秦艽是龍膽科多年(nian)生草本植物(wu),是治風濕關節痛(tong)(tong)、結核(he)病潮熱(re)、黃疸等癥的(de)主(zhu)藥(yao)之一(yi)。在青海尤以黃南(nan)產的(de)秦艽質(zhi)量最佳。是中(zhong)國重要的(de)傳統中(zhong)藥(yao)之一(yi),始載于《神農本草經》,列為中(zhong)品(pin),“秦艽主(zhu)寒(han)(han)熱(re)邪氣,寒(han)(han)濕風痹(bi),肢節痛(tong)(tong)、下水、利小便。”
秦(qin)(qin)(qin)艽(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)重要的傳統中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥之一,始載(zai)(zai)于《神農本草經》,列為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)品(pin)(pin),“秦(qin)(qin)(qin)艽(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)主寒(han)熱邪(xie)氣,寒(han)濕風痹(bi),肢節(jie)(jie)痛、下(xia)水、利(li)小便。”《名(ming)醫別錄(lu)》稱(cheng)“秦(qin)(qin)(qin)艽(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)能(neng)療風,無問(wen)久(jiu)(jiu)新(xin),通(tong)身攣(luan)急(ji)”,“秦(qin)(qin)(qin)艽(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)生(sheng)飛鳥山谷”,弘景(jing)曰:“今(jin)出(chu)甘(gan)松、龍(long)洞、蠶陵,以根(gen)作(zuo)羅紋(wen)相交(jiao)長大(da)黃(huang)白(bai)者為(wei)佳(jia)。”蘇(su)頌曰:“今(jin)河陜州(zhou)郡多有(you)之,根(gen)土(tu)黃(huang)色(se)而相糾,長一尺已,粗(cu)細不等。枝(zhi)干(gan)高(gao)五(wu)六寸…六月(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)開花紫色(se),似(si)葛(ge)花…每于春秋采根(gen)陰干(gan)。”根(gen)據本草植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)形態記載(zai)(zai),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)學(xue)者夏光(guang)成先生(sheng)考證后(hou)認為(wei)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)艽(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)是(shi)(shi)龍(long)膽(dan)科龍(long)膽(dan)屬秦(qin)(qin)(qin)艽(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)組(zu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)。根(gen)據《證類(lei)本草》所(suo)附秦(qin)(qin)(qin)艽(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)圖可知(zhi)古代所(suo)用秦(qin)(qin)(qin)艽(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)今(jin)龍(long)膽(dan)屬植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)葉(xie)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)艽(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(Gentiana macrophylla Pall.).《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)人民共和國(guo)(guo)藥典(dian)》(2000版(ban))所(suo)規定的秦(qin)(qin)(qin)艽(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)原(yuan)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)為(wei)大(da)葉(xie)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)艽(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(Gentiana macrophylla Pall.)、粗(cu)莖秦(qin)(qin)(qin)艽(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(G.crassicaulis Duthie.),小秦(qin)(qin)(qin)艽(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(G. dahurica Fisch. )、麻花艽(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(G.straminea Maxim.)。但是(shi)(shi)陜西和甘(gan)肅兩省(sheng)的主流秦(qin)(qin)(qin)艽(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)商品(pin)(pin)均(jun)為(wei)大(da)葉(xie)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)艽(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的根(gen)。另外從(cong)本草記載(zai)(zai):“今(jin)出(chu)經州(zhou)、娜(na)州(zhou)、岐(qi)州(zhou)者良”可知(zhi)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)艽(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)佳(jia)品(pin)(pin)產自(zi)陜西。李時珍也指(zhi)出(chu)“秦(qin)(qin)(qin)艽(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)出(chu)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),以根(gen)作(zuo)羅紋(wen)相交(jiao)者為(wei)佳(jia),故名(ming)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)艽(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),秦(qin)(qin)(qin)糾”。所(suo)以四(si)種正(zheng)品(pin)(pin)原(yuan)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以大(da)葉(xie)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)艽(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)最為(wei)重要,作(zuo)為(wei)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)艽(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)藥用歷史悠久(jiu)(jiu),并且(qie)處于黃(huang)土(tu)高(gao)原(yuan)腹(fu)地的陜西、甘(gan)肅兩省(sheng)是(shi)(shi)其地道產區(qu)。秦(qin)(qin)(qin)艽(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥治療風濕痹(bi)痛,關(guan)節(jie)(jie)病必不可少的藥物(wu)(wu)(wu)。國(guo)(guo)家重點(dian)保(bao)護的藥用植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)列為(wei)國(guo)(guo)家三級重點(dian)保(bao)護植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)。.
金(jin)(jin)川(chuan)(chuan)秦艽地理標志(zhi)產品保護范圍為四川(chuan)(chuan)省金(jin)(jin)川(chuan)(chuan)縣(xian)內俄熱鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、二嘎(ga)里(li)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、觀音橋(qiao)鎮(zhen)、太陽(yang)河鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、卡拉腳(jiao)(jiao)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、撒瓦腳(jiao)(jiao)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、集沐鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、慶寧鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、咯爾鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、沙耳鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、金(jin)(jin)川(chuan)(chuan)鎮(zhen)、勒烏鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、萬林鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、河西鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、河東(dong)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、獨松鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、馬爾邦鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、安(an)寧鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、馬奈(nai)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、曾達鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、卡撒鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)等21個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)現(xian)轄(xia)行政區域。
產品特色
金川縣地處青藏高原東部邊緣,自然條件獨特,區域特征明顯,適于金川秦艽的生長發育。金(jin)川(chuan)秦(qin)艽(jiao)根部(bu)完(wan)整,無(wu)斷根,蘆下直徑在(zai)1.2cm以上。干凈無(wu)雜質(zhi),質(zhi)堅而脆(cui),龍(long)膽苦苷(gan)≥5%,質(zhi)量等級達3級以上。
獲保護后的成效
獲保護(hu)后,金川(chuan)秦艽商(shang)品企業每年(nian)新增產值10萬(wan)(wan)元,種植戶農民人均增收120元,銷售(shou)量(liang)和總收入(ru)比地震前增加200%,對災后重建發(fa)揮了不可(ke)替代的巨大作用。目前,金川(chuan)秦艽商(shang)品基地已(yi)發(fa)展到1萬(wan)(wan)畝,產量(liang)約65t/a,商(shang)品量(liang)約60t/a。