古箏的尺寸規格
古箏(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)統一規(gui)格為(wei):1.63米,21弦。古箏(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)面板(ban)大多(duo)數采(cai)用河南蘭(lan)考的(de)(de)桐(tong)木(mu)(mu)(mu)制造(zao),框(kuang)架為(wei)白松,箏(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)首(shou)、尾、四周(zhou)側板(ban)有(you)紅木(mu)(mu)(mu)、老(lao)(lao)紅木(mu)(mu)(mu)(緬酸枝(zhi))、金絲楠(nan)木(mu)(mu)(mu)、紫(zi)檀等(deng)名貴(gui)木(mu)(mu)(mu)材,古箏(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)音(yin)質取決于面板(ban)和琴弦,周(zhou)邊(bian)用料對古箏(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)音(yin)色略有(you)改善,以老(lao)(lao)紅木(mu)(mu)(mu)、紫(zi)檀、金絲楠(nan)木(mu)(mu)(mu)為(wei)佳(jia)。早期到近代(dai)也有(you)過12、13、18、23、25弦等(deng),不同地(di)區的(de)(de)箏(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)又有(you)多(duo)種定弦法(fa),箏(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)新種類還(huan)有(you)“蝶式(shi)箏(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)”、“轉調箏(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)”等(deng)。
專(zhuan)業(ye)演奏古(gu)箏的面(mian)板(ban)以通紋為最(zui)(zui)佳,中音(yin)區(qu)(qu)紋理間距(ju)(ju)5-9厘米(mi),高音(yin)與低音(yin)區(qu)(qu)間距(ju)(ju)1.5-2.5厘米(mi)為最(zui)(zui)佳,面(mian)板(ban)厚(hou)(hou)度高中低音(yin)的厚(hou)(hou)度一般為9mm、11mm、10mm,眼(yan)下(xia)面(mian)板(ban)大多數采用弦切工(gong)藝。
古琴與古箏的區別
一、形成年代上的區別:古琴是我國歷史最悠久的彈撥類樂器,形成了3000多年前的,傳說為"伏羲"、"神農"氏所造;古箏則晚得多,形成于秦代,相傳秦時有婉無義者,將瑟(樂器)傳與兩個女子,二女要爭,引破為二,所以稱"秦箏"。
二、形制上的(de)(de)區(qu)別(bie):古(gu)琴(qin)琴(qin)身(shen)以獨木所成(cheng),琴(qin)面系有七根弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),故古(gu)稱(cheng)"七弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)琴(qin)"。琴(qin)弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)由(you)絲絨繩系住,拴(shuan)繞于(yu)弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)軸(zhou)上,屬彈撥(bo)樂類(lei)的(de)(de)"無馬(ma)樂器(qi)";古(gu)箏(zheng)(zheng)則由(you)框板、面板和底板構成(cheng)。最早的(de)(de)箏(zheng)(zheng)為5根弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),戰國末(mo)期發展成(cheng)12弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),隋代13弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),清代16弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),上世紀60年(nian)代為21弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),近年(nian)增加到24-26弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。琴(qin)弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)均勻(yun)排列于(yu)箏(zheng)(zheng)面上,每根弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)均由(you)人(ren)字形的(de)(de)弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)馬(ma)支起,屬于(yu)彈撥(bo)樂類(lei)的(de)(de)"有馬(ma)樂器(qi)"。
三、音域、音色、表現力上的區別:古琴雖只有七根弦(xian)(xian)(xian),但一(yi)弦(xian)(xian)(xian)多(duo)音,其音域(yu)寬(kuan)達(da)四個多(duo)八度,借助面板上的十(shi)三個"琴徵",可(ke)以(yi)(yi)彈奏出(chu)許許多(duo)多(duo)的泛音和(he)按音。音色含蓄(xu)而(er)深沉(chen),古樸而(er)典雅(ya),表現力富有內涵,異常豐富,故(gu)古時被文人雅(ya)士列為(wei)"琴、棋、書(shu)、畫"之(zhi)首(shou);而(er)古箏基本上是一(yi)弦(xian)(xian)(xian)1-2個音,同一(yi)弦(xian)(xian)(xian)中移動(dong)弦(xian)(xian)(xian)馬(柱),可(ke)以(yi)(yi)調作音高,音域(yu)寬(kuan)廣,音量(liang)宏大,音色淳厚優美,悠揚悅耳。
四、曲譜上(shang)的區別(bie): 古(gu)琴(qin)琴(qin)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)自成一格,古(gu)時稱為"文字譜(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)",到了(le)唐朝后稱“減字譜(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)";而古(gu)箏古(gu)時多用"工(gong)尺譜(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)",現今(jin)多用"簡譜(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)"、"五線譜(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)"。
選(xuan)購(gou)古箏(zheng)時千萬不(bu)(bu)要因(yin)為價格便宜,而盲目跟從購(gou)買(mai),選(xuan)擇比較有知名度的品牌,不(bu)(bu)僅(jin)品質有保(bao)(bao)證,售后服務(wu)也有保(bao)(bao)障。當然追(zhui)求品牌的東(dong)西不(bu)(bu)一定就是追(zhui)求價格的昂貴,不(bu)(bu)同的經濟水平(ping)我(wo)們(men)可(ke)以(yi)選(xuan)擇不(bu)(bu)同價位的名牌產品。選(xuan)擇網購(gou)商品的朋友要認準品牌的旗艦店鋪(pu),這(zhe)樣子才能做到萬無(wu)一失(shi)。