鹿(lu)(lu)茸片和鹿(lu)(lu)茸粉的制作流程與加工工藝
鹿茸片是(shi)把(ba)整個(ge)鹿茸切(qie)成片,鹿茸粉(fen)是(shi)將鹿茸弄(nong)干(gan)后磨成粉(fen),今天就給(gei)大家介紹一下它們的制作流程。
茸片(厚片)加工
原茸片即是鹿(lu)茸經(jing)過軟化(hua)后,用特制(zhi)的(de)(de)切具(ju)切成的(de)(de)薄片。這是鹿(lu)茸利用的(de)(de)古(gu)老(lao)形式,因此加工方(fang)法很多(duo)。
大體分為(wei)軟(ruan)化和(he)切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)片(pian)(pian)兩道工(gong)(gong)序(xu)。切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)片(pian)(pian)前準備:首先用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)無(wu)煙火(huo)(酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)精(jing)燈、電爐等(deng))燎去(qu)鹿(lu)茸(rong)(rong)茸(rong)(rong)毛,用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)竹刀(dao)刮(gua)凈。也(ye)有不去(qu)毛的(de),然后(hou)(hou)將枝杈分解。軟(ruan)化:基本方法(fa)是50--55度酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)浸(jin)(jin)(jin)法(fa),可(ke)往鹿(lu)茸(rong)(rong)髓質部(bu)灌酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),亦(yi)可(ke)將茸(rong)(rong)放在(zai)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)內(nei)浸(jin)(jin)(jin)泡(pao),較多用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)是將茸(rong)(rong)的(de)斷端(duan)浸(jin)(jin)(jin)在(zai)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)內(nei)0.5~l小(xiao)時(shi),通過毛細作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),使鹿(lu)茸(rong)(rong)被酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)浸(jin)(jin)(jin)潤。可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)50℃熱(re)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)浸(jin)(jin)(jin)潤,也(ye)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)20℃溫度下的(de)涼酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)浸(jin)(jin)(jin)潤。被酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)浸(jin)(jin)(jin)潤的(de) 鹿(lu)茸(rong)(rong)加熱(re)更易軟(ruan)化,加熱(re)方法(fa)有三:一是在(zai)50--60℃烘烤2~3小(xiao)時(shi);二是用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鍋蒸,水沸騰后(hou)(hou),悶(men)1—1.5小(xiao)時(shi);三是放在(zai)罐中悶(men)2~3天,翻動(dong)3~4 次,低溫涼酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)浸(jin)(jin)(jin)潤可(ke)自然軟(ruan)化;用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)浸(jin)(jin)(jin)潤后(hou)(hou)的(de)茸(rong)(rong)段還可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)炭火(huo)烤,使茸(rong)(rong)軟(ruan)化后(hou)(hou)再切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)片(pian)(pian),邊切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)邊烤,直至切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)完為(wei)止。切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)片(pian)(pian):切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)鹿(lu)茸(rong)(rong)原片(pian)(pian)的(de)工(gong)(gong)具有手刀(dao),即如切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)菜方法(fa),有的(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中藥(yao)的(de)切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)刀(dao)或特制(zhi)的(de)半自動(dong)切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)片(pian)(pian)機。切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)片(pian)(pian)厚度為(wei)0.5~1.0毫米,邊切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)邊逐片(pian)(pian)擺在(zai)事先用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)吸(xi)潮紙釘成本子(zi)的(de)各頁(ye)上,然后(hou)(hou)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)特制(zhi)的(de)壓(ya)(ya)力器壓(ya)(ya)平干燥(zao)。之后(hou)(hou)按不同等(deng)級分開包裝。
肖(xiao)氓(1981)介(jie)紹泰國原(yuan)茸(rong)片加(jia)工(gong)與(yu)我國稍有不同:先將鹿茸(rong)鋸口(kou)、釘(ding)眼用石蠟(la)封嚴(yan),刮(gua)毛,用藥液(特制)反復洗(xi)(xi)刷,再(zai)用清(qing)水洗(xi)(xi)凈,白布包,硫磺熏蒸,60℃烘箱加(jia)溫2小時,軟化(hua)后縱軸切開~分為二,刮(gua)平鋸面和刮(gua)掉(diao)茸(rong)皮,向切面噴白酒,再(zai)裝入布袋中軟化(hua),分段切成0.35~0.45毫米厚的片,按枝段拼在一起呈(cheng)茸(rong)形,包裝出售。
薄茸片加工
鹿茸薄片在20世紀60年代后期出現于香港市場上。因其只有幾微米厚,放在口中可以自然溶化,用起來更加方便,曾一度受到用戶的歡迎。
但因其在加(jia)工(gong)過程中(zhong)使茸內有機成分流失和(he)以蛋清、鹿(lu)皮等作整型輔料(liao),從而降低了鹿(lu)茸的(de)有效(xiao)成分含量,此(ci)加(jia)工(gong)方(fang)法不可取。
其加工工藝簡介如下:
分(fen)(fen)(fen)段(duan)、開(kai)條:將鹿茸(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)燎去茸(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)毛(mao)、洗(xi)凈,從(cong)主(zhu)干(gan)頂(ding)部開(kai)始,鋸(ju)成(cheng)15~20厘米的(de)(de)茸(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)段(duan)。在(zai)清水(shui)中浸泡30分(fen)(fen)(fen)鐘,或在(zai)濕稻殼(ke)中埋(mai)6~12小(xiao)時(shi),使干(gan)燥的(de)(de)鹿茸(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)充分(fen)(fen)(fen)吸收(shou)水(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen),然后在(zai)籠屜上(shang)蒸1--1.5小(xiao)時(shi),蒸軟的(de)(de)鹿茸(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)去掉茸(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)表皮后再剝下(xia)真皮備用(yong)。依茸(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)粗細不(bu)同(tong)縱向切成(cheng)4~6條(茸(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)頂(ding)端(duan)可切蠟(la)片部分(fen)(fen)(fen)切勿開(kai)條)。每段(duan)茸(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)切條后要(yao)用(yong)線按原茸(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)樣(yang)纏住,在(zai)80~90℃條件下(xia)干(gan)燥l~2小(xiao)時(shi),再使鹿茸(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)脫掉水(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)。
蒸纏(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan):將干燥(zao)的茸(rong)(rong)條(tiao)放在(zai)雞(ji)蛋(dan)清(qing)中(目(mu)的在(zai)于增加(jia)茸(rong)(rong)的韌性)浸泡12~24小時(shi),使(shi)茸(rong)(rong)條(tiao)充分吸收雞(ji)蛋(dan)清(qing)后再將茸(rong)(rong)條(tiao)拼在(zai)一起,包(bao)裹白布(bu),用(yong)(yong)細(xi)繩纏(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)緊(jin)(jin),在(zai)籠(long)屜上(shang)蒸1小時(shi)左右(you),取(qu)出重新用(yong)(yong)白布(bu)纏(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)裹,用(yong)(yong)細(xi)繩纏(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)緊(jin)(jin),使(shi)茸(rong)(rong)粗度變(bian)細(xi),再上(shang)籠(long)屜蒸,再纏(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、再蒸,反(fan)復(fu)(fu)3次(ci),這時(shi)茸(rong)(rong)的粗度減少1/3~2/3。去掉(diao)白布(bu),包(bao)裹鹿(lu)(lu)茸(rong)(rong)真(zhen)皮(pi)(pi),真(zhen)茸(rong)(rong)皮(pi)(pi)外再包(bao)裹脫(tuo)毛刮凈的鹿(lu)(lu)皮(pi)(pi),鹿(lu)(lu)皮(pi)(pi)外再包(bao)裹白布(bu),細(xi)綿纏(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)緊(jin)(jin)再蒸,反(fan)復(fu)(fu)兩次(ci),這就是所謂的“六蒸五纏(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)”,使(shi)鹿(lu)(lu)茸(rong)(rong)與茸(rong)(rong)皮(pi)(pi)、鹿(lu)(lu)皮(pi)(pi)融(rong)為一。這時(shi)茸(rong)(rong)的直徑為2厘米左右(you)。
干燥:
將經過蒸纏(chan)的茸條去掉白布(bu)進行(xing)干(gan)燥處理。方法是(shi):先將高(gao)粱(liang)米、大(da)米煮開花,烘干(gan),盛在木箱或鐵箱等容(rong)器內,將茸條埋在烘干(gan)的高(gao)粱(liang)米(花)、大(da)米(花)中,每天更換一次(ci)烘干(gan)的米,持續(xu)6~8天,使茸條達到硬(ying)而(er)脆、軟而(er)挺堅、有彈(dan)性的程度(du)。
刨片(pian)(pian):刨茸(rong)片(pian)(pian)的刨刀(dao)是用(yong)(yong)優質刃(ren)鋼制(zhi)成,寬10~13厘米。將刨床鑲(xiang)嵌在(zai)長凳(deng)上,用(yong)(yong)硬質木板等調整(zheng)好(hao)(hao)刨片(pian)(pian)的厚度。刨片(pian)(pian)時,將茸(rong)條用(yong)(yong)特制(zhi)的茸(rong)夾(jia)夾(jia)好(hao)(hao),均(jun)勻有力,反復在(zai)刨刀(dao)上刨,厚度要(yao)求在(zai)7~10微米。將刨出的茸(rong)片(pian)(pian)放在(zai)吸性好(hao)(hao)、韌(ren)性強的紙(zhi)頁(ye)里擺平夾(jia)好(hao)(hao),用(yong)(yong)加壓器壓平,脫(tuo)水,干后(hou)分成等級,即可包裝出售(shou)。
1990年吉林省(sheng)四(si)平市(shi)種鹿(lu)(lu)場又研制出一種新的薄茸(rong)片(pian)加工(gong)法:由鹿(lu)(lu)角膠取代蛋清(qing)作充填賦形物,用機械一次成(cheng)型,改變了衛生條(tiao)件,減(jian)少了鹿(lu)(lu)茸(rong)有(you)效成(cheng)分的損(sun)失,提高工(gong)效和質量,此項成(cheng)果已通過省(sheng)級(ji)鑒定。
現在國(guo)內已(yi)生產(chan)各種型號的鹿茸(rong)切片機,工(gong)作起來效率高,質量好。
鹿茸粉加工
鹿茸(rong)(rong)粉是利用鹿茸(rong)(rong)的最簡便形式,只是人(ren)們擔心其純度,所以應用并未流行。其加工方法(fa)有(you)酒炙(zhi)法(fa)或(huo)烘干(gan)法(fa)幾種。
酒(jiu)炙法(fa):是將鹿茸(rong)(rong)切(qie)成厚片(pian),將茸(rong)(rong)片(pian)放在鐵絲(si)篩內文火(huo)烘烤(kao),到燙手程(cheng)度(50~60℃)放在白酒(jiu)內漬(zi)淬(cui),取出再(zai)烤(kao)熟、再(zai)漬(zi)淬(cui),反復3~5次(ci),直(zhi)至茸(rong)(rong)片(pian)邊上泛起小(xiao)泡,呈(cheng)深(shen)黃色(se)并有酥香(xiang)味,茸(rong)(rong)質(zhi)松脆,冷涼后粉末。
酥(su)(su)炙法(fa):將銅鍋放(fang)(fang)在沸水(shui)上浴(yu)熱,放(fang)(fang)入茸(rong)片翻(fan)炒(chao),炒(chao)至(zhi)徽黃,放(fang)(fang)在牛乳(ru)中漬淬,反(fan)復3~5次,酥(su)(su)至(zhi)金黃色(se),有酥(su)(su)香氣,茸(rong)質酥(su)(su)脆,冷涼后粉末。
烘(hong)烤法:將(jiang)鹿茸切片(pian)或(huo)砸成碎塊。在(zai)80~100℃干燥箱內烘(hong)烤5~6小時,斷(duan)面呈微黃色,可取出(chu)冷涼粉碎。
以上就是鹿茸(rong)片(pian)和鹿茸(rong)粉的制作方法(fa),希(xi)望(wang)(wang)大(da)家對它們(men)(men)有所了解,對我們(men)(men)日(ri)后食(shi)用它有一定(ding)幫助,希(xi)望(wang)(wang)對大(da)家有用。