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吳夲
0 票數:0 #歷史人物#
吳夲(公元979—1036年),字華基,北宋同安縣積善里白礁村(今漳州臺商投資區角美鎮白礁村)人,去世后被朝廷追封為大道真人、保生大帝。吳夲曾任宋御醫,后懸壺濟世,醫德高尚,深受人們敬仰,民間稱其為吳真人,尊為“神醫”,鄉民建廟奉祀尊為醫神;其著有《吳夲本草》一書。保生大帝是福建省歷史悠久的民間信仰,供奉保生大帝世界祖廟位于白礁慈濟宮,信眾近億人,是中國歷史上較為著名的醫神之一。
  • 中文名: 吳夲
  • 外文名: Wu Ben
  • 別號名稱: 保生大帝,吳真人(ren),大道真人(ren)
  • 出生日期: 公元(yuan)979年農歷三月十五(wu)日
  • 性別: 男(nan)
  • 國籍: 中國
  • 民族: 漢族(zu)
  • 出生地: 福建省(sheng)泉州市安(an)溪縣
  • 去世日期: 公(gong)元1036年農歷五月初二(er)
  • 職業職位: 醫神,保生(sheng)大帝
  • 代表作品: 《吳本本草》
  • 主要成就: 醫術高明被(bei)譽為醫神
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主要經歷

保生(sheng)大帝:福(fu)建閩(min)南(nan)、廣東(dong)潮汕地(di)區(qu)、中國臺灣(wan)地(di)區(qu)及(ji)東(dong)南(nan)亞華人(ren)所信(xin)奉的(de)道教神祇,俗(su)稱大道公(gong)、吳(wu)真人(ren)、花橋公(gong)。

據(ju)文獻記(ji)載,保生(sheng)大帝為(wei)北宋(song)(song)閩南人士,本(ben)名吳本(ben),字華基,別號云衷。生(sheng)于979年(宋(song)(song)太(tai)宗太(tai)平(ping)興國四年)三月十五日,卒于1036年(宋(song)(song)仁宗景佑(you)三年)五月初二,于采藥之時,羽化飛(fei)升。吳夲年少就(jiu)離開(kai)石門(men)村(cun),到青(qing)礁(jiao)修道,并以白礁(jiao)、青(qing)礁(jiao)為(wei)根據(ju)地(di)行醫為(wei)民治病。

白(bai)礁(jiao)(jiao)慈(ci)濟(ji)宮(gong)(皇帝最早欽賜建造規格最高(gao)(gao)的五(wu)門(men)(men)宮(gong)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)建筑(zhu)(zhu))位于(yu)漳州臺商投(tou)(tou)資區(qu)白(bai)礁(jiao)(jiao)村,面臨九龍(long)(long)(long)江(jiang),背(bei)靠文圃山。祀奉(feng)保生大(da)(da)(da)帝、北(bei)宋(song)名醫(yi)(yi)(yi)吳(wu)(wu)夲(ben)。白(bai)礁(jiao)(jiao)村前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)滔(tao)滔(tao)九龍(long)(long)(long)江(jiang)水融注入(ru)海,潮(chao)(chao)(chao)起(qi)潮(chao)(chao)(chao)落漸成(cheng)(cheng)5條(tiao)港(gang)叉(cha),成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)白(bai)礁(jiao)(jiao)漁舟出(chu)入(ru)港(gang)道(dao)(dao)。吳(wu)(wu)真人童年(nian),隨(sui)父吳(wu)(wu)通出(chu)入(ru)港(gang)道(dao)(dao)討(tao)小海捉魚,后人就把這(zhe)港(gang)道(dao)(dao)叫(jiao)“大(da)(da)(da)道(dao)(dao)公(gong)港(gang)”。由(you)于(yu)這(zhe)5條(tiao)港(gang)叉(cha)日日夜夜潮(chao)(chao)(chao)汐起(qi)落,潮(chao)(chao)(chao)漲一片汪洋(yang),潮(chao)(chao)(chao)落好似5條(tiao)龍(long)(long)(long)須,后人就把這(zhe)片海灘稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)“龍(long)(long)(long)須灣(wan)”。北(bei)宋(song)景祐丙子(1036年(nian))吳(wu)(wu)真人升天(tian),白(bai)礁(jiao)(jiao)父老鄉親緬(mian)懷吳(wu)(wu)真人,籌資在真人生前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)修煉處建庵(an),雕(diao)塑吳(wu)(wu)真人像而祀之,私溢他為(wei)(wei)(wei)“醫(yi)(yi)(yi)靈(ling)真人”,因(yin)庵(an)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)是“龍(long)(long)(long)須灣(wan)”,故(gu)取庵(an)名為(wei)(wei)(wei)“龍(long)(long)(long)湫(qiu)庵(an)”(今祖宮(gong)正(zheng)(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)處)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)身。龍(long)(long)(long)湫(qiu)庵(an),始建于(yu)宋(song)景祐年(nian)間(1036年(nian))。高(gao)(gao)宗(zong)紹興二十年(nian)(1150年(nian)),宋(song)高(gao)(gao)宗(zong)敬重(zhong)民間醫(yi)(yi)(yi)生吳(wu)(wu)本的高(gao)(gao)超醫(yi)(yi)(yi)術和(he)高(gao)(gao)尚醫(yi)(yi)(yi)德,詔在泉州府同安縣白(bai)礁(jiao)(jiao)鄉(今屬漳州臺商投(tou)(tou)資區(qu)白(bai)礁(jiao)(jiao)村)肇立“醫(yi)(yi)(yi)靈(ling)神祠”、紹興二十一年(nian)(1151年(nian))擴為(wei)(wei)(wei)二進(jin)(jin)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)宇。孝宗(zong)乾道(dao)(dao)二年(nian)(1166年(nian))賜廟(miao)(miao)(miao)名曰(yue)“慈(ci)濟(ji)”。理(li)宗(zong)淳祐元年(nian)(1241年(nian))詔改慈(ci)濟(ji)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)慈(ci)濟(ji)宮(gong)。清嘉慶年(nian)間增(zeng)建前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)三進(jin)(jin)宮(gong)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)式(shi)建筑(zhu)(zhu),占地1609.5平方米。宮(gong)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)坐北(bei)朝南(nan),自南(nan)至(zhi)北(bei)依(yi)次(ci)為(wei)(wei)(wei)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、大(da)(da)(da)井(jing)(jing)、獻臺、正(zheng)(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、天(tian)井(jing)(jing)、后殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)二層樓閣(ge)式(shi),單檐歇(xie)山頂(ding)(ding),上(shang)覆紅色板瓦和(he)筒(tong)瓦;底層辟(pi)5個大(da)(da)(da)門(men)(men),門(men)(men)廊有(you)(you)(you)蟠龍(long)(long)(long)石柱6根,門(men)(men)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)有(you)(you)(you)紫色石獅1對;兩(liang)側有(you)(you)(you)懸山頂(ding)(ding)廂房各三間。二樓兩(liang)側分置大(da)(da)(da)鐘(zhong)大(da)(da)(da)鼓。天(tian)井(jing)(jing)有(you)(you)(you)上(shang)下雙(shuang)重(zhong)須彌座(zuo)(zuo)構成(cheng)(cheng)的石砌獻臺,鐫飛(fei)天(tian)樂伎(ji),雙(shuang)獅戲球(qiu)浮雕(diao),獻臺上(shang)置蹲踞狀(zhuang)石獅,稱“國母獅”,右前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)肢上(shang)舉握一吳(wu)(wu)夲(ben)方印(yin),均為(wei)(wei)(wei)宋(song)代(dai)(dai)雕(diao)刻。臺前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)有(you)(you)(you)龍(long)(long)(long)泉井(jing)(jing)。正(zheng)(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),為(wei)(wei)(wei)重(zhong)檐歇(xie)山頂(ding)(ding),紅色筒(tong)瓦單層宮(gong)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)式(shi)結構,臺基比前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)高(gao)(gao)2米,面闊(kuo)五(wu)間,進(jin)(jin)深三間。明間正(zheng)(zheng)中為(wei)(wei)(wei)如意藻井(jing)(jing),共(gong)出(chu)五(wu)挑,次(ci)間用平棊(qi),有(you)(you)(you)傲昂象鼻狀(zhuang),后殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)更高(gao)(gao)于(yu)正(zheng)(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),面闊(kuo)五(wu)間,進(jin)(jin)深三間,前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)有(you)(you)(you)小天(tian)井(jing)(jing),兩(liang)側有(you)(you)(you)鐘(zhong)鼓樓,為(wei)(wei)(wei)重(zhong)檐歇(xie)山頂(ding)(ding)樓閣(ge)式(shi),整(zheng)座(zuo)(zuo)宮(gong)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)建筑(zhu)(zhu)集宋(song)代(dai)(dai)建筑(zhu)(zhu)藝(yi)術之大(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng),有(you)(you)(you)“閩南(nan)故(gu)宮(gong)”美稱。

據說(shuo),白(bai)(bai)礁(jiao)(jiao)慈(ci)濟(ji)祖(zu)(zu)宮供(gong)奉的開基祖(zu)(zu)神像(xiang)有三(san)(san)尊(zun),分稱“一(yi)大(da)(da)帝”、“二(er)大(da)(da)帝”、“三(san)(san)大(da)(da)帝”。一(yi)大(da)(da)帝坐鎮白(bai)(bai)礁(jiao)(jiao)祖(zu)(zu)宮,二(er)大(da)(da)帝分遷臺灣學甲(jia),三(san)(san)大(da)(da)帝享祀(si)廈門海滄青礁(jiao)(jiao)慈(ci)濟(ji)宮。(白(bai)(bai)礁(jiao)(jiao)村共(gong)供(gong)奉三(san)(san)尊(zun)保(bao)生大(da)(da)帝,一(yi)尊(zun)在(zai)白(bai)(bai)礁(jiao)(jiao)慈(ci)濟(ji)宮,一(yi)尊(zun)在(zai)白(bai)(bai)礁(jiao)(jiao)黃娘前慈(ci)虛宮,一(yi)尊(zun)在(zai)白(bai)(bai)礁(jiao)(jiao)潘厝菜市(shi)場旁瑞云(yun)宮保(bao)生大(da)(da)帝廟)。

《學(xue)甲(jia)慈濟(ji)(ji)宮沿革(ge)》云(yun):“保生(sheng)大(da)帝臺(tai)灣開基(ji)祖廟(miao)學(xue)甲(jia)慈濟(ji)(ji)宮,位(wei)于(yu)臺(tai)南學(xue)甲(jia)之(zhi)市區(qu)中(zhong)心。主(zhu)神(shen)(shen)保生(sheng)大(da)帝神(shen)(shen)像(xiang),乃八百年(nian)前宋化(hua)之(zhi)開基(ji)祖神(shen)(shen)像(xiang)(開基(ji)二大(da)帝),于(yu)明永歷(li)十(shi)五年(nian)(清順治(zhi)十(shi)八年(nian),公(gong)元1661年(nian))護佑民(min)族英雄鄭(zheng)成功(gong)之(zhi)部分忠貞軍民(min),自(zi)大(da)陸渡海來臺(tai),在(zai)學(xue)甲(jia)西方四(si)公(gong)里外(wai)之(zhi)將(jiang)軍溪頭前寮登陸。先民(min)定居學(xue)甲(jia)后,先建(jian)簡易奉祀,嗣因保生(sheng)大(da)帝神(shen)(shen)威顯赫,香(xiang)火益盛,乃于(yu)清康熙(xi)四(si)十(shi)年(nian)(1701年(nian))改建(jian)為堂皇廟(miao)宮。”

保生大(da)帝(di)(di)臺灣(wan)民間俗(su)稱(cheng)“大(da)道公”,宋代福(fu)建(jian)路泉(quan)州(zhou)府安溪感德鎮石門村,因其(qi)精通醫術、救(jiu)人(ren)無數,被尊(zun)奉(feng)為神(shen)。在(zai)中國東(dong)南(nan)(nan)沿(yan)海的(de)漳州(zhou)、廈門、泉(quan)州(zhou)與(yu)隔海相望(wang)的(de)臺灣(wan)島,以(yi)及東(dong)南(nan)(nan)亞一(yi)帶(dai),坐(zuo)落著一(yi)座(zuo)座(zuo)金碧輝(hui)煌(huang)的(de)吳(wu)夲(ben)(保生大(da)帝(di)(di))宮(gong)廟(miao)(miao)。每逢歲時(shi)年節(jie),一(yi)座(zuo)座(zuo)的(de)宮(gong)廟(miao)(miao)里總是人(ren)員(yuan)輻湊,往來(lai)的(de)信徒們(men)滿懷(huai)虔誠地(di)在(zai)吳(wu)夲(ben)(保生大(da)帝(di)(di))神(shen)前燃上一(yi)炷香煙(yan),口中呢(ni)喃(nan)私(si)語,希望(wang)吳(wu)夲(ben)(保生大(da)帝(di)(di))保佑(you)家人(ren)平(ping)安,子女向(xiang)學,生意順利,無病無災……

吳夲(ben)是(shi)何方(fang)神圣,竟贏得如此眾(zhong)多(duo)善(shan)男信女的(de)(de)頂禮膜拜(bai)?不了解這一(yi)信仰(yang)的(de)(de)人(ren)們(men),大(da)多(duo)會(hui)把吳本(ben)想象成(cheng)遙(yao)遙(yao)在上的(de)(de)神秘仙國世界里(li)的(de)(de)神佛。其實(shi),吳夲(ben)成(cheng)仙以前,是(shi)一(yi)個實(shi)實(shi)在在的(de)(de)人(ren),是(shi)一(yi)個生活在距今千(qian)年(nian)以前的(de)(de)北宋年(nian)間的(de)(de)醫德(de)醫品極(ji)佳的(de)(de)民(min)間醫生。

廈門高林(lin)村(cun)西村(cun)社(she)孫(sun)姓(xing)的(de)第十(shi)世(shi)(shi)祖孫(sun)瑀(yu)在(zai)北宋元祐二年(nian)(1087年(nian))撰寫(xie)了《西宮檀越記》,文中追憶了其(qi)先(xian)大父(fu)孫(sun)天錫生前與(yu)吳夲相善(shan)往來(lai)的(de)情況。其(qi)后,在(zai)十(shi)三(san)世(shi)(shi)紀初葉(xie),進(jin)士、廣州別駕楊(yang)志與(yu)漳(zhang)州守莊夏,分別撰寫(xie)了《慈濟宮碑(bei)》,兩碑(bei)記對吳本(ben)的(de)事跡都介紹頗詳。此外,發現(xian)于龍(long)海(hai)的(de)《白石丁(ding)氏(shi)古譜》,其(qi)記載也從某一側面透(tou)露出吳本(ben)的(de)相關信息(xi)。下面,我們(men)就從上述(shu)這(zhe)些原始文獻的(de)記載入手,揭(jie)開籠(long)罩在(zai)大道公身上的(de)神(shen)秘(mi)帷幕。

根(gen)據(ju)楊志(zhi)、莊夏《慈(ci)(ci)濟(ji)宮碑(bei)》的(de)記載,保(bao)生大帝名(ming)(ming)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)(ben),字華基,別(bie)號云衷,為(wei)(wei)(wei)紫微(wei)星轉世(shi)(shi)投胎,父親吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)通,后(hou)追(zhui)封為(wei)(wei)(wei)協成元君,母親黃氏為(wei)(wei)(wei)玉(yu)華大仙(xian)轉世(shi)(shi),吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)(ben)年(nian)少時曾受昆(kun)侖山西王母傳(chuan)授法(fa)術(shu),后(hou)舉科舉,官任御史(shi),精(jing)通天文地理(li),禮樂醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu),后(hou)辭官修(xiu)(xiu)道(dao)(dao),行醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)濟(ji)世(shi)(shi),曾于山林之(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)施(shi)法(fa)救(jiu)起遭虎(hu)咬死的(de)書僮,感動(dong)書僮主人(ren)知縣江(jiang)仙(xian)官與(yu)張師爺,追(zhui)隨吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)(ben)修(xiu)(xiu)練道(dao)(dao)術(shu),施(shi)藥(yao)活(huo)(huo)人(ren)。吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)(ben)早年(nian)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)于泉州府同(tong)安(an)縣與(yu)漳(zhang)州府海澄縣交界的(de)白礁與(yu)青礁一(yi)(yi)帶。吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)(ben)生于宋(song)太宗(zong)太平興國四年(nian)(979年(nian))三(san)月十五日,卒于宋(song)仁(ren)宗(zong)景祐三(san)年(nian)(1036年(nian))五月初二日。成神(shen)(shen)之(zhi)前,吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)(ben)乃(nai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)個醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)高(gao)明(ming)(ming)、醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)德(de)(de)高(gao)尚的(de)民間醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)生;同(tong)時,也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)個濟(ji)世(shi)(shi)救(jiu)人(ren)、心懷眾(zhong)生的(de)修(xiu)(xiu)道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)人(ren)。如楊志(zhi)在(zai)(zai)《慈(ci)(ci)濟(ji)宮碑(bei)》中(zhong)(zhong),認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)(ben)“弱不(bu)(bu)好弄,不(bu)(bu)茹葷,長不(bu)(bu)娶,而以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)活(huo)(huo)人(ren)。枕中(zhong)(zhong)肘后(hou)之(zhi)方(fang),未始不(bu)(bu)數數然也。所(suo)治(zhi)之(zhi)疾,不(bu)(bu)旋踵(zhong)(zhong)而去,遠近(jin)(jin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)神(shen)(shen)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)”。可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)看出,吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)(ben)生前不(bu)(bu)吃葷、不(bu)(bu)娶妻等行為(wei)(wei)(wei),確是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)嚴守(shou)戒律(lv)的(de)修(xiu)(xiu)道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)士;而他藥(yao)到病(bing)(bing)(bing)除的(de)高(gao)明(ming)(ming)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu),也為(wei)(wei)(wei)他本人(ren)博(bo)得神(shen)(shen)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)雅稱。在(zai)(zai)莊夏的(de)筆下,吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)(ben)仙(xian)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)角色,愈發(fa)生動(dong)鮮明(ming)(ming)。吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)(ben)畢生從事民間的(de)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)療活(huo)(huo)動(dong),在(zai)(zai)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)上頗有創(chuang)獲,治(zhi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)效(xiao)果(guo)奇佳。而且,有時吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)本還借助一(yi)(yi)些(xie)道(dao)(dao)教的(de)儀(yi)式(shi),幫助患者(zhe)(zhe)解(jie)決(jue)病(bing)(bing)(bing)痛,效(xiao)果(guo)同(tong)樣顯(xian)著。莊夏《慈(ci)(ci)濟(ji)宮碑(bei)》稱,“嘗業醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)全活(huo)(huo)人(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)心。按病(bing)(bing)(bing)投藥(yao),如矢(shi)破的(de);或吸氣噓(xu)水以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)飲病(bing)(bing)(bing)者(zhe)(zhe),雖沈痼奇恠,亦就痊愈。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厲者(zhe)(zhe)、痬者(zhe)(zhe)、癕疽者(zhe)(zhe),扶升(sheng)攜(xie)持,無(wu)日不(bu)(bu)交踵(zhong)(zhong)其門”。可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)想象(xiang),如果(guo)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)(ben)愿(yuan)意(yi),他所(suo)擁有的(de)高(gao)明(ming)(ming)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)很容易地為(wei)(wei)(wei)他帶來錦(jin)衣玉(yu)食,甚至(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功名(ming)(ming)利祿。然而,生性純樸而又慕道(dao)(dao)求(qiu)仙(xian)的(de)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)(ben),并沒有把(ba)他高(gao)明(ming)(ming)的(de)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)當作追(zhui)求(qiu)功名(ming)(ming)富(fu)貴(gui)(gui)的(de)工(gong)具,他的(de)一(yi)(yi)生,都以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)能為(wei)(wei)(wei)民眾(zhong)解(jie)除病(bing)(bing)(bing)痛為(wei)(wei)(wei)矢(shi)志(zhi)。對于登門求(qiu)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)病(bing)(bing)(bing)人(ren),吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)(ben)一(yi)(yi)視(shi)同(tong)仁(ren),“無(wu)視(shi)貴(gui)(gui)賤,悉為(wei)(wei)(wei)視(shi)療,人(ren)人(ren)皆(jie)獲所(suo)欲去,遠近(jin)(jin)咸以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)神(shen)(shen)”。吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)(ben)高(gao)尚的(de)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)德(de)(de)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)品,在(zai)(zai)此非(fei)常明(ming)(ming)顯(xian)的(de)體現。

孫(sun)(sun)瑀的(de)(de)(de)《西宮(gong)檀(tan)越記(ji)》,也給我(wo)們帶(dai)來吳(wu)(wu)夲生前(qian)活動的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些重要(yao)信息。在(zai)(zai)《西宮(gong)檀(tan)越記(ji)》里,孫(sun)(sun)瑀追憶了其先大(da)父孫(sun)(sun)天(tian)錫在(zai)(zai)獲(huo)得吳(wu)(wu)夲施藥治病后(hou)兩(liang)(liang)人相(xiang)善往來的(de)(de)(de)詳細經過(guo)。宋仁宗天(tian)圣四年(1026年),孫(sun)(sun)天(tian)錫食河魚得疾,調養(yang)于家居附近(jin)的(de)(de)(de)旗(qi)(qi)山居士(shi)庵。一(yi)(yi)(yi)個多(duo)(duo)月(yue)(yue)后(hou),有一(yi)(yi)(yi)姓(xing)裴(pei)的(de)(de)(de)方士(shi),自(zi)號(hao)(hao)養(yang)真老子(zi),年已80有余,但身(shen)著道袍,鶴發童顏,頗有神仙之(zhi)概。裴(pei)養(yang)真周游(you)到居士(shi)庵,與孫(sun)(sun)天(tian)錫相(xiang)見(jian)之(zhi)下,談(tan)天(tian)說(shuo)地(di),話語極為投機。過(guo)不多(duo)(duo)久,居住在(zai)(zai)白礁的(de)(de)(de)吳(wu)(wu)悟(wu)真,“素以神醫(yi)名(ming)”,聽(ting)說(shuo)周游(you)于旗(qi)(qi)山居士(shi)庵的(de)(de)(de)裴(pei)養(yang)真“妙(miao)契神靈秘旨(zhi),且深(shen)修煉之(zhi)術”,在(zai)(zai)修道學(xue)仙上極有造詣(yi),于是(shi)急(ji)忙(mang)涉水渡江,趕(gan)來拜訪求(qiu)經。裴(pei)養(yang)真一(yi)(yi)(yi)見(jian)吳(wu)(wu)悟(wu)真,就為其不同凡俗的(de)(de)(de)外表(biao)與談(tan)吐所(suo)折服,“知為超世(shi)人”,于是(shi)兩(liang)(liang)人相(xiang)得甚(shen)歡。在(zai)(zai)結(jie)為密友后(hou),裴(pei)養(yang)真對自(zi)己(ji)所(suo)學(xue)毫(hao)不隱瞞,傾(qing)囊傳授給吳(wu)(wu)悟(wu)真,“悉以神秘授之(zhi)”。二人相(xiang)處之(zhi)余,吳(wu)(wu)悟(wu)真見(jian)孫(sun)(sun)天(tian)錫面(mian)帶(dai)病容,即施妙(miao)手,替天(tian)錫治病,“三日而見(jian)效,半月(yue)(yue)而平復,閱三月(yue)(yue)而肢(zhi)體(ti)強壯(zhuang),顏色(se)如故”。愈后(hou),孫(sun)(sun)天(tian)錫大(da)喜過(guo)望,要(yao)以百金(jin)酬謝,吳(wu)(wu)夲(法號(hao)(hao)悟(wu)真)卻而不納。于是(shi)孫(sun)(sun)、吳(wu)(wu)兩(liang)(liang)人也結(jie)為深(shen)交(jiao),在(zai)(zai)裴(pei)養(yang)真走(zou)后(hou),兩(liang)(liang)人還不斷地(di)互通音信。

孫(sun)(sun)(sun)瑀(yu)文中的吳(wu)(wu)(wu)悟真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)是否就是吳(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)呢?答案是肯定的。孫(sun)(sun)(sun)氏后(hou)裔在重(zhong)修族譜(pu)時,又(you)在《西宮檀(tan)越記》文后(hou)加上(shang)補注(zhu),“吳(wu)(wu)(wu)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)人生于(yu)宋太(tai)宗(zong)太(tai)平興國四年(nian)己卯歲(sui)三月十(shi)五(wu)日辰時,卒于(yu)宋仁宗(zong)景祐三年(nian)丙(bing)子(zi)歲(sui)五(wu)月初二日,經今計(ji)封(feng)十(shi)六(liu)次”。由此觀之,吳(wu)(wu)(wu)悟真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)就是吳(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben),悟真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)可能是其(qi)修道(dao)時用的道(dao)號。從孫(sun)(sun)(sun)瑀(yu)追憶的這個(ge)故事(shi)來看,吳(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)生前對道(dao)教方(fang)術興趣盎然,在聽說(shuo)裴養真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的消(xiao)息后(hou),不辭勞累,從白礁涉九龍(long)江到(dao)廈門拜會。同時吳(wu)(wu)(wu)本的醫術也(ye)相當高(gao)明(ming),面對孫(sun)(sun)(sun)天錫調養一個(ge)多月都未(wei)見(jian)起色的疾患,在施藥調理后(hou),三日見(jian)效。而(er)且,吳(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)醫德高(gao)尚,當孫(sun)(sun)(sun)天錫以百(bai)金重(zhong)酬其(qi)功時,不為錢財所迷,而(er)是坦(tan)然卻之,此等高(gao)風亮節,有神仙(xian)風范。

有關吳(wu)(wu)夲的仙化,莊夏《慈(ci)濟(ji)宮(gong)(gong)碑》僅提到“羽化于(yu)家”。但當地民(min)眾知道吳(wu)(wu)夲仙化后,自發(fa)在(zai)吳(wu)(wu)夲生(sheng)前(qian)采藥煉丹的青礁,搭建簡易(yi)小祠(ci)——龍(long)(long)湫(qiu)庵(an),供奉吳(wu)(wu)夲神像,呼(hu)為醫靈(ling)真人,虔加祭(ji)禱(dao)。說來也(ye)怪,病(bing)人在(zai)龍(long)(long)湫(qiu)庵(an)祭(ji)拜后,其疾患往(wang)往(wang)不(bu)(bu)藥而愈,仿佛是吳(wu)(wu)夲之靈(ling)還(huan)在(zai)冥冥之中(zhong)護佑著病(bing)人。于(yu)是,消息(xi)一傳十(shi),十(shi)傳百,各地的民(min)眾紛(fen)至沓(ta)來,到龍(long)(long)湫(qiu)庵(an)祭(ji)拜吳(wu)(wu)夲,以求得病(bing)愈,結果效(xiao)果同(tong)樣明(ming)顯。楊志(zhi)在(zai)《慈(ci)濟(ji)宮(gong)(gong)碑》中(zhong)也(ye)記(ji)載了(le)這(zhe)一異事,“羽化之后,靈(ling)異益著。民(min)有瘡(chuang)痬疾疢,不(bu)(bu)謁諸(zhu)醫,惟侯是求。撮(cuo)鹽盂(yu)水,橫劍其前(qian),焚(fen)香默禱(dao),而沈疴已脫(tuo)矣”。

元(yuan)代(dai),隨著(zhu)保(bao)生大帝信仰的(de)發展與傳(chuan)播,上述宋代(dai)文(wen)獻記載中吳夲模糊的(de)形象,逐漸變得生動活潑與鮮(xian)明起來。

元明(ming)清(qing)以后,保(bao)(bao)(bao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)(da)帝(di)(di)(di)信(xin)仰(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)播(bo)范圍擴大(da)(da),呈現出(chu)遍地開花的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨勢(shi),而且各(ge)地奉祀保(bao)(bao)(bao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)(da)帝(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)廟(miao)(miao)數量也扶(fu)搖直(zhi)上(shang)。明(ming)清(qing)時期,保(bao)(bao)(bao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)(da)帝(di)(di)(di)信(xin)仰(yang)(yang)已經走(zou)出(chu)福建,傳(chuan)播(bo)到(dao)隔海相望的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)寶島(dao)臺(tai)(tai)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)以及(ji)東(dong)南(nan)亞一帶(dai)(dai)。據(ju)臺(tai)(tai)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)學者(zhe)考(kao)證(zheng),見諸文獻(xian)記(ji)載(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)臺(tai)(tai)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)最(zui)早建立(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)(da)帝(di)(di)(di)祠祀,應是肇建于(yu)荷蘭(lan)據(ju)臺(tai)(tai)時期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)臺(tai)(tai)南(nan)縣(xian)(xian)廣儲東(dong)里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)道(dao)公(gong)廟(miao)(miao),王必昌《重修(xiu)臺(tai)(tai)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)縣(xian)(xian)志(zhi)》載(zai):“荷蘭(lan)據(ju)臺(tai)(tai),與漳泉人(ren)貿易時,已建廟(miao)(miao)廣儲東(dong)里(li)矣(yi)!”此(ci)后,鄭(zheng)成功入(ru)臺(tai)(tai),以及(ji)清(qing)朝統一臺(tai)(tai)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)后帶(dai)(dai)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)次(ci)閩人(ren)移臺(tai)(tai)高(gao)潮(chao),都有(you)力地推(tui)動了保(bao)(bao)(bao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)(da)帝(di)(di)(di)信(xin)仰(yang)(yang)在臺(tai)(tai)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)播(bo)。時至今(jin)日(ri),保(bao)(bao)(bao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)(da)帝(di)(di)(di)信(xin)仰(yang)(yang)已發展為(wei)臺(tai)(tai)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一種強勢(shi)地方神信(xin)仰(yang)(yang)。據(ju)2001年臺(tai)(tai)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)(da)帝(di)(di)(di)廟(miao)(miao)宇聯誼會的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)統計(ji),臺(tai)(tai)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)(da)帝(di)(di)(di)同(tong)祀宮(gong)(gong)(gong)廟(miao)(miao)共有(you)264座(尚不(bu)包(bao)括未加(jia)入(ru)聯誼會的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)廟(miao)(miao))。至此(ci),全臺(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行政區劃(hua)中,除基隆市外,全都或(huo)(huo)多(duo)或(huo)(huo)少(shao)分(fen)布有(you)保(bao)(bao)(bao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)(da)帝(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)祀宮(gong)(gong)(gong)廟(miao)(miao)。明(ming)清(qing)漳、泉商人(ren)在東(dong)南(nan)亞一帶(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活動,也促使保(bao)(bao)(bao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)(da)帝(di)(di)(di)信(xin)仰(yang)(yang)走(zou)出(chu)國(guo)門(men),落戶于(yu)浩渺萬里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)異國(guo)他鄉。如道(dao)光十九年(1839年)新加(jia)坡天福宮(gong)(gong)(gong)落成時,保(bao)(bao)(bao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)(da)帝(di)(di)(di)即為(wei)主祀神明(ming)之一。咸豐(feng)十年(1860年),三寶壟華人(ren)領(ling)袖(xiu)陳宗淮還(huan)特地在大(da)(da)陸(lu)定制保(bao)(bao)(bao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)(da)帝(di)(di)(di)神尊,迎返(fan)當地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)覺寺奉祀。此(ci)外,東(dong)南(nan)亞其(qi)他國(guo)家奉祀保(bao)(bao)(bao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)(da)帝(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)廟(miao)(miao)也不(bu)在少(shao)數。

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