產品介紹
越(yue)西(xi)縣(xian)位(wei)于四川省南(nan)部(bu),涼山州北(bei)部(bu),介(jie)于東經102°20′-102°54′,北(bei)緯(wei)28°18′-28°53′,海(hai)拔(ba)1600-2100m。越(yue)西(xi)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)櫻桃(tao)(tao)農(nong)產(chan)品地理標志地域保護范圍為(wei)越(yue)西(xi)境內(nei)(nei)25個(ge)山區(qu)鄉(xiang)鎮所屬的(de)自然村,保護面積13067公(gong)頃。越(yue)西(xi)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)櫻桃(tao)(tao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)形(xing)(xing)腎形(xing)(xing)或心臟形(xing)(xing),縫合線(xian)明顯。果(guo)(guo)(guo)柄中短,果(guo)(guo)(guo)大,果(guo)(guo)(guo)皮紅(hong)至紫紅(hong)色(se),皮色(se)艷麗有光澤。果(guo)(guo)(guo)肉粉紅(hong)至玫(mei)瑰紅(hong),肥(fei)厚多汁,質(zhi)脆(cui)離核。風味酸甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)適度,品質(zhi)佳。 越(yue)西(xi)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)櫻桃(tao)(tao)單(dan)果(guo)(guo)(guo)較重、可溶(rong)性固形(xing)(xing)物含量高(gao)、營養(yang)豐富,含有大量維(wei)生素C及鈣、鐵等營養(yang)元素。其單(dan)果(guo)(guo)(guo)重≥4g,可溶(rong)性固形(xing)(xing)物含量≥14%、維(wei)生素C ≥6mg/100g。 越(yue)西(xi)縣(xian)獨特的(de)環(huan)境被國(guo)內(nei)(nei)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)櫻桃(tao)(tao)專家確(que)定為(wei)中國(guo)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)櫻桃(tao)(tao)最(zui)適栽培(pei)區(qu),且為(wei)全國(guo)露地栽培(pei)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)櫻桃(tao)(tao)最(zui)早(zao)熟的(de)地區(qu),果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)的(de)成熟期(qi)在(zai)4月下(xia)旬-5月下(xia)旬,同一甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)櫻桃(tao)(tao)品種(zhong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)的(de)成熟期(qi)比省內(nei)(nei)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)櫻桃(tao)(tao)主(zhu)產(chan)區(qu)提早(zao)成熟10 -15天,比北(bei)方甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)櫻桃(tao)(tao)主(zhu)產(chan)區(qu)提早(zao)成熟25-30天。因此越(yue)西(xi)縣(xian)被稱為(wei)“西(xi)南(nan)高(gao)海(hai)拔(ba)特早(zao)熟甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)櫻桃(tao)(tao)栽培(pei)區(qu)”。 2004年(nian)取得農(nong)業(ye)部(bu)頒發的(de)“綠色(se)食品認證證書”。 甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)櫻桃(tao)(tao)種(zhong)植(zhi)業(ye)列入“十二五(wu)”經濟發展(zhan)計劃, 計劃到2015年(nian)發展(zhan)種(zhong)植(zhi)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)櫻桃(tao)(tao)2000公(gong)頃,出臺多種(zhong)優惠政策,鼓勵農(nong)民(min)種(zhong)植(zhi)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)櫻桃(tao)(tao)。
自然(ran)生態環境和(he)人文歷史因素(su)
(1)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地(di)貌情況:越西縣(xian)(xian)主要地(di)貌為平(ping)壩、中高(gao)(gao)低(di)山,山地(di)面積占(zhan)90%以上,地(di)勢南(nan)高(gao)(gao)北低(di),由南(nan)向(xiang)北傾(qing)斜,境(jing)內海(hai)(hai)拔差較(jiao)大,大約為1000-2000米(mi)(mi)。最低(di)海(hai)(hai)拔(梅花鄉巴姑河(he)邊)1170米(mi)(mi),最高(gao)(gao)海(hai)(hai)拔(陽糯雪山的(de)主峰鏵頭(tou)尖)4791米(mi)(mi),形成(cheng)獨特的(de)立體氣(qi)候(hou)特征。縣(xian)(xian)境(jing)內主要為水(shui)稻土(tu)、紫(zi)色土(tu)、黃壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)、黃棕壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)、潮土(tu)、紅壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)和沼澤(ze)土(tu)7個土(tu)類(lei),土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)質(zhi)地(di)輕壤(rang)(rang)至(zhi)重(zhong)壤(rang)(rang)。土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)有機(ji)質(zhi)含量平(ping)均為 1.8 %, pH值6-7.5,酸堿適(shi)中。
(2)水(shui)文情況:境內大小(xiao)河(he)(he)流密布,屬(shu)大渡河(he)(he)水(shui)系(xi)的河(he)(he)流主要有(you)越西河(he)(he)、普(pu)雄(xiong)河(he)(he)、漫灘河(he)(he)、寶珠拉(la)達河(he)(he)等(deng);屬(shu)金沙江水(shui)系(xi)的有(you)則普(pu)拉(la)達河(he)(he)、保石河(he)(he)等(deng),河(he)(he)流總長(chang)度212.6公里,其(qi)中以普(pu)雄(xiong)河(he)(he)和越西河(he)(he)較(jiao)長(chang)。
(3)氣(qi)候情況:越西縣屬北(bei)亞熱帶氣(qi)候,具(ju)有年(nian)(nian)較(jiao)差小(xiao)、日較(jiao)差大,立(li)體垂直(zhi)氣(qi)候特征明顯等特點(dian)。海(hai)拔1600-2100米地區,年(nian)(nian)均氣(qi)溫(wen)為(wei)11.3-13.3℃,≥10℃的(de)年(nian)(nian)有效積溫(wen)3915.7-3200℃,平均降水(shui)量(liang)1017-1113mm(主要集中在6-10月,年(nian)(nian)日照時(shi)數1612.9-1860小(xiao)時(shi),無霜(shuang)期248-225天,特別是氣(qi)候溫(wen)穩定通過5℃的(de)初日在于2月下旬,春季氣(qi)溫(wen)回升(sheng)快(kuai),使得果實(shi)成(cheng)熟特早。
(4)人(ren)文(wen)歷史情況:越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)縣(xian)歷史悠(you)久,因(yin)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)過(guo)嶲(sui)水設郡(jun)縣(xian)而(er)得名。漢(han)帝元鼎6年(nian)(nian)設置越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)嶲(sui)郡(jun),今越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)縣(xian)時為(wei)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)嶲(sui)郡(jun)領之(zhi)“闌縣(xian)”。晉太康8年(nian)(nian)文(wen)昌帝君張亞子(zi)誕生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)于境內(nei)中所(suo)水鎮。北周天和3年(nian)(nian)設置邛都縣(xian)至隋唐(tang),明洪武25年(nian)(nian)設置越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)嶲(sui)衛,民(min)(min)國(guo)(guo)2年(nian)(nian)改越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)嶲(sui)縣(xian),是南方絲(si)綢(chou)之(zhi)路的(de)(de)(de)(de)要塞(sai),為(wei)彝(yi)族(zu)世居地(di)。 從二十(shi)世紀七(qi)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)代開始,越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)縣(xian)大量(liang)種植(zhi)甜(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao),自此(ci)(ci)便與(yu)(yu)人(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活密不(bu)可(ke)分,特(te)(te)別是與(yu)(yu)彝(yi)族(zu)畢(bi)(bi)摩(mo)文(wen)化緊(jin)密聯系:甜(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)因(yin)其果實艷(yan)麗、枝(zhi)(zhi)葉純潔、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)力強(qiang)被(bei)(bei)彝(yi)人(ren)同(tong)鐵杉樹(shu)一(yi)道敬為(wei)“神(shen)枝(zhi)(zhi)”,鐵杉生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)于高寒(han)之(zhi)山(shan),寓(yu)意(yi)陽剛,象(xiang)征男性(xing)(xing),甜(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)于低山(shan)、寓(yu)意(yi)陰柔,象(xiang)征母性(xing)(xing),以男、女性(xing)(xing)相對(dui)應,象(xiang)征彝(yi)人(ren)男、女相互依從繁衍生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)息,人(ren)們(men)從此(ci)(ci)過(guo)上(shang)幸(xing)福生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活。據彝(yi)族(zu)畢(bi)(bi)摩(mo)經(jing)(jing)書(shu)記載:遠古時代,為(wei)了(le)彝(yi)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)興旺發(fa)達、幸(xing)福安康,上(shang)天授意(yi)人(ren)間(jian)請(qing)畢(bi)(bi)摩(mo)做(zuo)法(fa)事,于是彝(yi)人(ren)先民(min)(min)用(yong)金(jin)銀(yin)財寶做(zuo)神(shen)枝(zhi)(zhi)、野獸(shou)野禽做(zuo)祭牲;到(dao)了(le)著(zhu)名的(de)(de)(de)(de)彝(yi)族(zu)畢(bi)(bi)摩(mo)黑(hei)畢(bi)(bi)始祖時代,改用(yong)鐵杉樹(shu)和山(shan)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)樹(shu)做(zuo)神(shen)枝(zhi)(zhi)、家畜家獸(shou)做(zuo)祭牲;時至今日,眾(zhong)多(duo)彝(yi)族(zu)在請(qing)畢(bi)(bi)摩(mo)進行祈福、小(xiao)孩出生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)等多(duo)種隆(long)重法(fa)式時,都用(yong)甜(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)樹(shu)和鐵杉樹(shu)做(zuo)成神(shen)枝(zhi)(zhi)、神(shen)柱、神(shen)枷、神(shen)叉、神(shen)財,同(tong)雞、豬(zhu)、羊(yang)、牛祭牲一(yi)起進行祭祀,祈求幸(xing)福安康,萬事如意(yi)。甜(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)樹(shu)因(yin)此(ci)(ci)被(bei)(bei)人(ren)們(men)稱(cheng)之(zhi)為(wei)“吉祥之(zhi)樹(shu)、甜(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)果實被(bei)(bei)人(ren)們(men)稱(cheng)為(wei)“吉祥之(zhi)果”。 甜(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)原產歐(ou)洲,性(xing)(xing)喜冷涼干燥(zao),日照充足,對(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態條件(jian)要求嚴格(ge),適應區(qu)域(yu)狹小(xiao),全(quan)國(guo)(guo)種植(zhi)面積不(bu)大。越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)縣(xian)獨特(te)(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境被(bei)(bei)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)甜(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)專家確定為(wei)中國(guo)(guo)甜(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)最(zui)適栽(zai)培區(qu),且為(wei)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)露地(di)栽(zai)培甜(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)最(zui)早(zao)熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)區(qu),果實的(de)(de)(de)(de)成熟期(qi)在4月下旬-5月下旬,同(tong)一(yi)甜(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)品種果實的(de)(de)(de)(de)成熟期(qi)比(bi)省內(nei)甜(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)主產區(qu)提(ti)早(zao)成熟10 -15天,比(bi)北方甜(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)主產區(qu)提(ti)早(zao)成熟25-30天。因(yin)此(ci)(ci)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)縣(xian)被(bei)(bei)稱(cheng)為(wei)“西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南高海拔特(te)(te)早(zao)熟甜(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)栽(zai)培區(qu)”。 越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)縣(xian)已(yi)陸續建(jian)立(li)了(le)一(yi)批甜(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)科技示(shi)范園,同(tong)時建(jian)立(li)了(le)品種資源圃、 母本(ben)采穗(sui)圃、苗(miao)木繁殖圃,為(wei)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)縣(xian)甜(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)可(ke)持續發(fa)展(zhan)奠定了(le)良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎。目(mu)前全(quan)縣(xian)種植(zhi)甜(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)面積333公頃,引(yin)入(ru)了(le)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)外優良(liang)品種40多(duo)個,已(yi)成為(wei)特(te)(te)早(zao)熟甜(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產基(ji)地(di)。縣(xian)政府已(yi)將(jiang)甜(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)種植(zhi)業(ye)列入(ru)“十(shi)一(yi)五”經(jing)(jing)濟發(fa)展(zhan)計劃(hua),制定了(le)特(te)(te)早(zao)熟甜(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產基(ji)地(di)建(jian)設長(chang)遠發(fa)展(zhan)規劃(hua),將(jiang)甜(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)產業(ye)作為(wei)促(cu)農(nong)增收(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)濟增長(chang)點來(lai)培育。計劃(hua)到(dao)2015年(nian)(nian)發(fa)展(zhan)種植(zhi)甜(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)2000公頃,出臺多(duo)種優惠政策(ce),鼓勵(li)農(nong)民(min)(min)種植(zhi)甜(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao),甜(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)種植(zhi)給果農(nong)帶來(lai)了(le)可(ke)觀(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)濟效益,大大提(ti)高了(le)農(nong)民(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產積極性(xing)(xing),特(te)(te)早(zao)熟甜(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產基(ji)地(di)已(yi)初具規模。
地域范圍
越(yue)西(xi)(xi)甜(tian)櫻(ying)桃農產品地(di)理標志地(di)域保(bao)護范圍為(wei)越(yue)西(xi)(xi)境內25個山區(qu)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮所(suo)屬的(de)自然村,具體是大花鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、丁山鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、中所(suo)鎮、大瑞鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、南(nan)箐(qing)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、馬拖鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、新鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、五里箐(qing)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、越(yue)城鎮、河東鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、西(xi)(xi)山鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、大屯鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、新民鎮、板橋鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、瓦巖鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、普雄(xiong)鎮、樂青地(di)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、貢目鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、依洛(luo)地(di)壩(ba)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、拉白鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、鐵西(xi)(xi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、拉普鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、爾覺鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、四(si)甘普鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、保(bao)安鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)山地(di)和山間盆地(di),保(bao)護面積13067公頃(qing),產量10000噸。越(yue)西(xi)(xi)縣位于(yu)四(si)川省南(nan)部,涼山州(zhou)北(bei)部,介于(yu)東經102°20′-102°54′,北(bei)緯28°18′-28°53′,產區(qu)海拔(ba)1600-2100m。
品質特性特征
外在(zai)感(gan)官特征:越(yue)西甜櫻桃(tao)果形(xing)腎形(xing)或(huo)心臟(zang)形(xing),縫合線明顯。果柄中(zhong)短,果大,果皮紅(hong)至(zhi)紫紅(hong)色,皮色艷(yan)麗有光澤(ze)。果肉(rou)粉紅(hong)至(zhi)玫瑰紅(hong),肥(fei)厚多汁,質脆離核。風(feng)味酸甜適度(du),品質佳(jia)。
(2)內在(zai)品質指標:越(yue)西甜(tian)櫻桃單(dan)果較(jiao)重、可(ke)溶性固(gu)形物含(han)量高(gao)、營養(yang)(yang) 豐富,含(han)有大量維生(sheng)素(su)(su)C及鈣、鐵(tie)等營養(yang)(yang)元素(su)(su)。其(qi)單(dan)果重≥4g,可(ke)溶性固(gu)形物含(han)量≥14%、維生(sheng)素(su)(su)C ≥6mg/100g。