宣(xuan)姜,生卒年不詳,齊僖(xi)公(gong)之女,衛宣(xuan)公(gong)的(de)夫(fu)(fu)人,姜姓。宣(xuan)姜的(de)宣(xuan)字說明他是衛宣(xuan)公(gong)的(de)夫(fu)(fu)人。其女兒為宋桓公(gong)夫(fu)(fu)人、許穆夫(fu)(fu)人。
衛宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)本來為太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)伋(ji)(急(ji)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi))娶(qu)妻子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),把(ba)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)迎(ying)娶(qu)到(dao)衛國(guo)(guo)。衛宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)見宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)是個美人(ren),就(jiu)趁急(ji)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)出使鄭國(guo)(guo)的機會,自己把(ba)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)娶(qu)為自己的夫人(ren),之(zhi)后宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)生(sheng)下公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)壽、公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)朔(shuo)兩個兒子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)朔(shuo)欲(yu)奪太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)位,便誣告太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)伋(ji)陰謀不(bu)軌。宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)想(xiang)廢(fei)黜太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)伋(ji),立公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)壽為太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),于是派(pai)太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)伋(ji)出使齊國(guo)(guo),派(pai)人(ren)冒充盜(dao)賊在(zai)半路殺了(le)他。
宣(xuan)姜讓(rang)長子(zi)公子(zi)壽密告太子(zi)伋(ji)(ji),勸他(ta)(ta)逃離(li)外國。太子(zi)伋(ji)(ji)拒(ju)絕(jue)了(le)(le),公子(zi)壽只好在太子(zi)伋(ji)(ji)船上請他(ta)(ta)飲酒(jiu),他(ta)(ta)想代(dai)替太子(zi)伋(ji)(ji)受死(si)。他(ta)(ta)持(chi)白旄(mao)到了(le)(le)衛國邊(bian)境莘地。盜(dao)賊見(jian)到白旄(mao)以為他(ta)(ta)就是太子(zi)伋(ji)(ji),于是殺了(le)(le)公子(zi)壽。太子(zi)伋(ji)(ji)酒(jiu)醒(xing)了(le)(le),看到一旁(pang)弟弟的尸體,大哭:“所當殺乃我(wo)也。”盜(dao)賊又殺了(le)(le)太子(zi)伋(ji)(ji)。
宣公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)兒子都(dou)死了(le),只好立公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子朔(shuo)為太子。次(ci)年(nian)(前(qian)700年(nian)),宣公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)薨逝,太子朔(shuo)即(ji)位(wei)(wei)為衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)惠(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)惠(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)即(ji)位(wei)(wei)后,地(di)位(wei)(wei)非常不穩固。太子伋和公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子壽各有黨羽,他(ta)們時刻想(xiang)為兩(liang)(liang)位(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子報仇,于是(shi)不久發動政變,趕走(zou)了(le)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)惠(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),立公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子伋之弟(di)(di)黔(qian)牟為衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)國(guo)君。后來衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)惠(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)從齊(qi)國(guo)搬(ban)兵,齊(qi)軍攻下衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo),趕走(zou)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)君黔(qian)牟,殺掉了(le)叛亂(luan)的(de)右公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子職和左(zuo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子泄,衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)惠(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)再次(ci)上臺。但是(shi)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)國(guo)內兩(liang)(liang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子的(de)黨羽勢力仍然很強。為了(le)安撫衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)國(guo)人和兩(liang)(liang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子的(de)勢力,齊(qi)襄公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)出了(le)一個(ge)餿(sou)主(zhu)意,作主(zhu)把宣姜改嫁公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子伋的(de)弟(di)(di)弟(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子頑(衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)昭(zhao)伯),生三子二(er)女:齊(qi)子、衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)戴公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)文公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋桓夫人、許穆夫人。
另衛襄公正夫(fu)人亦稱宣姜,二女非(fei)一人。
1996年電視劇(ju)《東周列(lie)國·春(chun)秋篇》(第(di)四集筑臺納媳):蔣竹青飾演宣姜(jiang)。
劉(liu)向:“衛(wei)之宣姜,謀危太(tai)子,欲立子壽,陰設(she)力士。壽乃俱死,衛(wei)果危殆,五世不(bu)寧,亂由(you)姜起。”
父親
齊僖公
兄弟姐妹
兄弟
齊襄公
齊桓公
公子糾
公子彭生
姐妹
文姜,嫁魯桓公
丈夫
第(di)一任丈夫:衛宣(xuan)公
第(di)二任丈夫(fu):衛昭伯(又(you)稱公子頑(wan),衛宣公庶長子)
子女
兒子
公子壽(shou),與衛宣公所生長子
衛惠公(gong),與衛宣公(gong)所生次(ci)子(zi)
齊子,與衛昭(zhao)伯所生長子
衛(wei)戴公,與衛(wei)昭伯所生次子
衛文公(gong),與衛昭伯所生三子
女兒
宋桓夫人,與衛昭(zhao)伯(bo)所生(sheng)長(chang)女,嫁(jia)宋桓公(gong)。
許(xu)穆夫(fu)人,與衛(wei)昭伯所(suo)生次(ci)女(nv),嫁許(xu)穆公(gong)。
史籍
《左傳》桓公十六年
《史記·卷三(san)十七·衛(wei)康叔世(shi)家第七》
《列女傳·卷之七·孽嬖傳》
《太平御覽·儀式部·卷一》
詩經
和詩
君子偕老之妻,
成禮冠冕六珈。
禮服描龍繡鳳,
裙幅山水逶迤。
華服法天象地,
最與身份得宜。
如果其人不淑,
那就不成樣子。
伊人亭亭玉立,
花容月貌羽衣。
一頭如云青絲,
不屑假發襯底。
耳中美玉耳鐺,
頭上象牙搔頭,
肌膚如玉白皙。
堪稱天仙下凡,
宛然降臨帝子。
伊人明艷靚麗,
家居展衣便服。
素絲蒙著霧綃,
紈裳輕紗微露。
但見眉目如畫,
容顏如花似玉。
如此儀態萬方,
足稱名媛國母。
《詩(shi)經·邶風·新臺(tai)》將(jiang)衛(wei)宣(xuan)公比做(zuo)丑(chou)陋(lou)的癩蛤蟆,道:
新臺有泚,河水彌彌。燕婉之求,籧篨不(bu)鮮。
新臺有灑,河水浼浼。燕婉之求,籧篨不殄。
魚網之設,鴻則離之。燕婉之求(qiu),得此戚施(shi)。
宣姜為衛(wei)宣公(gong)(gong)生了兩個兒子(zi),壽和(he)朔(shuo)(shuo).壽是溫潤君子(zi),但朔(shuo)(shuo)妒忌公(gong)(gong)子(zi)壽與伋(ji)子(zi)交好。在父母親(qin)面前屢屢進言中(zhong)傷伋(ji)子(zi).衛(wei)宣公(gong)(gong)聽(ting)信讒言,假(jia)意將伋(ji)子(zi)派去出使(shi)他國,暗中(zhong)讓刺(ci)客埋伏在必經的河岸邊,見到(dao)伋(ji)子(zi)所持象征使(shi)節的旗便殺掉(diao)持旗之人。
公子壽得知(zhi)父母和弟(di)(di)弟(di)(di)的陰謀,忙向兄長通風報信,但伋子從宣姜來到衛(wei)(wei)國(guo)以后(hou)就看(kan)透了,不想逃(tao)離衛(wei)(wei)國(guo).壽無可奈(nai)可,為了保(bao)全(quan)伋子,假意與之餞(jian)行,將其灌(guan)醉,手持旗(qi)扮成使者,在(zai)(zai)河渡邊上被刺(ci)客殺害.伋子醒來后(hou),非(fei)常著急,立即趕往河邊。他趴在(zai)(zai)壽的尸(shi)體(ti)上大哭(ku),對刺(ci)客承認自己(ji)的身份,讓(rang)刺(ci)客把自己(ji)殺了,也倒在(zai)(zai)了弟(di)(di)弟(di)(di)的身旁。
衛(wei)宣公連(lian)折二子(zi)后不(bu)久(jiu)去世,公子(zi)朔(shuo)即位為國君,史稱(cheng)衛(wei)惠公.即位不(bu)久(jiu)國內發生政變,他逃到(dao)了母親的娘家齊(qi)國.
宣姜后被迫(po)嫁與衛宣公(gong)另一個兒子公(gong)子頑,生了子女五人(ren):公(gong)子齊(qi)子、衛戴公(gong)、衛文公(gong)、宋(song)桓(huan)夫人(ren)、許穆(mu)夫人(ren).
此后(hou)詩經中多次提及宣姜:
詩經·君子偕老
君(jun)子(zi)偕老,副(fu)笄六珈(jia),委委佗佗,如山如河,象服(fu)是宜,子(zi)之不淑,云如之何。
玼(ci)兮(xi)玼(ci)兮(xi),其之(zhi)(zhi)翟也,鬒發(fa)如(ru)云,不屑髢(ti)也,玉之(zhi)(zhi)瑱也,象之(zhi)(zhi)揥也,揚(yang)且之(zhi)(zhi)晳也,胡(hu)然而天也,胡(hu)然而帝也。
瑳(cuo)兮瑳(cuo)兮,其之(zhi)(zhi)展也(ye)(ye),蒙(meng)彼縐絺,是紲袢也(ye)(ye),子之(zhi)(zhi)清揚,揚且之(zhi)(zhi)顏也(ye)(ye),展如之(zhi)(zhi)人兮,邦之(zhi)(zhi)媛也(ye)(ye)。
此詩為世人(ren)不(bu)理解宣(xuan)(xuan)姜(jiang)真正的內心,諷刺宣(xuan)(xuan)姜(jiang)放(fang)蕩。