產品介紹
越西(xi)(xi)縣位于(yu)四川(chuan)省南部,涼山州北部,介于(yu)東(dong)經102°20′-102°54′,北緯28°18′-28°53′,海(hai)拔1600-2100m。越西(xi)(xi)甜(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)農產(chan)品(pin)地(di)理標(biao)志地(di)域保(bao)護(hu)范圍(wei)為(wei)越西(xi)(xi)境內(nei)25個山區(qu)鄉鎮所屬的(de)自然村,保(bao)護(hu)面積(ji)13067公頃(qing)(qing)。越西(xi)(xi)甜(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)形(xing)腎形(xing)或心臟形(xing),縫合(he)線明顯。果(guo)(guo)(guo)柄中短,果(guo)(guo)(guo)大(da),果(guo)(guo)(guo)皮紅至紫紅色,皮色艷麗有(you)光澤。果(guo)(guo)(guo)肉(rou)粉紅至玫瑰紅,肥厚多汁(zhi),質脆離核。風(feng)味酸甜(tian)(tian)適(shi)度(du),品(pin)質佳。 越西(xi)(xi)甜(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)單果(guo)(guo)(guo)較重、可溶(rong)性固形(xing)物含量(liang)(liang)高(gao)(gao)、營養豐富,含有(you)大(da)量(liang)(liang)維生素C及鈣、鐵等營養元素。其單果(guo)(guo)(guo)重≥4g,可溶(rong)性固形(xing)物含量(liang)(liang)≥14%、維生素C ≥6mg/100g。 越西(xi)(xi)縣獨特的(de)環境被國內(nei)甜(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)專家確定(ding)為(wei)中國甜(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)最適(shi)栽培區(qu),且(qie)為(wei)全國露地(di)栽培甜(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)最早(zao)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)地(di)區(qu),果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)的(de)成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)期在(zai)4月(yue)下(xia)旬-5月(yue)下(xia)旬,同一甜(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)的(de)成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)期比省內(nei)甜(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)主產(chan)區(qu)提早(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)10 -15天,比北方甜(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)主產(chan)區(qu)提早(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)25-30天。因此越西(xi)(xi)縣被稱為(wei)“西(xi)(xi)南高(gao)(gao)海(hai)拔特早(zao)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)甜(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)栽培區(qu)”。 2004年(nian)取(qu)得農業部頒(ban)發(fa)的(de)“綠色食品(pin)認(ren)證(zheng)證(zheng)書(shu)”。 甜(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)植業列入(ru)“十二五(wu)”經濟發(fa)展(zhan)計(ji)劃, 計(ji)劃到2015年(nian)發(fa)展(zhan)種(zhong)(zhong)植甜(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)2000公頃(qing)(qing),出臺多種(zhong)(zhong)優惠政策,鼓勵農民種(zhong)(zhong)植甜(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)。
自(zi)然生(sheng)態環境和(he)人(ren)文歷史因素
(1)土(tu)壤(rang)地(di)(di)貌情況(kuang):越西縣主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要地(di)(di)貌為平壩、中高(gao)低(di)山(shan)(shan),山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)面(mian)積占90%以上,地(di)(di)勢南高(gao)北低(di),由南向北傾斜,境內海(hai)拔(ba)差較(jiao)大,大約為1000-2000米。最低(di)海(hai)拔(ba)(梅花(hua)鄉巴姑河邊(bian))1170米,最高(gao)海(hai)拔(ba)(陽(yang)糯(nuo)雪山(shan)(shan)的主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)峰鏵頭尖)4791米,形成獨特(te)的立體氣候特(te)征。縣境內主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要為水稻土(tu)、紫色土(tu)、黃壤(rang)土(tu)、黃棕壤(rang)土(tu)、潮土(tu)、紅壤(rang)土(tu)和(he)沼澤(ze)土(tu)7個土(tu)類,土(tu)壤(rang)質地(di)(di)輕壤(rang)至重壤(rang)。土(tu)壤(rang)有(you)機質含量平均(jun)為 1.8 %, pH值6-7.5,酸(suan)堿(jian)適中。
(2)水(shui)文情況:境內(nei)大(da)小河(he)(he)流(liu)密布,屬大(da)渡河(he)(he)水(shui)系的(de)河(he)(he)流(liu)主要有越(yue)西(xi)河(he)(he)、普雄(xiong)河(he)(he)、漫(man)灘河(he)(he)、寶(bao)珠(zhu)拉達(da)河(he)(he)等(deng);屬金沙(sha)江水(shui)系的(de)有則普拉達(da)河(he)(he)、保(bao)石(shi)河(he)(he)等(deng),河(he)(he)流(liu)總長(chang)度212.6公里,其(qi)中以普雄(xiong)河(he)(he)和越(yue)西(xi)河(he)(he)較長(chang)。
(3)氣(qi)候情況(kuang):越(yue)西縣(xian)屬北亞(ya)熱(re)帶氣(qi)候,具有(you)年(nian)(nian)較差小、日(ri)較差大,立(li)體垂直氣(qi)候特(te)征明顯等(deng)特(te)點。海拔1600-2100米地區,年(nian)(nian)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)為11.3-13.3℃,≥10℃的年(nian)(nian)有(you)效積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)3915.7-3200℃,平均(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)1017-1113mm(主要集中在6-10月,年(nian)(nian)日(ri)照時(shi)數1612.9-1860小時(shi),無霜期248-225天,特(te)別(bie)是氣(qi)候溫(wen)(wen)(wen)穩定通過5℃的初日(ri)在于2月下旬,春(chun)季氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)回升快(kuai),使得果實成(cheng)熟特(te)早。
(4)人(ren)(ren)文歷史情況(kuang):越(yue)(yue)西(xi)縣(xian)(xian)歷史悠久(jiu),因(yin)越(yue)(yue)過(guo)嶲(sui)(sui)水設(she)郡縣(xian)(xian)而得名(ming)(ming)。漢帝元鼎6年設(she)置越(yue)(yue)嶲(sui)(sui)郡,今(jin)(jin)越(yue)(yue)西(xi)縣(xian)(xian)時為(wei)(wei)越(yue)(yue)嶲(sui)(sui)郡領之“闌(lan)縣(xian)(xian)”。晉太康(kang)(kang)8年文昌帝君張亞子誕生(sheng)于境內中(zhong)所水鎮。北(bei)周天(tian)和3年設(she)置邛(qiong)都縣(xian)(xian)至隋唐,明洪武25年設(she)置越(yue)(yue)嶲(sui)(sui)衛,民(min)(min)國(guo)(guo)2年改越(yue)(yue)嶲(sui)(sui)縣(xian)(xian),是(shi)(shi)(shi)南方(fang)(fang)絲綢之路的(de)(de)(de)要塞,為(wei)(wei)彝族(zu)世(shi)居地(di)。 從二十(shi)世(shi)紀七(qi)十(shi)年代(dai)開始(shi),越(yue)(yue)西(xi)縣(xian)(xian)大(da)(da)(da)(da)量種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao),自此(ci)便與(yu)人(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)活密不可分(fen),特(te)(te)(te)(te)別是(shi)(shi)(shi)與(yu)彝族(zu)畢(bi)摩(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)文化緊密聯系:甜(tian)(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)因(yin)其果(guo)實艷麗、枝葉純潔、生(sheng)命力(li)強被(bei)彝人(ren)(ren)同(tong)(tong)鐵(tie)杉樹(shu)(shu)(shu)一(yi)道敬為(wei)(wei)“神(shen)枝”,鐵(tie)杉生(sheng)長于高寒之山(shan),寓(yu)意陽剛,象征男(nan)性(xing)(xing),甜(tian)(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)生(sheng)長于低(di)山(shan)、寓(yu)意陰柔,象征母性(xing)(xing),以男(nan)、女性(xing)(xing)相對(dui)應,象征彝人(ren)(ren)男(nan)、女相互依從繁衍生(sheng)息,人(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)(men)從此(ci)過(guo)上幸福(fu)生(sheng)活。據彝族(zu)畢(bi)摩(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)經(jing)書記載:遠(yuan)古時代(dai),為(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)彝人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)興(xing)旺發(fa)達(da)、幸福(fu)安康(kang)(kang),上天(tian)授意人(ren)(ren)間請畢(bi)摩(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)做(zuo)(zuo)法事(shi),于是(shi)(shi)(shi)彝人(ren)(ren)先民(min)(min)用金銀財(cai)寶(bao)做(zuo)(zuo)神(shen)枝、野獸(shou)野禽做(zuo)(zuo)祭(ji)(ji)牲(sheng);到(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)著(zhu)名(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)彝族(zu)畢(bi)摩(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)黑(hei)畢(bi)始(shi)祖時代(dai),改用鐵(tie)杉樹(shu)(shu)(shu)和山(shan)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)做(zuo)(zuo)神(shen)枝、家畜家獸(shou)做(zuo)(zuo)祭(ji)(ji)牲(sheng);時至今(jin)(jin)日,眾多彝族(zu)在請畢(bi)摩(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)進行祈福(fu)、小孩出生(sheng)等多種(zhong)(zhong)隆(long)重法式時,都用甜(tian)(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)和鐵(tie)杉樹(shu)(shu)(shu)做(zuo)(zuo)成(cheng)(cheng)神(shen)枝、神(shen)柱、神(shen)枷(jia)、神(shen)叉(cha)、神(shen)財(cai),同(tong)(tong)雞、豬、羊(yang)、牛祭(ji)(ji)牲(sheng)一(yi)起進行祭(ji)(ji)祀,祈求(qiu)幸福(fu)安康(kang)(kang),萬事(shi)如意。甜(tian)(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)因(yin)此(ci)被(bei)人(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)(men)稱(cheng)之為(wei)(wei)“吉祥之樹(shu)(shu)(shu)、甜(tian)(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)果(guo)實被(bei)人(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)(men)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“吉祥之果(guo)”。 甜(tian)(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)原產(chan)(chan)歐洲(zhou),性(xing)(xing)喜冷涼(liang)干燥,日照充(chong)足,對(dui)生(sheng)態條件(jian)要求(qiu)嚴格(ge),適應區(qu)(qu)域狹小,全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)不大(da)(da)(da)(da)。越(yue)(yue)西(xi)縣(xian)(xian)獨特(te)(te)(te)(te)的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境被(bei)國(guo)(guo)內甜(tian)(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)專(zhuan)家確定(ding)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)最適栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)區(qu)(qu),且(qie)為(wei)(wei)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)露地(di)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)最早(zao)熟的(de)(de)(de)地(di)區(qu)(qu),果(guo)實的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)熟期在4月下(xia)旬-5月下(xia)旬,同(tong)(tong)一(yi)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)果(guo)實的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)熟期比省(sheng)內甜(tian)(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)主產(chan)(chan)區(qu)(qu)提(ti)早(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)熟10 -15天(tian),比北(bei)方(fang)(fang)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)主產(chan)(chan)區(qu)(qu)提(ti)早(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)熟25-30天(tian)。因(yin)此(ci)越(yue)(yue)西(xi)縣(xian)(xian)被(bei)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“西(xi)南高海(hai)拔特(te)(te)(te)(te)早(zao)熟甜(tian)(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)區(qu)(qu)”。 越(yue)(yue)西(xi)縣(xian)(xian)已(yi)陸續建(jian)立(li)了(le)(le)一(yi)批甜(tian)(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)科技示范園,同(tong)(tong)時建(jian)立(li)了(le)(le)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)資源(yuan)圃(pu)、 母本(ben)采(cai)穗圃(pu)、苗木繁殖圃(pu),為(wei)(wei)越(yue)(yue)西(xi)縣(xian)(xian)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)可持續發(fa)展奠定(ding)了(le)(le)良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)礎。目前全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)面積(ji)333公(gong)頃,引入(ru)了(le)(le)國(guo)(guo)內外優(you)良品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)40多個(ge),已(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)特(te)(te)(te)(te)早(zao)熟甜(tian)(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基(ji)(ji)地(di)。縣(xian)(xian)政府已(yi)將(jiang)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)列入(ru)“十(shi)一(yi)五”經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展計(ji)劃(hua),制定(ding)了(le)(le)特(te)(te)(te)(te)早(zao)熟甜(tian)(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基(ji)(ji)地(di)建(jian)設(she)長遠(yuan)發(fa)展規劃(hua),將(jiang)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)作為(wei)(wei)促農(nong)(nong)增收的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)增長點來培(pei)(pei)育。計(ji)劃(hua)到(dao)(dao)2015年發(fa)展種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)2000公(gong)頃,出臺多種(zhong)(zhong)優(you)惠政策,鼓勵農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao),甜(tian)(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)給果(guo)農(nong)(nong)帶(dai)來了(le)(le)可觀的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)效益(yi),大(da)(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)(da)提(ti)高了(le)(le)農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)積(ji)極性(xing)(xing),特(te)(te)(te)(te)早(zao)熟甜(tian)(tian)(tian)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基(ji)(ji)地(di)已(yi)初具規模。
地域范圍
越西甜櫻桃(tao)農產(chan)品地(di)(di)(di)理標志地(di)(di)(di)域保護范圍為越西境內25個山(shan)區鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)所屬的自然村,具體是大花鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、丁(ding)山(shan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、中所鎮(zhen)、大瑞鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、南箐鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、馬拖鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、新鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、五里箐鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、越城鎮(zhen)、河東鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、西山(shan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、大屯鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、新民鎮(zhen)、板橋(qiao)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、瓦巖鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、普雄鎮(zhen)、樂青(qing)地(di)(di)(di)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、貢目(mu)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、依(yi)洛地(di)(di)(di)壩鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、拉(la)白鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、鐵西鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、拉(la)普鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、爾覺鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、四甘普鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、保安鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)和山(shan)間盆地(di)(di)(di),保護面積(ji)13067公頃,產(chan)量10000噸。越西縣(xian)位(wei)于(yu)四川省(sheng)南部,涼山(shan)州北(bei)(bei)部,介(jie)于(yu)東經102°20′-102°54′,北(bei)(bei)緯(wei)28°18′-28°53′,產(chan)區海拔(ba)1600-2100m。
品質特性特征
外(wai)在感(gan)官特征:越西(xi)甜櫻桃果(guo)形(xing)腎形(xing)或(huo)心臟形(xing),縫合線明顯(xian)。果(guo)柄中(zhong)短,果(guo)大,果(guo)皮紅(hong)至紫紅(hong)色,皮色艷麗(li)有光澤。果(guo)肉粉紅(hong)至玫瑰紅(hong),肥(fei)厚多汁,質脆(cui)離核。風味(wei)酸甜適(shi)度,品(pin)質佳。
(2)內(nei)在品質指(zhi)標:越西甜櫻桃單(dan)果(guo)較重、可溶性固形(xing)物含量(liang)高、營(ying)養 豐富,含有大量(liang)維生(sheng)素(su)C及鈣(gai)、鐵等營(ying)養元素(su)。其單(dan)果(guo)重≥4g,可溶性固形(xing)物含量(liang)≥14%、維生(sheng)素(su)C ≥6mg/100g。