【微(wei)波爐(lu)(lu)原(yuan)理】微(wei)波爐(lu)(lu)的工作原(yuan)理圖解 微(wei)波爐(lu)(lu)的電路圖分(fen)析
微波爐按功能分(fen)為微(wei)(wei)波(bo)(bo)加熱(re)型(xing)和微(wei)(wei)波(bo)(bo)燒烤型(xing);按控(kong)(kong)(kong)制類型(xing)分(fen)為機械(xie)型(xing)和微(wei)(wei)電腦型(xing)。微(wei)(wei)波(bo)(bo)爐微(wei)(wei)波(bo)(bo)系統結(jie)構示意圖(tu)如(ru)右(you)圖(tu)所示,其(qi)工作原理(li)如(ru)下(xia):控(kong)(kong)(kong)制電路根據用戶設置的(de)火力,將AC220V電壓加到高(gao)壓變壓器的(de)初級,其(qi)次(ci)級輸(shu)出3V~4V和1800V~2230V兩組交(jiao)流(liu)電壓。3V~4V交(jiao)流(liu)電壓直(zhi)接給磁(ci)控(kong)(kong)(kong)管(guan)燈(deng)絲供電;1800V~2230V交(jiao)流(liu)電壓經高(gao)壓電容、高(gao)壓二極(ji)管(guan)倍壓整流(liu)濾(lv)波(bo)(bo)后,變為3600V~4500V的(de)負直(zhi)流(liu)電壓,加到磁(ci)控(kong)(kong)(kong)管(guan)陰極(ji)。當(dang)磁(ci)控(kong)(kong)(kong)管(guan)具(ju)備燈(deng)絲電壓,且陽(yang)極(ji)(接地)與陰極(ji)之(zhi)間的(de)電壓差大于3500V時(shi),就產生(sheng)2450MHz超(chao)高(gao)頻電磁(ci)波(bo)(bo),即微(wei)(wei)波(bo)(bo),快速震動(dong)食品內的(de)蛋白質、脂類、糖(tang)類及水等物質的(de)分(fen)子,使之(zhi)相互碰撞、擠壓、摩擦(ca)(ca),重(zhong)新排列(lie)組合。簡而(er)言之(zhi),微(wei)(wei)波(bo)(bo)爐是靠食品內部的(de)摩擦(ca)(ca)生(sheng)熱(re)來進行(xing)烹調的(de)。
磁(ci)(ci)控(kong)(kong)管(guan)(guan)發射(she)微(wei)(wei)(wei)波的(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)度(即功(gong)率)與陰陽極電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)差及發射(she)時(shi)(shi)間成(cheng)正比。實(shi)際上,工廠是通過高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)輸出(chu)值來設計(ji)微(wei)(wei)(wei)波的(de)(de)(de)額定輸出(chu)功(gong)率的(de)(de)(de)。用戶設置火力,就是改變控(kong)(kong)制電(dian)路(lu)給高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)提供(gong)AC220V電(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間,從而(er)控(kong)(kong)制了烹調時(shi)(shi)微(wei)(wei)(wei)波爐的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際輸出(chu)功(gong)率。在(zai)最高(gao)(gao)火力擋時(shi)(shi),控(kong)(kong)制電(dian)路(lu)始(shi)終給高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)初級供(gong)電(dian),磁(ci)(ci)控(kong)(kong)管(guan)(guan)連(lian)續發射(she)微(wei)(wei)(wei)波,此時(shi)(shi)輸出(chu)功(gong)率最大;而(er)在(zai)非最高(gao)(gao)火力時(shi)(shi),控(kong)(kong)制電(dian)路(lu)則(ze)以30s為一個(ge)周期,間歇(xie)性給高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)初級供(gong)電(dian),使磁(ci)(ci)控(kong)(kong)管(guan)(guan)間歇(xie)性發射(she)微(wei)(wei)(wei)波,微(wei)(wei)(wei)波爐平均輸出(chu)功(gong)率將低(di)于(yu)最大功(gong)率。 電(dian)路(lu)原理(li)簡析
機械式微波爐的電(dian)控部(bu)分主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)由(you)(you)四(si)部(bu)分組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),一是市(shi)電(dian)供給部(bu)分,由(you)(you)電(dian)源插(cha)頭,市(shi)電(dian)保險絲FUSE,開關(guan)和(he)電(dian)線等組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng);二(er)是升壓(ya)(ya)部(bu)分,主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)由(you)(you)升壓(ya)(ya)變壓(ya)(ya)器T組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng);三是整流部(bu)分,由(you)(you)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)保險絲H.V.FUSE,高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)二(er)極管(guan)(guan)D,高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)容器C等組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng);四(si)是微波(bo)產生(sheng)部(bu)分,主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)由(you)(you)磁控管(guan)(guan)和(he)波(bo)導(dao)裝置組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),如上圖(tu)所示(shi)。
在該電路中一共有以下三個電流回路:
一是(shi)(shi)市電(dian)回(hui)路(lu)(lu)(lu),220V交(jiao)流電(dian)經保險絲(si)(si)、電(dian)機、升(sheng)壓變(bian)壓器初級后流回(hui)插(cha)座(zuo)。二是(shi)(shi)燈(deng)(deng)絲(si)(si)回(hui)路(lu)(lu)(lu),升(sheng)壓變(bian)壓器的一個(ge)次級繞(rao)組輸出約3V交(jiao)流電(dian),供(gong)給磁(ci)控管燈(deng)(deng)絲(si)(si)。只有燈(deng)(deng)絲(si)(si)加(jia)熱陰(yin)極,陰(yin)極才(cai)能發射電(dian)子。上面(mian)兩個(ge)回(hui)路(lu)(lu)(lu)流的是(shi)(shi)交(jiao)流電(dian)。第三(san)個(ge)回(hui)路(lu)(lu)(lu)是(shi)(shi)高壓回(hui)路(lu)(lu)(lu),流的是(shi)(shi)高頻(pin)高壓脈動直流電(dian)。
1、220V市電回路
當關(guan)上(shang)爐門后,定(ding)時(shi)器打(da)開(kai)(kai)(kai)。S3被(bei)下(xia)門鉤推開(kai)(kai)(kai),呈(cheng)開(kai)(kai)(kai)路狀態,在電(dian)(dian)(dian)路里(li)(li)不起(qi)作用(yong),此時(shi)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路中的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)如下(xia)圖所(suo)示(shi),干路電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)標為(wei)I,各并(bing)聯支路里(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)標為(wei)i。干路里(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)I回(hui)路如下(xia):電(dian)(dian)(dian)源L→FUSE→第一閂(shuan)鎖開(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)Sl→定(ding)時(shi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)S4→五個并(bing)聯支路(iL、il-i4)→第二(er)閂(shuan)鎖開(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)S2→熱繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器S6→回(hui)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)源線N,則電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)I=il,+il+i2+i3+i4。
【提示】(1)上述(shu)五個(ge)支(zhi)路里任一個(ge)短路,總(zong)電流就會(hui)增大,從而(er)出現(xian)燒保險(xian)管(guan)故障。其中(zhong),變壓(ya)器短路尤為常(chang)見。(2)在此電路中(zhong),干路上的元器件的連(lian)接多采用接插件,只要有一處斷開,總(zong)電流就為0,微(wei)波爐不(bu)工作(zuo)。