形態特征
小(xiao)(xiao)喬木,高(gao)達(da)12米(mi)(mi)。樹干及(ji)(ji)小(xiao)(xiao)枝(zhi)白(bai)(bai)灰或淡黃灰色,略(lve)有(you)(you)光澤(ze),當年生枝(zhi)綠(lv)(lv)色,其(qi)橫切(qie)面(mian)呈鈍三角形(xing),底邊(bian)近圓(yuan)弧形(xing)。幼苗期(qi)的葉(xie)為單葉(xie),其(qi)后為單小(xiao)(xiao)葉(xie)及(ji)(ji)二小(xiao)(xiao)葉(xie),成長(chang)(chang)葉(xie)有(you)(you)小(xiao)(xiao)葉(xie)3-5、稀(xi)(xi)7片;小(xiao)(xiao)葉(xie)深綠(lv)(lv)色,葉(xie)面(mian)有(you)(you)光澤(ze),卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)或卵(luan)(luan)狀(zhuang)披(pi)針形(xing),長(chang)(chang)3-9厘米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)1.5-4厘米(mi)(mi),頂(ding)部(bu)狹長(chang)(chang)漸尖,稀(xi)(xi)短尖,基(ji)部(bu)短尖,兩側對稱或一側偏斜,邊(bian)全緣(yuan),波浪(lang)狀(zhuang)起(qi)伏,側脈每(mei)邊(bian)4-8條;小(xiao)(xiao)葉(xie)柄長(chang)(chang)不(bu)足1厘米(mi)(mi)。花(hua)序腋生及(ji)(ji)頂(ding)生,通(tong)常有(you)(you)花(hua)10朵(duo)以內,稀(xi)(xi)多(duo)達(da)50余朵(duo);萼片卵(luan)(luan)形(xing),長(chang)(chang)達(da)2毫米(mi)(mi),邊(bian)緣(yuan)有(you)(you)疏毛,宿存;花(hua)瓣倒披(pi)針形(xing)或狹長(chang)(chang)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形(xing),長(chang)(chang)達(da)2厘米(mi)(mi),盛花(hua)時稍(shao)反折,散生淡黃色半透明油點(dian);雄蕊10枚,長(chang)(chang)短相間,花(hua)絲白(bai)(bai)色,線狀(zhuang),比花(hua)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)略(lve)短,藥隔(ge)中(zhong)央(yang)及(ji)(ji)頂(ding)端極(ji)少有(you)(you)油點(dian);花(hua)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)綠(lv)(lv)色,細(xi)長(chang)(chang),連子房(fang)長(chang)(chang)達(da)12毫米(mi)(mi),柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭甚(shen)(shen)大,比子房(fang)寬(kuan)或等寬(kuan),子房(fang)2室。果橙黃至朱紅色,狹長(chang)(chang)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形(xing),稀(xi)(xi)卵(luan)(luan)形(xing),頂(ding)部(bu)漸狹,長(chang)(chang)1-2厘米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)5-14毫米(mi)(mi),有(you)(you)甚(shen)(shen)多(duo)干后凸起(qi)但(dan)中(zhong)央(yang)窩點(dian)狀(zhuang)下陷的油點(dian),種子1-2粒(li);種皮(pi)有(you)(you)棉質毛。花(hua)期(qi)4-9月(yue),也有(you)(you)秋、冬(dong)開花(hua),果期(qi)9-12月(yue)。
生長環境
喜溫(wen)(wen)(wen)暖濕潤氣候,耐旱(han),不耐寒。最適年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度15~18℃,最高月(yue)平均(jun)(jun)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度27~29℃,最低(di)(di)月(yue)平均(jun)(jun)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度1~2℃,能耐極端最低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度-7℃,年(nian)降雨量1000~1600mm為(wei)(wei)宜。以(yi)選陽光充足,土(tu)層深厚、疏松肥沃的微堿性(xing)土(tu)壤栽培為(wei)(wei)宜。
主要價值
根、葉用(yong)作草藥。味(wei)微辛,苦而麻(ma)辣。性溫,一說有(you)小毒,通經絡,行氣(qi),活血,散(san)瘀(yu),止痛(tong)(tong)(tong),鎮(zhen)驚,消腫,解毒。治感冒、頭痛(tong)(tong)(tong)、胃痛(tong)(tong)(tong)、牙(ya)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)、風濕骨痛(tong)(tong)(tong)、跌(die)打腫痛(tong)(tong)(tong)。
根(gen)皮(pi)松軟,淡黃色,據(ju)報道,根(gen)的(de)50%酒精浸(jin)劑可用作口腔粘膜表皮(pi)麻醉劑,用兩面針和千里香的(de)根(gen)50%的(de)酒精浸(jin)劑,可減輕局部刺(ci)激作用。