產品介紹
據考(kao)證:西晉末期,隨(sui)著人(ren)(ren)們(men)對花(hua)(hua)椒功用(yong)的(de)逐步認識,在(zai)蜀(shu)之(zhi)東(dong)北(bei)部出現(xian)了最(zui)早的(de)花(hua)(hua)椒栽培,巴(ba)國之(zhi)西(今重慶(qing)江(jiang)津、壁山、綦江(jiang)一帶)的(de)先(xian)人(ren)(ren),把野生“椒籽”移栽房前(qian)屋(wu)后(hou),驅(qu)蚊蠅(ying),避瘟邪。法國潛水(shui)員雅克(ke).丘馬,在(zai)毛(mao)里求斯海岸潛水(shui)中,發(fa)(fa)現(xian)一艘300多(duo)年前(qian)沉(chen)沒的(de)荷(he)蘭商船,打撈后(hou)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)倉內有桶裝花(hua)(hua)椒等(deng)香料,至今仍散發(fa)(fa)出花(hua)(hua)椒的(de)香氣(qi),而桶上依稀可見“巴(ba)蜀(shu)江(jiang)洲(zhou)府(fu)”字樣(江(jiang)津古稱江(jiang)洲(zhou))。可見,江(jiang)津花(hua)(hua)椒在(zai)幾百年前(qian)就已經享譽(yu)四方。尋根溯源,江(jiang)津乃名符其實的(de)中國花(hua)(hua)椒原(yuan)產地。
產品品質特性特征
1、外在感官特征(zheng):要求花(hua)椒(jiao)成熟(shu)度達到(dao)八成熟(shu)左右(you);鮮綠色或黃綠色;具有鮮花(hua)椒(jiao)固(gu)有的(de)滋味(wei)和氣(qi)味(wei),無(wu)異(yi)味(wei);保(bao)持鮮花(hua)椒(jiao)原型,無(wu)破碎粒(li)、霉粒(li)、腐(fu)爛粒(li);無(wu)粗(cu)枝大葉,無(wu)花(hua)椒(jiao)刺,允許有少量細枝葉和細蒂柄,無(wu)其(qi)它外來雜質(zhi)。
2、內在品質指標:江津(jin)花椒的揮(hui)發油大于(yu)等(deng)于(yu)2.5%,總灰(hui)分小于(yu)等(deng)于(yu)10%,酸不溶(rong)性(xing)灰(hui)分小于(yu)等(deng)于(yu)5%,麻味(wei)素大于(yu)等(deng)于(yu)8mg/g。
3、安全要求:江津花椒嚴格(ge)執(zhi)行《無公害食品香辛料》(NY5323-2006)標(biao)準。
地域范圍
江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)津(jin)(jin)花(hua)(hua)椒產(chan)于重(zhong)慶(qing)市(shi)(shi)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)津(jin)(jin)區(qu)境(jing)內的(de)白(bai)沙鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、珞璜鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、石(shi)蟆鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、李市(shi)(shi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、油溪(xi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、先鋒鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、蔡家鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、柏林(lin)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、西(xi)(xi)湖鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、石(shi)門鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、雙(shuang)福鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、永(yong)(yong)興鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、龍華鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、吳(wu)灘鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、賈(jia)嗣鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、杜市(shi)(shi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、朱(zhu)楊鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、慈(ci)云(yun)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、中山(shan)(shan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、嘉(jia)平(ping)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、夏壩鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、廣興鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、塘河鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、幾江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)街(jie)道辦(ban)事(shi)處、德感街(jie)道辦(ban)事(shi)處、支坪(ping)街(jie)道辦(ban)事(shi)處、四面山(shan)(shan)管(guan)委會(hui)(hui)共27個鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、街(jie)道居委會(hui)(hui),總生(sheng)產(chan)面積33000公頃,年(nian)產(chan)量100002噸。重(zhong)慶(qing)市(shi)(shi)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)津(jin)(jin)區(qu)東(dong)鄰綦(qi)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)、巴南區(qu);西(xi)(xi)接(jie)永(yong)(yong)川(chuan)區(qu)、貴(gui)州省合江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian);南靠貴(gui)州省習水縣(xian);北(bei)連壁山(shan)(shan)縣(xian)。東(dong)西(xi)(xi)相距83公里,南北(bei)相距100公里,幅員面積3202平(ping)方公里,地(di)理坐(zuo)標為(wei)(wei)東(dong)經105°49-106°38ˊ,北(bei)緯(wei)28°28ˊ-29°28ˊ。全區(qu)最(zui)低點海(hai)拔為(wei)(wei)178.5m,最(zui)高(gao)山(shan)(shan)峰海(hai)拔為(wei)(wei)1709.4m。江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)津(jin)(jin)花(hua)(hua)椒最(zui)佳生(sheng)長地(di)域為(wei)(wei)蔡家、嘉(jia)平(ping)、先鋒、李市(shi)(shi)、慈(ci)云(yun)、白(bai)沙、石(shi)門、吳(wu)灘、朱(zhu)羊、賈(jia)嗣、杜市(shi)(shi)等鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(街(jie))。
自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)地(di)貌情(qing)況:江津(jin)區土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)分為(wei)四(si)類(水(shui)稻土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、沖(chong)(chong)積(ji)(ji)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、紫色(se)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、黃(huang)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)),7個亞類(沖(chong)(chong)積(ji)(ji)性(xing)水(shui)稻土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、紫色(se)水(shui)稻土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、黃(huang)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)性(xing)水(shui)稻土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、河流沖(chong)(chong)積(ji)(ji)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、棕紫泥土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、黃(huang)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、紅紫泥土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)),22個土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)屬,72個土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)種,110個變(bian)種。森林土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)有1個亞類,7個土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)屬。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)pH值在(zai)6.5-8。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)肥(fei)力狀況中等,土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)發育(yu)較(jiao)淺,中性(xing)和微酸(suan)性(xing)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)占主要,有機質含量為(wei)1.48%,變(bian)幅0.915-5.369%。境內四(si)面高(gao)山(shan)環(huan)抱,境內丘(qiu)陵起伏,地(di)貌以丘(qiu)陵兼(jian)具低(di)山(shan)為(wei)主,地(di)質結構為(wei)“川東褶皺”和“川黔南(nan)北構造(zao)帶(dai)”的過渡地(di)帶(dai),構造(zao)形(xing)跡(ji)受其影響,軸線多扭曲呈“S”形(xing)。
2、水(shui)文情(qing)況:江津(jin)區共有(you)大小溪(xi)河(he)三十(shi)八條,流(liu)域面積(ji)(ji)約2000平(ping)方公(gong)(gong)里(li),其中:長江、綦河(he)、塘(tang)河(he)、筍溪(xi)河(he)、壁南河(he)、等五條集雨(yu)面積(ji)(ji)大于1000平(ping)方公(gong)(gong)里(li),朱羊溪(xi)及驢子溪(xi)集雨(yu)面積(ji)(ji)大于200平(ping)方公(gong)(gong)里(li),屬(shu)(shu)長年(nian)性河(he)流(liu),其余源少流(liu)短(duan),屬(shu)(shu)季節性的短(duan)小溪(xi)流(liu)。水(shui)質(zhi)清澈、純凈,是理想的工農業(ye)生產和生活用水(shui)。
3、氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)情況:江津區(qu)季(ji)風明顯,四季(ji)分(fen)明,氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)溫和,雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)充沛(pei),春早回暖(nuan)不(bu)穩定,秋(qiu)多陰雨(yu)(yu)降溫快,冬春少(shao)(shao)雨(yu)(yu)冬干春旱,易旱易澇(lao)。且南北垂直(zhi)差(cha)異大。常(chang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫18.2℃,月(yue)(yue)(yue)季(ji)間4-10月(yue)(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫高(gao)于常(chang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)的平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)值(zhi),夏(xia)季(ji)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫高(gao)而(er)變化不(bu)大,都保持在25℃以上,部分(fen)地區(qu)盛夏(xia)8月(yue)(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)溫達33.9℃。冬季(ji)1月(yue)(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)最(zui)(zui)(zui)低氣(qi)(qi)溫5.4℃,春秋(qiu)兩季(ji)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫幾乎相等,略高(gao)于常(chang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)值(zhi)。年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)太陽輻射量(liang)為(wei)(wei)361.9千焦/平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),以8月(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)最(zui)(zui)(zui)多,12月(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)最(zui)(zui)(zui)少(shao)(shao)。日照時(shi)數:年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)1207.9小(xiao)時(shi),最(zui)(zui)(zui)多年(nian)(nian)(nian)1628.8小(xiao)時(shi),最(zui)(zui)(zui)少(shao)(shao)年(nian)(nian)(nian)951.7小(xiao)時(shi),一年(nian)(nian)(nian)之中8月(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)最(zui)(zui)(zui)多,達217.8小(xiao)時(shi),12月(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)最(zui)(zui)(zui)少(shao)(shao),為(wei)(wei)30.8小(xiao)時(shi)。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)降雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)1034.7毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),夏(xia)秋(qiu)的5-10月(yue)(yue)(yue)降雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)802.8毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),占全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)的78%,冬春的12-2月(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)62.2毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),占全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)的6%,從四季(ji)變化看,夏(xia)季(ji)占全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)的43%,冬季(ji)占6%,7月(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)最(zui)(zui)(zui)多,為(wei)(wei)171.3毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),6月(yue)(yue)(yue)次之,元月(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)最(zui)(zui)(zui)少(shao)(shao),僅(jin)17.8毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)降雨(yu)(yu)日數156天,最(zui)(zui)(zui)多180天,最(zui)(zui)(zui)少(shao)(shao)130天。
4、人文(wen)歷史情況:江(jiang)(jiang)津(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)文(wen)明歷史悠久,古屬(shu)于(yu)《禹貢(gong)》梁州,周屬(shu)巴子國,秦屆巴郡,早(zao)在5000年(nian)前(qian)的(de)新(xin)石(shi)器時代就有(you)(you)人類早(zao)期文(wen)明在這里繁(fan)衍,目前(qian)已(yi)發現固定文(wen)物603處,文(wen)化遺產豐富。江(jiang)(jiang)津(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)素來有(you)(you)“花椒之鄉”的(de)稱號,自(zi)元朝開(kai)始種(zhong)植江(jiang)(jiang)津(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)花椒,距今已(yi)有(you)(you)600余年(nian)歷史。為(wei)把(ba)江(jiang)(jiang)津(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)花椒產業做大做強,區委、區政府(fu)制定了明確的(de)發展目標,突破“分戶(hu)(hu)經營(ying)”模式,以“抓(zhua)大戶(hu)(hu)、建(jian)(jian)協(xie)會、帶散戶(hu)(hu)”為(wei)重點,積極推行“公司(si)+科研+協(xie)會+專(zhuan)業合作社+業主農(nong)戶(hu)(hu)”的(de)運作模式,組建(jian)(jian)花椒協(xie)會服務產業,嚴(yan)格執行?江(jiang)(jiang)津(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)花椒生產基地管理制度?,使江(jiang)(jiang)津(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)花椒的(de)生產與管理水平(ping)不(bu)斷(duan)提升,農(nong)民增收(shou)、出口創匯效果顯著。