青島地區昔稱膠(jiao)澳(ao)(ao)。1891年(nian)(nian)(清(qing)光緒十七年(nian)(nian)),清(qing)政(zheng)府議(yi)決(jue)在膠(jiao)澳(ao)(ao)設防(fang),青島由此(ci)建置。翌年(nian)(nian),調登州鎮總兵章高元(yuan)率(lv)部移駐(zhu)膠(jiao)澳(ao)(ao)。1897年(nian)(nian)11月(yue),德國以(yi)“巨野(ye)教案”為借口強占膠(jiao)澳(ao)(ao),并強迫清(qing)政(zheng)府于(yu)1898年(nian)(nian)3月(yue)6日簽訂《膠(jiao)澳(ao)(ao)租界條約》,膠(jiao)澳(ao)(ao)淪為殖民地,山東也劃入(ru)德國的(de)勢力(li)范圍。第一次世界大(da)戰爆發后(hou),1914年(nian)(nian)11月(yue),日本(ben)取代德國侵占膠(jiao)澳(ao)(ao),進行軍事殖民統治。
第一(yi)次世(shi)界大戰結束后,中(zhong)國人(ren)民(min)為收回(hui)青(qing)(qing)島(dao)進行英(ying)勇(yong)斗(dou)爭(zheng)。1919年(nian)(nian),由于(yu)青(qing)(qing)島(dao)主權問題,引發(fa)著名的(de)“五四(si)運動”,迫使日本于(yu)1922年(nian)(nian)2月(yue)4日同中(zhong)國政府(fu)簽訂《解(jie)決山東懸案條(tiao)約》。同年(nian)(nian)12月(yue)10日,中(zhong)國收回(hui)膠(jiao)(jiao)澳(ao),開為商埠(bu),設立膠(jiao)(jiao)澳(ao)商埠(bu)督辦(ban)公署,直(zhi)屬北洋政府(fu)。其(qi)行政區域與德膠(jiao)(jiao)澳(ao)租界地相同。1929年(nian)(nian)4月(yue),南(nan)京國民(min)政府(fu)接(jie)管膠(jiao)(jiao)澳(ao)商埠(bu),同年(nian)(nian)7月(yue)設青(qing)(qing)島(dao)特(te)別市(shi)。1930年(nian)(nian)改稱(cheng)青(qing)(qing)島(dao)市(shi)。
1938年1月,日本再次侵占青(qing)島。1945年9月,國民黨政府接(jie)收青(qing)島,青(qing)島仍為特(te)別市。
1949年(nian)6月(yue)(yue)2日,青(qing)島解(jie)放。青(qing)島解(jie)放后,改為(wei)山(shan)東省省轄市。1981年(nian),被列為(wei)全(quan)國15個經(jing)濟(ji)中心城市之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi);1984年(nian)4月(yue)(yue),被列為(wei)全(quan)國14個進一(yi)(yi)(yi)步對外(wai)開放的沿海港口城市之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi);1986年(nian)10月(yue)(yue)15日,被國務院正(zheng)式(shi)批準(zhun)在國家(jia)計劃中實行單列,賦予省一(yi)(yi)(yi)級(ji)經(jing)濟(ji)管理權限;1994年(nian)2月(yue)(yue),被列為(wei)全(quan)國15個副省級(ji)城市之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)。
中華人民(min)共和(he)國成立(li)(li)以來,青(qing)島(dao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)劃(hua)變動(dong)較大(da)。1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)底為市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)北(bei)(bei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、臺(tai)西(xi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、臺(tai)東區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、四滄區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、李村區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、浮山(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。1951年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)6月,膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)州專區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嶗(lao)山(shan)(shan)辦事(shi)(shi)處(chu)(chu)劃(hua)歸(gui)青(qing)島(dao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)領導,改稱嶗(lao)山(shan)(shan)郊(jiao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)辦事(shi)(shi)處(chu)(chu);8月,撤(che)銷(xiao)(xiao)四滄區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、浮山(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),設(she)(she)立(li)(li)四方區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、滄口區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。1953年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)6月,嶗(lao)山(shan)(shan)郊(jiao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)辦事(shi)(shi)處(chu)(chu)更(geng)名(ming)為嶗(lao)山(shan)(shan)郊(jiao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)人民(min)政(zheng)(zheng)府。1958年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)底,昌(chang)濰(wei)專區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)及(ji)萊(lai)(lai)陽(yang)專區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)劃(hua)歸(gui)青(qing)島(dao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。1961年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)5月,即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)、膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)、膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)劃(hua)出(chu);10月,以原嶗(lao)山(shan)(shan)郊(jiao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域設(she)(she)立(li)(li)嶗(lao)山(shan)(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),歸(gui)青(qing)島(dao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。1962年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)12月,臺(tai)西(xi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)撤(che)銷(xiao)(xiao),其(qi)轄區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)分別(bie)并(bing)入(ru)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)北(bei)(bei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)11月,煙臺(tai)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),昌(chang)濰(wei)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)又(you)劃(hua)歸(gui)青(qing)島(dao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);新設(she)(she)立(li)(li)青(qing)島(dao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)黃(huang)島(dao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),其(qi)轄區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)包括(kuo)由(you)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)劃(hua)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)島(dao)、薛家(jia)(jia)島(dao)、辛(xin)安3個公社。1983年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)8月,煙臺(tai)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)萊(lai)(lai)西(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、濰(wei)坊(fang)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平度縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)劃(hua)歸(gui)青(qing)島(dao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)4月,撤(che)銷(xiao)(xiao)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),設(she)(she)立(li)(li)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)州市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)級(ji));1988年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)11月,撤(che)銷(xiao)(xiao)嶗(lao)山(shan)(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),設(she)(she)立(li)(li)嶗(lao)山(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu);1989年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)7月,撤(che)銷(xiao)(xiao)平度縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),設(she)(she)立(li)(li)平度市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)級(ji))和(he)即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)級(ji));1990年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)12月,撤(che)銷(xiao)(xiao)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)萊(lai)(lai)西(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),設(she)(she)立(li)(li)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)級(ji))和(he)萊(lai)(lai)西(xi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)級(ji))。1994年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)上(shang)半年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)劃(hua)作重大(da)調整(zheng)(zheng),在市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)轄區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)總數不變的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前(qian)提下,將(jiang)臺(tai)東區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)北(bei)(bei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、四方區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)吳家(jia)(jia)村街道和(he)錯埠嶺街道整(zheng)(zheng)建制(zhi)合并(bing),設(she)(she)立(li)(li)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)北(bei)(bei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu);將(jiang)嶗(lao)山(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)做大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調整(zheng)(zheng),一部(bu)分設(she)(she)立(li)(li)新嶗(lao)山(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),一部(bu)分設(she)(she)立(li)(li)城陽(yang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),一部(bu)分與滄口區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)合并(bing)設(she)(she)立(li)(li)李滄區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。
2012年11月,國務院(yuan)作出《關于同(tong)意(yi)山(shan)(shan)東省(sheng)調(diao)整青島市(shi)(shi)部(bu)分行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)區(qu)(qu)劃(hua)的(de)(de)(de)批復》,山(shan)(shan)東省(sheng)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府發(fa)出《關于調(diao)整青島市(shi)(shi)部(bu)分行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)區(qu)(qu)劃(hua)的(de)(de)(de)通知》,決定對(dui)青島部(bu)分行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)區(qu)(qu)劃(hua)實施調(diao)整:撤銷(xiao)(xiao)市(shi)(shi)北(bei)區(qu)(qu)、四方(fang)區(qu)(qu),設立新的(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)北(bei)區(qu)(qu),以原(yuan)市(shi)(shi)北(bei)區(qu)(qu)、四方(fang)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)為新的(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)北(bei)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)區(qu)(qu)域(yu);撤銷(xiao)(xiao)黃島區(qu)(qu)、膠(jiao)南市(shi)(shi),設立新的(de)(de)(de)黃島區(qu)(qu),以原(yuan)黃島區(qu)(qu)、膠(jiao)南市(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)為新的(de)(de)(de)黃島區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)。調(diao)整后,青島市(shi)(shi)轄6個(ge)市(shi)(shi)轄區(qu)(qu)(市(shi)(shi)南、市(shi)(shi)北(bei)、李滄、嶗山(shan)(shan)、黃島、城(cheng)陽),代管4個(ge)縣級(ji)市(shi)(shi)(即墨、膠(jiao)州、平度、萊西(xi))。
青(qing)島市(shi)(shi)地處山(shan)東半島南(nan)部(bu),位于(yu)東經119°30′~121°00′、北緯35°35′~37°09′,東、南(nan)瀕臨(lin)黃海,東北與煙臺(tai)市(shi)(shi)毗鄰,西(xi)(xi)與濰(wei)坊市(shi)(shi)相(xiang)連,西(xi)(xi)南(nan)與日照市(shi)(shi)接壤。全市(shi)(shi)總面積為(wei)11292平(ping)方(fang)千(qian)(qian)米(mi)。其(qi)中,市(shi)(shi)區(市(shi)(shi)南(nan)、市(shi)(shi)北、李滄(cang)、嶗山(shan)、黃島、城陽等(deng)六區)為(wei)3303平(ping)方(fang)千(qian)(qian)米(mi),即墨、膠州(zhou)、平(ping)度、萊(lai)西(xi)(xi)等(deng)四市(shi)(shi)為(wei)7989平(ping)方(fang)千(qian)(qian)米(mi)。
截至(zhi)2016年底,全市常住人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口為920.4萬人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),比上年(下同(tong))增(zeng)長1.18%。其中,市區為497.07萬人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),增(zeng)長1.40%。截至(zhi)2012年底,青(qing)島市有少數(shu)民族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)52個(ge),少數(shu)民族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口76696人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。其中,朝(chao)鮮族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)40015人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),滿(man)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)13511人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),回族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)5986人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),蒙古族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)4466人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),維吾爾族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)2401人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),苗族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)1860人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),彝族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)1498人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),壯族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)1379人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),土家族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)1258人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),其他43個(ge)少數(shu)民族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口4322人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。
青(qing)島為海濱丘(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)城市(shi),地(di)勢東高(gao)西低,南(nan)北(bei)兩側隆(long)起,中間(jian)低凹。其中,山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)約占(zhan)全市(shi)總面積(下(xia)(xia)同)的(de)15.5%,丘(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)占(zhan)2.1%,平(ping)原占(zhan)37.7%,洼地(di)占(zhan)21.7%。全市(shi)海岸分(fen)(fen)為岬灣相間(jian)的(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)基巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)岸、山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)港灣泥質粉砂岸及基巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)沙礫質海岸等(deng)3種基本類型。淺海海底則有水下(xia)(xia)淺灘、現代(dai)水下(xia)(xia)三角洲及海沖蝕平(ping)原等(deng)。青(qing)島所處(chu)大地(di)構(gou)(gou)造位置(zhi)為新華夏隆(long)起帶次級構(gou)(gou)造單元(yuan)——膠(jiao)南(nan)隆(long)起區東北(bei)緣和(he)膠(jiao)萊凹陷區中南(nan)部。區內缺失(shi)整(zheng)個古生(sheng)(sheng)界地(di)層(ceng)(ceng)及部分(fen)(fen)中生(sheng)(sheng)界地(di)層(ceng)(ceng),但白堊系青(qing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)組火山(shan)(shan)(shan)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)層(ceng)(ceng)發育充分(fen)(fen)、出露十分(fen)(fen)廣泛。巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)漿巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)以(yi)元(yuan)古代(dai)膠(jiao)南(nan)期月季山(shan)(shan)(shan)式(shi)(shi)片麻狀花崗(gang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)及中生(sheng)(sheng)代(dai)燕山(shan)(shan)(shan)晚(wan)期的(de)艾山(shan)(shan)(shan)式(shi)(shi)花崗(gang)閃長巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)和(he)嶗山(shan)(shan)(shan)式(shi)(shi)花崗(gang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)為主(zhu)。市(shi)區全部坐落于該類花崗(gang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之上,建筑地(di)基條(tiao)件優良。區內構(gou)(gou)造以(yi)斷裂(lie)構(gou)(gou)造為主(zhu)。自(zi)第三紀以(yi)來,區內以(yi)整(zheng)體性較穩定的(de)斷塊(kuai)隆(long)起為主(zhu),上升幅度一般不大。
全市(shi)(shi)大體(ti)有3個(ge)山(shan)(shan)(shan)系(xi)。東南是嶗山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo),山(shan)(shan)(shan)勢陡峻,主峰(feng)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)1132.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)。從嶗頂向(xiang)西、北綿延至(zhi)青島市(shi)(shi)區。北部(bu)為大澤山(shan)(shan)(shan)(海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)736.7米(mi)(mi)(mi),平(ping)度境(jing)內諸山(shan)(shan)(shan)及萊西部(bu)分山(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)均屬之)。南部(bu)為大珠山(shan)(shan)(shan)(海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)486.4米(mi)(mi)(mi))、小珠山(shan)(shan)(shan)(海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)724.9米(mi)(mi)(mi))、鐵(tie)橛山(shan)(shan)(shan)(海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)595.1米(mi)(mi)(mi))等(deng)組成(cheng)的(de)膠南山(shan)(shan)(shan)群。市(shi)(shi)區的(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)嶺有浮山(shan)(shan)(shan)(海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)384米(mi)(mi)(mi))、太平(ping)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)150米(mi)(mi)(mi))、青島山(shan)(shan)(shan)(海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)128.5米(mi)(mi)(mi))、信號山(shan)(shan)(shan)(海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)99米(mi)(mi)(mi))、伏龍山(shan)(shan)(shan)(海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)86米(mi)(mi)(mi))、貯(zhu)水山(shan)(shan)(shan)(海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)80.6米(mi)(mi)(mi))等(deng)。
概況
全市共有大(da)小(xiao)河(he)流(liu)224條(tiao),均為(wei)季風區雨源型,多為(wei)獨立入海的山溪性小(xiao)河(he)。流(liu)域面積在100平方(fang)千米以上的較(jiao)大(da)河(he)流(liu)33條(tiao),按照水系(xi)分為(wei)大(da)沽河(he)、北膠萊(lai)河(he)以及沿海諸河(he)流(liu)等三大(da)水系(xi)。
大沽河水系
包括主流(liu)及其支流(liu),主要支流(liu)有小沽(gu)河、五(wu)沽(gu)河、流(liu)浩河和南(nan)(nan)膠萊河。大(da)沽(gu)河是(shi)全(quan)市最(zui)大(da)的河流(liu),發源(yuan)于招(zhao)遠市阜(fu)山,由(you)北向南(nan)(nan)流(liu)入青島,經萊西、平(ping)度、即墨、膠州和城陽,至(zhi)膠州南(nan)(nan)碼頭(tou)村入海。干流(liu)全(quan)長179.9千(qian)米,流(liu)域(yu)(yu)面積6131.3平(ping)方(fang)千(qian)米(含南(nan)(nan)膠萊河流(liu)域(yu)(yu)1500平(ping)方(fang)千(qian)米),是(shi)膠東(dong)半島最(zui)大(da)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)。大(da)沽(gu)河多年平(ping)均徑流(liu)量為6.61億立(li)方(fang)米。該河20世紀70年代前,徑流(liu)季(ji)節性較強,夏季(ji)洪水(shui)(shui)暴漲,常年有水(shui)(shui);之后,除汛期外(wai),中、下游已斷流(liu)。
北膠萊河水系
包括主流(liu)(liu)北(bei)膠萊(lai)河(he)(he)及諸(zhu)支流(liu)(liu),在青島境內的主要支流(liu)(liu)有(you)澤河(he)(he)、龍王河(he)(he)、現河(he)(he)和白沙(sha)河(he)(he),總流(liu)(liu)域面(mian)(mian)積(ji)1914.0平(ping)(ping)方(fang)千米(mi)(mi)。北(bei)膠萊(lai)河(he)(he)發(fa)源于(yu)(yu)平(ping)(ping)度市(shi)(shi)(shi)蓼蘭鎮姚家(jia)村分(fen)水嶺北(bei)麓,沿平(ping)(ping)度市(shi)(shi)(shi)與昌(chang)邑市(shi)(shi)(shi)邊界北(bei)去(qu),于(yu)(yu)平(ping)(ping)度市(shi)(shi)(shi)新河(he)(he)鎮大苗家(jia)村出境流(liu)(liu)入(ru)萊(lai)州灣。干流(liu)(liu)全長100千米(mi)(mi),流(liu)(liu)域面(mian)(mian)積(ji)3978.6平(ping)(ping)方(fang)千米(mi)(mi)。該河(he)(he)多年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)徑流(liu)(liu)量為2.53億立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi),多年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)含沙(sha)量為0.24千克/立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)。
沿海諸河流水系
指獨流(liu)(liu)入海的河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu),較大者有(you)白沙河(he)(he)(he)、墨(mo)水河(he)(he)(he)、王戈莊河(he)(he)(he)、白馬(ma)河(he)(he)(he)、吉利河(he)(he)(he)、周(zhou)疃(tuan)河(he)(he)(he)、洋河(he)(he)(he)等。
海岸線、海灣
全市海(hai)域面(mian)積約1.22萬平方千米(mi);海(hai)岸(an)(an)線(xian)(含所屬海(hai)島(dao)(dao)岸(an)(an)線(xian))總長為(wei)905.2千米(mi),其(qi)中大陸岸(an)(an)線(xian)782.3千米(mi),大陸岸(an)(an)線(xian)占山(shan)(shan)東省岸(an)(an)線(xian)的1/4強。海(hai)岸(an)(an)線(xian)曲折,岬灣(wan)(wan)(wan)相(xiang)間。面(mian)積大于0.5平方千米(mi)的海(hai)灣(wan)(wan)(wan),自北(bei)而南分布著丁字灣(wan)(wan)(wan)、栲栳灣(wan)(wan)(wan)、鹽水灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(又稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)橫(heng)門灣(wan)(wan)(wan))、嶗山(shan)(shan)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(又稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)灣(wan)(wan)(wan))、小島(dao)(dao)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)、王哥(ge)莊灣(wan)(wan)(wan)、青山(shan)(shan)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)、腰(yao)島(dao)(dao)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)、太(tai)清宮口(kou)(kou)、流清河灣(wan)(wan)(wan)、嶗山(shan)(shan)口(kou)(kou)、沙子口(kou)(kou)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)、麥島(dao)(dao)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)、浮山(shan)(shan)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)、太(tai)平灣(wan)(wan)(wan)、匯泉(quan)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)、前海(hai)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(又稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)棧(zhan)橋灣(wan)(wan)(wan))、膠州(zhou)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)、唐島(dao)(dao)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)、靈山(shan)(shan)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)、利根灣(wan)(wan)(wan)和古(gu)鎮口(kou)(kou)、齋堂灣(wan)(wan)(wan)、董(dong)家(jia)口(kou)(kou)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)、沐(mu)官島(dao)(dao)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)等。膠州(zhou)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)內又有海(hai)西灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(包括小叉(cha)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)、薛家(jia)島(dao)(dao)灣(wan)(wan)(wan))、黃島(dao)(dao)前灣(wan)(wan)(wan)、紅島(dao)(dao)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)、女姑口(kou)(kou)、滄口(kou)(kou)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)等49個(ge)海(hai)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)。
海島
根據(ju)2013年(nian)10月(yue)全(quan)國海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)地名普查結果、2013年(nian)12月(yue)《山(shan)東省海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)保護規劃(hua)》、2016年(nian)5月(yue)《青(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)市(shi)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)保護規劃(hua)》公布的(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)數量,青(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)市(shi)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)總(zong)數為120個(ge),其中有(you)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)7個(ge)、無(wu)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)113個(ge)(面積(ji)大于500平(ping)方米的(de)無(wu)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)67個(ge))。海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)總(zong)面積(ji)15.04平(ping)方千(qian)(qian)米,其中有(you)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)10.97平(ping)方千(qian)(qian)米、無(wu)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)4.07平(ping)方千(qian)(qian)米。海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)岸線總(zong)長約122.9千(qian)(qian)米,其中有(you)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)47.9千(qian)(qian)米、無(wu)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)75.0千(qian)(qian)米。靈山(shan)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)為青(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)市(shi)面積(ji)最大、海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)岸線最長的(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。
潮汐
青(qing)島屬正(zheng)規半日潮港(gang),每個太陰日(24小時48分)有兩(liang)(liang)次高潮和兩(liang)(liang)次低潮。平均(jun)潮差為(wei)2.8米(mi)左(zuo)右,大潮差發生于朔或(huo)(huo)望(wang)(上弦(xian)或(huo)(huo)下弦(xian))日后2~3天。8月(yue)(yue)份潮位比1月(yue)(yue)份潮位一(yi)般高出(chu)0.5米(mi)。中(zhong)國(guo)以青(qing)島驗潮站觀測的平均(jun)潮位作為(wei)“黃海平均(jun)海水面”,其高度(du)在青(qing)島觀象山國(guo)家水準原點下72.289米(mi)。中(zhong)國(guo)自(zi)1957年起,大陸國(guo)土的地物高程即以此為(wei)零點起算。
青(qing)(qing)島(dao)地處北溫(wen)帶(dai)季(ji)風區(qu)域,屬溫(wen)帶(dai)季(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)候。市區(qu)由于海洋(yang)(yang)環境的直接調節,受來(lai)自洋(yang)(yang)面上的東南季(ji)風及海流、水(shui)團的影響,故(gu)又具(ju)有顯著(zhu)的海洋(yang)(yang)性氣(qi)(qi)候特(te)點。空氣(qi)(qi)濕潤,雨量(liang)充沛,溫(wen)度適中,四季(ji)分明(ming)。春季(ji)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)回升緩慢,較(jiao)(jiao)內陸(lu)遲1個月(yue)(yue);夏(xia)季(ji)濕熱(re)多雨,但無酷(ku)暑;秋(qiu)季(ji)天(tian)高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)爽,降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)少,蒸發(fa)強;冬季(ji)風大溫(wen)低,持續時間較(jiao)(jiao)長。據1898年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)以來(lai)100余年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)氣(qi)(qi)象資料(liao)查考,市區(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)12.7℃,極端高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)38.9℃(2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)7月(yue)(yue)15日(ri)),極端低氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)-16.9℃(1931年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)1月(yue)(yue)10日(ri))。全年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)8月(yue)(yue)份(fen)(fen)最熱(re),平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)25.3℃;1月(yue)(yue)份(fen)(fen)最冷,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)-0.5℃。日(ri)最高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)高(gao)于30℃的日(ri)數,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)為(wei)11.4天(tian);日(ri)最低氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)低于-5℃的日(ri)數,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)為(wei)22天(tian)。降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)為(wei)662.1毫(hao)(hao)米,春、夏(xia)、秋(qiu)、冬四季(ji)雨量(liang)分別占全年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)的17%、57%、21%、5%。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)最多為(wei)1272.7毫(hao)(hao)米(1911年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),最少僅308.2毫(hao)(hao)米(1981年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)的年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)變率(lv)為(wei)62%。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)雪(xue)日(ri)數只有10天(tian)。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)壓為(wei)1008.6百帕。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)風速為(wei)5.2米/秒,以南東風為(wei)主導(dao)風向。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)相對濕度為(wei)73%。7月(yue)(yue)份(fen)(fen)相對濕度最高(gao),為(wei)89%;12月(yue)(yue)份(fen)(fen)最低,為(wei)68%。青(qing)(qing)島(dao)海霧多、頻,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)濃霧51.3天(tian)、輕霧108.2天(tian)。
概況
按(an)全國第二(er)次土壤普查土地分類系統(tong),青島市(shi)土壤主要有(you)棕(zong)壤、砂姜黑(hei)土、潮土、褐土、鹽土等5個土類。
棕壤
面積(ji)(ji)49.37萬公頃(qing),占土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)總面積(ji)(ji)的59.8%。是全市分布最廣(guang)、面積(ji)(ji)最大(da)的土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)類型,主(zhu)要分布在(zai)山地(di)丘(qiu)陵及山前(qian)平原(yuan)。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)發育程(cheng)度(du)受地(di)形(xing)部(bu)(bu)位影(ying)響,由高到低(di)依次(ci)分為(wei)(wei)棕(zong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)性(xing)土(tu)(tu)、棕(zong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)、潮棕(zong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)等3個(ge)土(tu)(tu)屬。棕(zong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)性(xing)土(tu)(tu)因地(di)形(xing)部(bu)(bu)位高、坡度(du)大(da)、土(tu)(tu)層薄、侵蝕重、肥力(li)低(di),多為(wei)(wei)林、牧業用;棕(zong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)和潮棕(zong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)是青島市主(zhu)要糧(liang)食經濟作物種(zhong)植土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)。
砂姜黑土
面積17.69萬(wan)公頃,占土(tu)壤(rang)總面積的21.42%。主要(yao)分布(bu)在萊西(xi)南(nan)(nan)部(bu)、平(ping)度(du)西(xi)南(nan)(nan)部(bu)、即墨西(xi)北(bei)部(bu)、膠州北(bei)部(bu)淺平(ping)洼地上。該類土(tu)壤(rang)土(tu)層深厚,土(tu)質偏(pian)粘,表(biao)土(tu)輕壤(rang)至重(zhong)壤(rang),物理性狀較差,水氣熱狀況不(bu)夠協調,速效養(yang)分低。
潮土
面(mian)積14.49萬(wan)公(gong)頃,占土壤總面(mian)積的(de)17.55%。主(zhu)要(yao)分布在大(da)沽(gu)河、五沽(gu)河、膠(jiao)萊(lai)河下游(you)的(de)沿河平地。因距河道遠近不同,土壤質地、土體構(gou)型差(cha)異較大(da)。近海地帶常(chang)受(shou)海鹽(yan)影響(xiang)形成鹽(yan)化(hua)潮土,土壤肥力和利用方向(xiang)差(cha)異較大(da)。
褐土
面積6333.33公頃,占土壤總面積的0.77%。零星分布(bu)在(zai)平(ping)度、萊西(xi)、黃島的石(shi)灰巖殘丘中(zhong)上部。
鹽土
面積(ji)3666.67公(gong)頃,占土(tu)壤總面積(ji)的0.44%。分布在(zai)各濱海低地和濱海灘地。
青島海區港灣(wan)(wan)眾(zhong)多,岸線曲(qu)折,灘涂廣闊,水(shui)質肥沃,是多種水(shui)生物(wu)繁衍生息的(de)場所,具有較高的(de)經濟價值和開(kai)發(fa)利用潛(qian)力。膠(jiao)州灣(wan)(wan)、嶗山(shan)灣(wan)(wan)及丁字灣(wan)(wan)口(kou)水(shui)域營養鹽含量高,補充源(yuan)充足,異(yi)樣菌量比大陸(lu)架區或大洋(yang)區高出數倍(bei)乃至數千倍(bei),水(shui)中(zhong)有機物(wu)含量較高。尤其是膠(jiao)州灣(wan)(wan)一帶(dai)泥沙(sha)底(di)質岸段(duan),是發(fa)展貝(bei)類(lei)、藻(zao)類(lei)養殖的(de)優良(liang)海區。該海區的(de)浮游生物(wu)、底(di)棲生物(wu)、經濟無脊(ji)椎動物(wu)、潮(chao)間帶(dai)藻(zao)類(lei)等資源(yuan)也很豐富。
青島地(di)區植(zhi)(zhi)物種(zhong)(zhong)類豐富繁茂,是同緯度地(di)區植(zhi)(zhi)物種(zhong)(zhong)類最多、組成植(zhi)(zhi)被建(jian)群種(zhong)(zhong)最多的地(di)區。有植(zhi)(zhi)物資源種(zhong)(zhong)類152科(ke)654屬1237種(zhong)(zhong)與變種(zhong)(zhong)(不(bu)含溫(wen)室(shi)栽培種(zhong)(zhong)及(ji)花卉(hui)栽培類型)。原生木本植(zhi)(zhi)物區系(xi)有66科(ke)136屬332種(zhong)(zhong),分(fen)別(bie)占山(shan)東省木本植(zhi)(zhi)物區系(xi)科(ke)、屬、種(zhong)(zhong)總(zong)數的93%、84%和80.2%。
青島(dao)地(di)區(qu)(qu)在脊(ji)椎動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)地(di)理分布區(qu)(qu)劃(hua)上屬古北(bei)界(jie)華北(bei)區(qu)(qu)黃淮平(ping)原(yuan)亞區(qu)(qu)。由于受暖(nuan)溫帶(dai)海洋(yang)季風影響,氣候(hou)溫暖(nuan)潮濕,植被生(sheng)(sheng)長良好(hao),適宜動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)棲(qi)息繁衍,但大(da)型(xing)(xing)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)類(lei)(lei)較少。現代青島(dao)地(di)區(qu)(qu)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)脊(ji)椎動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)以小(xiao)型(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)為多(duo)見,已沒有(you)(you)大(da)型(xing)(xing)猛(meng)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)或大(da)型(xing)(xing)草食獸(shou)(shou)(shou)。哺(bu)乳類(lei)(lei)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)松鼠科(ke)(ke)(ke)、倉鼠科(ke)(ke)(ke)、鼠科(ke)(ke)(ke)、兔科(ke)(ke)(ke)、犬科(ke)(ke)(ke)、鼬科(ke)(ke)(ke)、蝙蝠科(ke)(ke)(ke)、猬科(ke)(ke)(ke)等(deng)(deng)(deng);兩棲(qi)類(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)蛙(wa)科(ke)(ke)(ke)、蟾(chan)蜍科(ke)(ke)(ke)、盤舌(she)蟾(chan)科(ke)(ke)(ke)、姬蛙(wa)科(ke)(ke)(ke)等(deng)(deng)(deng);爬行類(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)蜥蜴科(ke)(ke)(ke)、游(you)蛇科(ke)(ke)(ke)、蝰(kui)科(ke)(ke)(ke)、烏龜(gui)、鱉(bie)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。屬于國(guo)家(jia)(jia)一、二類(lei)(lei)保護(hu)的珍稀(xi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)66種,其中一類(lei)(lei)保護(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)52種。特殊(shu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)白沙(sha)河產的仙胎魚。區(qu)(qu)內野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)無脊(ji)椎動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種類(lei)(lei)很多(duo),大(da)致可歸納為森林(lin)昆(kun)蟲(chong)(chong)和農業昆(kun)蟲(chong)(chong)。馴養動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)主要有(you)(you)牛、馬、羊(yang)、豬、狗等(deng)(deng)(deng)家(jia)(jia)畜和雞(ji)、鴨、鵝(e)等(deng)(deng)(deng)家(jia)(jia)禽(qin)。
青(qing)(qing)島地區鳥類(lei)資源豐富。青(qing)(qing)島市鳥類(lei)保(bao)護(hu)環志(zhi)10余(yu)年(nian)來采集標本2000余(yu)號,有19目58科159屬355種,占(zhan)全國鳥類(lei)1200種的(de)29.6%,占(zhan)山東省鳥類(lei)406種的(de)87.4%,其中屬國家(jia)一級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)珍禽(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)11種、二級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)鳥55種。青(qing)(qing)島地區鳥類(lei)主(zhu)要有游禽(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)、涉禽(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)、陸禽(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)、猛禽(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)、攀禽(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)及鳴禽(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)六(liu)大類(lei)。
青(qing)島地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)礦(kuang)(kuang)藏多為非(fei)金屬礦(kuang)(kuang)。截至2007年底,已發現各類礦(kuang)(kuang)產(含亞礦(kuang)(kuang)種(zhong))66種(zhong),占全(quan)省已發現礦(kuang)(kuang)種(zhong)的(de)44%。其中,有(you)(you)探(tan)明(ming)儲量(資源(yuan)量)的(de)礦(kuang)(kuang)產50種(zhong),占全(quan)省已探(tan)明(ming)儲量礦(kuang)(kuang)產的(de)64.1%;未探(tan)明(ming)儲量的(de)礦(kuang)(kuang)產16種(zhong)。已探(tan)明(ming)或查明(ming)各類礦(kuang)(kuang)產地(di)730處(chu)。其中,大中型礦(kuang)(kuang)床39處(chu),小型礦(kuang)(kuang)床129處(chu),礦(kuang)(kuang)點562處(chu)。優勢礦(kuang)(kuang)產資源(yuan)有(you)(you)石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)、飾(shi)材(cai)花(hua)崗巖(yan)、飾(shi)材(cai)大理石(shi)(shi)(shi)、礦(kuang)(kuang)泉水(shui)(shui)、透(tou)輝(hui)巖(yan)、金、滑(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、沸石(shi)(shi)(shi)巖(yan)。潛(qian)(qian)在(zai)(zai)優勢礦(kuang)(kuang)產資源(yuan)有(you)(you)重(zhong)晶石(shi)(shi)(shi)、白云巖(yan)、膨(peng)潤土(tu)、鉀(jia)長石(shi)(shi)(shi)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)英巖(yan)、珍珠石(shi)(shi)(shi)、螢(ying)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、地(di)熱(re)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)、金、透(tou)輝(hui)巖(yan)主(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)平(ping)度市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)萊西市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);飾(shi)材(cai)花(hua)崗巖(yan)主(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)嶗(lao)山(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、平(ping)度市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、黃島區(qu)(qu)(qu);飾(shi)材(cai)大理石(shi)(shi)(shi)主(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)平(ping)度市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);礦(kuang)(kuang)泉水(shui)(shui)在(zai)(zai)轄區(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)均有(you)(you)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu),主(zhu)要(yao)集中在(zai)(zai)城陽(yang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、嶗(lao)山(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)及市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)三區(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)即(ji)墨(mo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);滑(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)主(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)平(ping)度市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);沸石(shi)(shi)(shi)巖(yan)、珍珠巖(yan)、膨(peng)潤土(tu)主(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)萊西市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、膠(jiao)州市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、即(ji)墨(mo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)城陽(yang)區(qu)(qu)(qu);重(zhong)晶石(shi)(shi)(shi)、螢(ying)石(shi)(shi)(shi)主(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)膠(jiao)州市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、即(ji)墨(mo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、平(ping)度市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)黃島區(qu)(qu)(qu);地(di)熱(re)主(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)即(ji)墨(mo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。青(qing)島市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)和(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)礦(kuang)(kuang)保有(you)(you)資源(yuan)儲量居(ju)山(shan)東(dong)省首位,滑(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、透(tou)輝(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)礦(kuang)(kuang)居(ju)全(quan)省第二位,沸石(shi)(shi)(shi)、礦(kuang)(kuang)泉水(shui)(shui)等(deng)儲量也居(ju)前列。除鈾、釷、地(di)熱(re)、天然(ran)鹵水(shui)(shui)、建(jian)筑用砂(sha)、磚瓦用黏土(tu)外(wai),礦(kuang)(kuang)產資源(yuan)保有(you)(you)儲量潛(qian)(qian)在(zai)(zai)總值達270億元。
青島的風能(neng)資源豐富。據測(ce)定有(you)效(xiao)風能(neng)密度為240.3瓦/平(ping)方米,有(you)效(xiao)風能(neng)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均時間達6485小(xiao)(xiao)時。光(guang)能(neng)資源也較(jiao)好,全(quan)年(nian)(nian)太陽輻射總量為500千(qian)焦/平(ping)方厘米,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均日照(zhao)時數為2550.7小(xiao)(xiao)時,日照(zhao)百分率達58%。
市(shi)花(hua):耐冬、月季
市樹:雪松