托他(ta)高潔的情(qing)操和品格(ge)。