【電(dian)烙(luo)鐵(tie)選(xuan)購】電(dian)烙(luo)鐵(tie)種類有哪些？ 電(dian)烙(luo)鐵(tie)選(xuan)購指南

選擇合適的電烙鐵將有助于大大提高我們烙鐵頭在電子無鉛焊接的效率，但是通常情況下，選擇應根據被焊物體的實際情況而定，一般重點考慮電烙鐵種類和(he)電(dian)烙鐵功率等。

(一)電烙鐵種類選擇

1.內(nei)熱(re)式電(dian)烙(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鐵(tie)。內(nei)熱(re)式電(dian)烙(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鐵(tie)結構簡單，熱(re)效(xiao)率高，輕巧(qiao)靈活，當為(wei)首選(xuan)。由連(lian)接桿(gan)、手柄、彈簧(huang)夾、烙(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鐵(tie)芯(xin)、烙(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鐵(tie)頭(也稱銅頭)組成(cheng)。烙(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鐵(tie)芯(xin)安裝在(zai)烙(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鐵(tie)頭的里面。烙(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鐵(tie)芯(xin)采(cai)用鎳(nie)鉻(ge)電(dian)阻絲(si)繞在(zai)瓷(ci)管上制成(cheng)，一般20W電(dian)烙(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鐵(tie)其(qi)電(dian)阻為(wei)2.4kΩ左右，35W電(dian)烙(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)鐵(tie)其(qi)電(dian)阻為(wei)1.4kΩ左右。

2.外熱式電烙鐵。這種電烙鐵制(zhi)造工藝復雜、效率(lv)低(di)、價(jia)格高，一(yi)般由烙鐵頭(tou)、烙鐵芯(xin)、外殼(ke)、手柄、插頭(tou)等部分組成(cheng)。烙鐵頭(tou)安裝在烙鐵芯(xin)內，用以熱傳(chuan)導(dao)性好(hao)的(de)銅(tong)為基體的(de)銅(tong)合(he)金材料制(zhi)成(cheng)。

烙鐵頭(tou)的長短(duan)可以調整(烙鐵頭(tou)越(yue)短(duan)，烙鐵頭(tou)的溫度就(jiu)越(yue)高)。實踐中常(chang)用的有鑿式、尖錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)、圓面(mian)形(xing)(xing)、圓、尖錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)和半圓溝形(xing)(xing)等(deng)不同(tong)(tong)的形(xing)(xing)狀，以適應不同(tong)(tong)焊接面(mian)的需(xu)要。

3.恒(heng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)烙鐵(tie)(tie)。在烙鐵(tie)(tie)頭內(nei)裝進磁鐵(tie)(tie)式的溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)控(kong)制(zhi)器，來控(kong)制(zhi)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間，就是恒(heng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)烙鐵(tie)(tie)。在焊(han)接溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)不(bu)宜(yi)過(guo)高(gao)、焊(han)接時(shi)間不(bu)宜(yi)過(guo)長(chang)的元器件時(shi)，應選用(yong)(yong)恒(heng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)烙鐵(tie)(tie)，但它價格高(gao)。自動恒(heng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)烙鐵(tie)(tie)盡管(guan)零件多(duo)，維(wei)修難(nan)，價格高(gao)，但它能保證焊(han)點質量，特(te)別是做電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路實驗和修理大量印制(zhi)板時(shi)，用(yong)(yong)起來效果很好。生產線上使用(yong)(yong)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)烙鐵(tie)(tie)，采取(qu)自動調壓的方(fang)法恒(heng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)，費用(yong)(yong)可能會(hui)低些。有(you)的地區市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)穩(wen)，烙鐵(tie)(tie)經(jing)常燒得不(bu)蘸錫，或溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)不(bu)夠、焊(han)不(bu)動，為保證釬焊(han)質量，就只有(you)使用(yong)(yong)自動恒(heng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)系列烙鐵(tie)(tie)，或配置調壓系統。僅是溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)偏高(gao)，串降壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻也行(xing)。

4.吸錫(xi)電(dian)烙鐵。吸錫(xi)電(dian)烙鐵是(shi)將活(huo)塞式(shi)吸錫(xi)器與電(dian)烙鐵溶于一體(ti)的拆焊(han)工具(ju)，它(ta)具(ju)有使(shi)用方便、靈活(huo)、適(shi)用范(fan)圍寬(kuan)等特點。不足之處(chu)是(shi)每次只能對一個焊(han)點進行拆焊(han)。

5.汽(qi)焊烙鐵。是一(yi)種用液化氣、甲烷(wan)等可(ke)燃氣體燃燒加熱烙鐵頭的烙鐵。

在供(gong)電不便或(huo)無(wu)法(fa)供(gong)給交(jiao)流電的場合，可以選擇使用。

(二)電烙鐵功率選擇

使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)烙(luo)鐵功率(lv)過大，容易燙壞元器件(jian)(一般(ban)二、三(san)極管結點(dian)溫(wen)度超過200℃時(shi)就會(hui)燒壞)和使印制導線從基板上脫落；使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)烙(luo)鐵功率(lv)太小，焊(han)錫不能充分熔化，焊(han)劑不能揮發出來，焊(han)點(dian)不光滑、不牢固(gu)，易產生虛焊(han)。一般(ban)地，用(yong)(yong)作(zuo)焊(han)接(jie)集成電(dian)(dian)路(lu)、印制線路(lu)板、CMOS電(dian)(dian)路(lu)、裝修(xiu)晶(jing)體管、IC類(lei)收(shou)錄音機、電(dian)(dian)視機，作(zuo)普通電(dian)(dian)路(lu)實驗(yan)，一般(ban)以20W為(wei)宜，修(xiu)理真空管類(lei)機器，如膽(dan)機、舊式(shi)儀(yi)器，以35W為(wei)宜，外熱(re)式(shi)的(de)(de)則為(wei)45W，焊(han)大變(bian)壓器的(de)(de)接(jie)線、金屬(shu)底(di)板上的(de)(de)接(jie)地干線，則采用(yong)(yong)內(nei)熱(re)式(shi)50W、外熱(re)式(shi)75W，還有一些功率(lv)更大的(de)(de)場(chang)合。

烙(luo)鐵頭(tou)(tou)的(de)(de)形(xing)狀有(you)(you)多(duo)種多(duo)樣，選(xuan)擇的(de)(de)要點是(shi)，能(neng)經常保持(chi)一定的(de)(de)焊錫，能(neng)快速(su)有(you)(you)效地(di)熔(rong)化接頭(tou)(tou)上(shang)的(de)(de)焊錫，不產生(sheng)虛焊、搭(da)錫、掛錫，焊點無毛刺，不燙壞板子和元件。機器上(shang)的(de)(de)焊點嶄新口(kou)亮(liang)，則烙(luo)鐵頭(tou)(tou)的(de)(de)蘸錫截面可(ke)大(da)些(xie)，用扁平或橢圓頭(tou)(tou)，傳(chuan)熱快自然操作利索。錫面氧(yang)化層較厚，烙(luo)鐵頭(tou)(tou)相對(dui)要尖些(xie)，便于突破。

元器(qi)件密(mi)度大，需要選用對應(ying)尖細(xi)的鐵合(he)金(jin)頭，避免燙(tang)傷和(he)(he)搭錫。裝拆IC塊，常使用特殊形狀的烙鐵頭。有時因(yin)為焊不到，和(he)(he)避免燙(tang)壞塑料件，選用彎烙鐵頭。當(dang)然，也要看各人的操作習慣和(he)(he)嗜(shi)好。

（三）電烙鐵如何選擇

1．按電烙鐵加熱形式的選擇

（1）內(nei)熱式和外熱式的(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇：相同瓦數情(qing)況下(xia)，內(nei)熱式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)烙鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)比外熱式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)烙鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)高。（2）當需要低(di)溫(wen)(wen)焊接時(shi)，應用調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)器控(kong)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)烙鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)烙鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)有密(mi)切的(de)(de)(de)(de)關系，實際(ji)使用中往往通(tong)過(guo)調(diao)低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)來降(jiang)低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)烙鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)。（3）通(tong)過(guo)調(diao)整烙鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)頭的(de)(de)(de)(de)伸出長度(du)(du)控(kong)制溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)。（4）穩定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)烙鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)主要有以下(xia)幾種：加(jia)裝穩壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，防止供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)；烙鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)頭保持(chi)一定體積、長度(du)(du)和形狀；采(cai)用恒(heng)(heng)溫(wen)(wen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)烙鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)；室內(nei)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)保持(chi)恒(heng)(heng)定；避(bi)免自然風或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)扇(shan)風等(deng)。

2．按電烙鐵功率的選擇

（1）焊(han)接小瓦數的阻容元件、晶體管、集成電路、印制(zhi)電路板的焊(han)盤或塑料(liao)導線時，宜采用30~45W的(de)(de)(de)外熱式或20W的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)熱式電烙(luo)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)。應用(yong)中選用(yong)20W內(nei)熱式電烙(luo)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)最好。（2）焊(han)接(jie)(jie)一般結構產品的(de)(de)(de)焊(han)接(jie)(jie)點，如(ru)線環、線爪、散熱片、接(jie)(jie)地(di)焊(han)片等時，宜采用(yong)75~100W電烙(luo)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)。（3）對于大型焊(han)點，如(ru)焊(han)金屬機架(jia)接(jie)(jie)片、焊(han)片等，宜采用(yong)100~200W的(de)(de)(de)電烙(luo)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)。

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