手機鋰電池保護板

電(dian)(dian)(dian)池保護(hu)(hu)板(ban)，顧名思義鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池保護(hu)(hu)板(ban)主要是針對可(ke)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)（一般指鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池）起保護(hu)(hu)作用(yong)的(de)集成電(dian)(dian)(dian)路板(ban)。 鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池（可(ke)充(chong)型）之所以(yi)需(xu)要保護(hu)(hu)，是由它本身(shen)特性決定的(de)。由于鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池本身(shen)的(de)材料決定了它不能被過(guo)充(chong)、過(guo)放(fang)、過(guo)流、短路及超高(gao)溫充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，因此鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)組件總(zong)會跟(gen)著(zhu)一塊帶采樣電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻的(de)保護(hu)(hu)板(ban)和(he)一片電(dian)(dian)(dian)流保險器(qi)出現。

定義

鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)保護(hu)功能通常(chang)由保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)板和PTC或TCO等電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)器(qi)件協(xie)同完成，保護(hu)板是(shi)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)組成，在-40℃至(zhi)+85℃的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境下(xia)時(shi)刻準確的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)視電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和充放回路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，即時(shi)控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)回路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)通斷；PTC或TCO在高溫環(huan)境下(xia)防止電(dian)(dian)(dian)池發生惡劣的(de)(de)(de)損壞。

保護(hu)板通(tong)常包(bao)括控(kong)制IC、MOS開關(guan)(guan)、JEPSUN捷比信精密電(dian)(dian)阻及輔助(zhu)器件NTC、ID存儲器,PCB等。其中控(kong)制IC，在一切正常的情況下控(kong)制MOS開關(guan)(guan)導通(tong)，使電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)與外電(dian)(dian)路溝通(tong)，而(er)當電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)電(dian)(dian)壓或回路電(dian)(dian)流超過(guo)規定(ding)值時(shi)，它立(li)刻(ke)（數(shu)十毫秒(miao)）控(kong)制MOS開關(guan)(guan)關(guan)(guan)斷，保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的安全。

NTC是(shi)Negative temperature coefficient的縮寫，意(yi)即負(fu)溫(wen)度系數，在環境溫(wen)度升高時，其(qi)阻值降低，使用電(dian)設備或充電(dian)設備及時反應、控(kong)制內部(bu)中(zhong)斷而停止充放(fang)電(dian)。

ID存儲器常為單線接口存儲器，ID是(shi)Identification 的(de)縮寫(xie)即身份識別的(de)意(yi)思，存儲電池種(zhong)類、生產日期等信息。可(ke)起(qi)到產品(pin)的(de)可(ke)追(zhui)溯和(he)應(ying)用的(de)限制。

PTC是英文Positive Temperature Coefficient的(de)縮寫，意思是正溫(wen)度系數(shu)。專(zhuan)業里(li)面通常把正溫(wen)度系數(shu)器件(jian)簡稱為PTC，電(dian)池(chi)(chi)產品里(li)PTC可以防(fang)止電(dian)池(chi)(chi)高(gao)溫(wen)放電(dian)和不安全的(de)大電(dian)流的(de)發生，根據電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)流密(mi)度特性和應用環境，對(dui)PTC有專(zhuan)門的(de)要求(qiu)。

PTC是(shi)電池(chi)組件產品里一個(ge)非常重(zhong)要的部件，對電池(chi)的安(an)全擔(dan)負著重(zhong)要使(shi)命，它(ta)本身的性(xing)能(neng)和(he)品質也是(shi)電池(chi)組性(xing)能(neng)和(he)品質的一個(ge)重(zhong)要因數。

保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)對單(dan)一電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)時(shi)，保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)設(she)(she)計會相對簡單(dan)，技術性較高(gao)的(de)地方在于，比(bi)如對動力電(dian)(dian)池(chi)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)設(she)(she)計需要(yao)(yao)(yao)注意的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)平(ping)臺問題(ti)，動力電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在使用(yong)(yong)中往(wang)往(wang)被要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)很(hen)大的(de)平(ping)臺電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，所以(yi)設(she)(she)計保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)時(shi)盡量使保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)不影響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)放電(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，這(zhe)樣(yang)對控制IC，精密(mi)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)等(deng)元件的(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)就會很(hen)高(gao)，一般(ban)國產IC能滿足(zu)大多數(shu)產品要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，特(te)殊可(ke)以(yi)采用(yong)(yong)進口產品，電(dian)(dian)流采樣(yang)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)則需要(yao)(yao)(yao)使用(yong)(yong)JEPSUN捷(jie)比(bi)信(xin)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，以(yi)滿足(zu)高(gao)精密(mi)度，低(di)溫(wen)度系數(shu)，無感等(deng)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。對多電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)設(she)(she)計，則有更(geng)高(gao)的(de)技術要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，按照(zhao)不同的(de)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)，設(she)(she)計復雜(za)程度各不相同的(de)產品。

鋰電池保護板功能

1、過(guo)充(chong)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)　2、過(guo)放保(bao)(bao)護(hu)　3、過(guo)流、短路保(bao)(bao)護(hu)

手機電池啟動保護后的解決方法（來源于網絡）：

1、用原配(pei)的直沖在手機上直接充電，會把電池保(bao)護(hu)板的保(bao)護(hu)電路自動(dong)沖開。

2、把電池的正負極瞬間短路，看到電極片(pian)上(shang)有(you)火花就行了，多(duo)試幾次(ci)，然后再用直充充電。

3、找個(ge)5V的直(zhi)流電，用(yong)正負極輕(qing)觸電池的正負極，多試(shi)幾次，再用(yong)原(yuan)充(chong)電器(qi)充(chong)。

原理

電池保護板工作原理

鋰電池(chi)保護板根(gen)據使(shi)用IC,電壓等(deng)不(bu)同而電路及參(can)數有所(suo)不(bu)同,常(chang)用的保護IC有8261，DW01+，CS213，GEM5018等(deng)，其中精工的8261系(xi)列精度更好，當然(ran)價錢也更貴。后(hou)面(mian)幾種(zhong)都是臺灣出的，國內次級(ji)市(shi)場基本都用DW01+和CS213了，下面(mian)以DW01+ 配MOS管8205A（8pin）進行講(jiang)解：

鋰電池保護板其正常工作過程為：

當電(dian)芯電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)在2.5V至4.3V之(zhi)間時(shi)，DW01 的(de)第1腳(jiao)、第3腳(jiao)均輸出高電(dian)平(等于(yu)供(gong)電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya))，第二(er)腳(jiao)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為0V。此(ci)時(shi)DW01 的(de)第1腳(jiao) 、第3腳(jiao)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)將分別(bie)加到(dao)8205A的(de)第5、4腳(jiao)，8205A內的(de)兩(liang)個(ge)電(dian)子開(kai)關因其(qi)G極接到(dao)來自DW01 的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，故均處(chu)于(yu)導通(tong)狀態(tai)，即(ji)兩(liang)個(ge)電(dian)子開(kai)關均處(chu)于(yu)開(kai)狀態(tai)。此(ci)時(shi)電(dian)芯的(de)負極與保護板的(de)P-端(duan)相(xiang)當于(yu)直接連(lian)通(tong)，保護板有電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)輸出。

保護板過放電保護控制原理：

當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)外接的(de)(de)負載進行放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)將(jiang)(jiang)慢慢降低(di)，同時(shi)DW01 內部將(jiang)(jiang)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)R1電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻實(shi)時(shi)監測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下降到約2.3V時(shi)DW01 將(jiang)(jiang)認為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)已處于(yu)過(guo)(guo)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態，便立即斷開第(di)(di)1腳的(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，使第(di)(di)1腳電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)變為0V，8205A內的(de)(de)開關(guan)管因(yin)第(di)(di)5腳無電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)而關(guan)閉。此時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)B-與保(bao)(bao)護板(ban)的(de)(de)P-之間處于(yu)斷開狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態。即電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路被切斷，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)將(jiang)(jiang)停止(zhi)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。保(bao)(bao)護板(ban)處于(yu)過(guo)(guo)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態并一(yi)直保(bao)(bao)持。等(deng)到保(bao)(bao)護板(ban)的(de)(de)P 與P-間接上充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)后，DW01 經B-檢測到充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)后便立即停止(zhi)過(guo)(guo)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態，重(zhong)新在(zai)第(di)(di)1腳輸(shu)出(chu)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，使8205A內的(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制(zhi)管導(dao)通(tong)，即電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)B-與保(bao)(bao)護板(ban)的(de)(de)P-又重(zhong)新接上，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)經充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器直接充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

保護板過充電保護控制原理：

當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池通過充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器正常充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，隨著充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間的(de)增(zeng)加(jia)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)將(jiang)(jiang)越來越高(gao)(gao)，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)升(sheng)高(gao)(gao)到(dao)4.4V時，DW01 將(jiang)(jiang)認為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)已處于(yu)(yu)過充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)狀態(tai)(tai)，便立(li)即(ji)斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)第(di)3腳(jiao)(jiao)的(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，使第(di)3腳(jiao)(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)變為(wei)0V，8205A內(nei)(nei)的(de)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)管因(yin)第(di)4腳(jiao)(jiao)無(wu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)而關(guan)閉。此時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)B-與(yu)(yu)保護板的(de)P-之間處于(yu)(yu)斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)狀態(tai)(tai)。即(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回(hui)路被(bei)切(qie)斷(duan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)將(jiang)(jiang)停止充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。保護板處于(yu)(yu)過充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)(tai)并一直保持。等到(dao)保護板的(de)P 與(yu)(yu)P-間接上放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負(fu)載后，因(yin)此時雖然過充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制開(kai)(kai)關(guan)管關(guan)閉,但其內(nei)(nei)部(bu)的(de)二極管正方(fang)向(xiang)與(yu)(yu)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回(hui)路的(de)方(fang)向(xiang)相(xiang)同,故放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回(hui)路可以(yi)進(jin)行(xing)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)被(bei)放到(dao)低于(yu)(yu)4.3V時，DW01 停止過充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護狀態(tai)(tai)重(zhong)新在第(di)3腳(jiao)(jiao)輸(shu)出高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，使8205A內(nei)(nei)的(de)過充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制管導(dao)通，即(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)B-與(yu)(yu)保護板P-又(you)重(zhong)新接上，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)又(you)能進(jin)行(xing)正常的(de)充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian).

保護板短路保護控制原理：

在(zai)保(bao)護板對(dui)外放(fang)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程中，8205A內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)子開(kai)關(guan)并(bing)(bing)不完(wan)全等效于(yu)兩個(ge)(ge)機械開(kai)關(guan)，而是(shi)(shi)(shi)等效于(yu)兩個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)很(hen)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，并(bing)(bing)稱為8205A的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)導(dao)通(tong)內(nei)阻(zu)(zu)， 每(mei)個(ge)(ge)開(kai)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)導(dao)通(tong)內(nei)阻(zu)(zu)約為30mU 03a9共約為60mU 03a9，加在(zai)G極(ji)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)實際上(shang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)直接(jie)控制每(mei)個(ge)(ge)開(kai)關(guan)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)導(dao)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大小(xiao)當(dang)G極(ji)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)大于(yu)1V時，開(kai)關(guan)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)導(dao)通(tong)內(nei)阻(zu)(zu)很(hen)小(xiao)(幾十毫歐(ou))，相當(dang)于(yu)開(kai)關(guan)閉合，當(dang)G極(ji)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)小(xiao)于(yu)0.7V以(yi)下時，開(kai)關(guan)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)導(dao)通(tong)內(nei)阻(zu)(zu)很(hen)大(幾MΩ)，相當(dang)于(yu)開(kai)關(guan)斷(duan)開(kai)。電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)UA就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)8205A的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)導(dao)通(tong)內(nei)阻(zu)(zu)與(yu)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，負載(zai)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)增(zeng)大則UA必然增(zeng)大,因UA0.006L×IUA又(you)稱為8205A的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)，UA可以(yi)簡接(jie)表明放(fang)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大小(xiao)。上(shang)升到(dao)0.2V時便認為負載(zai)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)到(dao)達了極(ji)限值，于(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)停(ting)止第(di)1腳的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，使第(di)1腳電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)為0V、8205A內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)控制管(guan)關(guan)閉，切斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)芯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)回(hui)路，將(jiang)關(guan)斷(duan)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)控制管(guan)。換言之DW01 允許輸出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最大電(dian)(dian)流(liu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)3.3A，實現了過電(dian)(dian)流(liu)保(bao)護。

短路保護控制過程:

短路保護(hu)是(shi)過電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)保護(hu)的一(yi)種(zhong)極限形式，其控制過程及(ji)原理與(yu)過電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)保護(hu)一(yi)樣(yang)，短路只(zhi)是(shi)在相當(dang)于在P P-間(jian)加上(shang)一(yi)個阻值小的電(dian)(dian)阻(約為0Ω)使保護(hu)板(ban)的負載電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)瞬(shun)時達到(dao)10A以上(shang)，保護(hu)板(ban)立即進行過電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)保護(hu)。

發展前景

由(you)于近幾年(nian)的(de)(de)動力鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)飛速發展(zhan)，無(wu)論是生產(chan)工(gong)藝還是材料技術(shu)改進上，或價格的(de)(de)優勢，都有相(xiang)當(dang)大的(de)(de)突破，因(yin)此(ci)它也(ye)(ye)為多(duo)并多(duo)串打(da)下堅實的(de)(de)基礎。替代鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)時代越來(lai)越近。無(wu)論電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動自行車還是后備電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，它的(de)(de)市場占(zhan)有率自然也(ye)(ye)開(kai)始瘋狂擴(kuo)大，這是不(bu)可否認的(de)(de)事實。那么，為了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)安全與壽(shou)命，鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)有效保護自然也(ye)(ye)少不(bu)了(le)，此(ci)時保護板在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)包內也(ye)(ye)是一個(ge)非常核心的(de)(de)部件之(zhi)一。

理論上(shang)來講，動力多(duo)串電(dian)(dian)池保(bao)護(hu)板已經(jing)(jing)沒有(you)(you)太(tai)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)技術含(han)量(liang)了(le)，比(bi)如(ru)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)軟件處(chu)理，有(you)(you)太(tai)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇。其主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)把(ba)(ba)保(bao)護(hu)部分如(ru)何(he)做(zuo)到(dao)穩定(ding)，可靠，更(geng)安(an)全(quan)(quan)，更(geng)實用，當然價格也是(shi)其中(zhong)之一(yi)。想要(yao)(yao)真正的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)想把(ba)(ba)它(ta)做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)，那(nei)是(shi)一(yi)件非常復雜(za)(za)細心而又漫(man)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輪回(hui)工作(zuo)(zuo)。如(ru)果要(yao)(yao)按經(jing)(jing)驗與(yu)(yu)(yu)技術值的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)比(bi)比(bi)值的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)話，技術只(zhi)占(zhan)20% 。經(jing)(jing)驗要(yao)(yao)占(zhan)到(dao)80% 。做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)動力電(dian)(dian)池保(bao)護(hu)板沒有(you)(you)個(ge)三(san)五年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)驗，還是(shi)有(you)(you)困難的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。當然做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)與(yu)(yu)(yu)能(neng)(neng)做(zuo)是(shi)兩回(hui)事(shi)。為什(shen)么會有(you)(you)這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結論呢(ni)?這(zhe)是(shi)有(you)(you)依據的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。說實話，保(bao)護(hu)板的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方案電(dian)(dian)路(lu)并不復雜(za)(za)，只(zhi)要(yao)(yao)在電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)子(zi)行業(ye)工作(zuo)(zuo)了(le)一(yi)兩年，設計個(ge)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)抄(chao)襲人家(jia)一(yi)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)不是(shi)什(shen)么難事(shi)。比(bi)如(ru)：多(duo)串動力電(dian)(dian)池他主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)壓，大電(dian)(dian)流，高(gao)內阻(zu)工作(zuo)(zuo)(微電(dian)(dian)流)，電(dian)(dian)池包工作(zuo)(zuo)環境的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)考量(liang)等等，這(zhe)都牽(qian)扯到(dao)多(duo)年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)專業(ye)綜(zong)合經(jing)(jing)驗。大到(dao)要(yao)(yao)對整個(ge)PACK的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)了(le)解(jie)，小到(dao)一(yi)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，電(dian)(dian)容或晶體管的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)型,或是(shi)布(bu)板時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)注意(yi)細節。總的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)句話，保(bao)護(hu)板主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)穩定(ding)，可靠，安(an)全(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)池組，保(bao)證(zheng)電(dian)(dian)池組的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正常安(an)全(quan)(quan)使用或使用得更(geng)久(jiu)，其它(ta)添加的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特有(you)(you)技術與(yu)(yu)(yu)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)，都是(shi)浮(fu)云。

主要作用

1.電壓保護(hu)：過(guo)充(chong)，過(guo)放，這(zhe)要根據電池的(de)(de)材料不同(tong)而有所改變，這(zhe)點看(kan)似簡單，但要細(xi)節上(shang)來(lai)看(kan)，還是有經驗學(xue)問的(de)(de)。

過充(chong)(chong)(chong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)，在我們以往的(de)單節電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)都(dou)會高(gao)出電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)飽電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)50~150mV。但是(shi)(shi)動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)不一樣(yang)，如(ru)果你要(yao)想延(yan)長(chang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)壽命(ming)，你的(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)就選(xuan)(xuan)擇電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)飽電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，甚至還要(yao)比此(ci)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)還低(di)些。比如(ru)錳鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，可以選(xuan)(xuan)擇4.18V~4.2V。因為它是(shi)(shi)多串數的(de)，整個電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組的(de)壽命(ming)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)以容(rong)量(liang)(liang)最低(di)的(de)那(nei)顆電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)以準，小(xiao)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)總是(shi)(shi)在大電(dian)(dian)流高(gao)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)工作，所(suo)以衰減加快。而(er)(er)大容(rong)量(liang)(liang)每次都(dou)是(shi)(shi)輕(qing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)輕(qing)放，自然衰減要(yao)慢得(de)多了。為了讓小(xiao)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)也是(shi)(shi)輕(qing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)輕(qing)放，所(suo)以過充(chong)(chong)(chong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)點不要(yao)選(xuan)(xuan)擇太高(gao)。這個保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)延(yan)時可以做到1S,防止脈沖的(de)影響從而(er)(er)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)。

過放保護，也是與電池的材料有關(guan)，如(ru)錳鋰電池(chi)一般(ban)選擇(ze)在2.8V~3.0V。盡量要比它單顆電池(chi)過(guo)放的(de)電壓(ya)稍高點。因為，在國內生產(chan)的(de)電池(chi)，電池(chi)電壓(ya)低于3.3V后，各顆電池(chi)的(de)放電特性完全不一，因此(ci)是提前保護電池(chi)，這(zhe)樣(yang)對電池(chi)的(de)壽命(ming)是一個很好的(de)保護。

總的(de)一(yi)(yi)點就是(shi)盡量讓每一(yi)(yi)顆電池(chi)都工(gong)作(zuo)在輕充(chong)輕放下工(gong)作(zuo)，一(yi)(yi)定是(shi)對(dui)電池(chi)的(de)壽(shou)命是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個幫助(zhu)。

過(guo)放保護延滯(zhi)時(shi)(shi)間，它要(yao)根據負(fu)載的(de)不同而有所改變，比如電(dian)(dian)(dian)動工(gong)具類的(de)，他的(de)啟動電(dian)(dian)(dian)流一般都在(zai)(zai)10C以上，因此會在(zai)(zai)短時(shi)(shi)間內把電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)拉(la)到過(guo)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)點(dian)從而保護。此時(shi)(shi)無法讓(rang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池工(gong)作。這是值(zhi)得注意的(de)地方。

2.電(dian)流(liu)(liu)保護：它主要體現在(zai)工作電(dian)流(liu)(liu)與過電(dian)流(liu)(liu)使(shi)開關MOS斷(duan)開從而保護電(dian)池組或負(fu)載。

MOS管(guan)的(de)(de)損壞主(zhu)要(yao)是溫度急(ji)劇升高(gao)，它的(de)(de)發熱也是電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)大小(xiao)(xiao)及 本身的(de)(de)內(nei)阻來決定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)，當然小(xiao)(xiao)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，對MOS沒(mei)什么影響，但是大電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)呢(ni)，這個(ge)就要(yao)好好做(zuo)些處(chu)理(li)了， 在(zai)通過額定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)時，小(xiao)(xiao)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)10A以(yi)下，我們可以(yi)直接用電(dian)(dian)壓來驅動MOS管(guan)。大電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，一定(ding)(ding)是要(yao)加(jia)驅動，給MOS足夠(gou)大的(de)(de)驅動電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。以(yi)下在(zai)MOS管(guan)驅動有講到

工(gong)作電(dian)流，在(zai)(zai)設計(ji)的(de)時(shi)候，MOS管上不能存在(zai)(zai)超(chao)過0.3W的(de)功率。計(ji)算(suan)工(gong)式：I2*R/N。R為(wei)(wei)MOS的(de)內阻，N為(wei)(wei)MOS的(de)數量(liang)。如果功率超(chao)過，MOS會(hui)產生(sheng)25度以上的(de)溫(wen)升，又(you)因(yin)它們都是(shi)密封的(de),就算(suan)有散熱片，長時(shi)間工(gong)作時(shi)，溫(wen)度還(huan)是(shi)會(hui)上去，因(yin)為(wei)(wei)他沒(mei)地方可散熱。當(dang)然MOS管是(shi)沒(mei)任何(he)問(wen)題，問(wen)題是(shi)他產生(sheng)熱量(liang)會(hui)影響到電(dian)池，畢竟保護(hu)板是(shi)與電(dian)池放在(zai)(zai)一起的(de)。

過流(liu)保護(hu)(最大(da)電(dian)(dian)流(liu))，此項(xiang)是保護(hu)板必不可少的(de)(de)(de)，非常(chang)關(guan)鍵的(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)保護(hu)參數。保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)小(xiao)與MOS的(de)(de)(de)功率息(xi)息(xi)相關(guan)，因此在設計(ji)時，要(yao)盡量給出MOS能(neng)力的(de)(de)(de)余量。在布板的(de)(de)(de)時候，電(dian)(dian)流(liu)檢測(ce)(ce)點一定要(yao)選好位(wei)置(zhi)，不能(neng)只接(jie)通就行，這需要(yao)經驗值。一般建議接(jie)在檢測(ce)(ce)電(dian)(dian)阻的(de)(de)(de)中間端(duan)(duan)。還要(yao)注意(yi)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)檢測(ce)(ce)端(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)干擾(rao)問題，因為它的(de)(de)(de)信號很容易(yi)受到(dao)干擾(rao)。

過流保(bao)護延時，它(ta)也是要根不(bu)同的(de)產品(pin)做相應的(de)調整。在此不(bu)多說了。

3.短路保護：嚴格來(lai)講，他(ta)是一個電壓比較(jiao)型的保護，也就是講是用電壓的比較(jiao)直接關斷(duan)或驅動的，不(bu)要(yao)經過(guo)多余的處理。

短路延時(shi)的(de)設置也(ye)很(hen)關鍵，因為(wei)在我(wo)們的(de)產(chan)品中，輸入濾(lv)波電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)都是(shi)很(hen)大(da)的(de)，在接觸時(shi)第一時(shi)間給電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，此時(shi)就(jiu)相當于電(dian)(dian)(dian)池短路來給電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

4.溫(wen)度(du)保護：一般(ban)在(zai)智(zhi)能電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)上都會(hui)(hui)(hui)用(yong)到，也是(shi)(shi)不(bu)可少的(de)(de)。但往往它的(de)(de)完(wan)美總會(hui)(hui)(hui)帶來另一方(fang)面的(de)(de)不(bu)足。我們主(zhu)要是(shi)(shi)檢(jian)測電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)來斷開總開關來保護電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)本身或(huo)負載(zai)。如(ru)果是(shi)(shi)在(zai)一個(ge)恒(heng)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)環(huan)境條(tiao)件下(xia)，當然不(bu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)有(you)什么問(wen)題。由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)工(gong)作環(huan)境是(shi)(shi)我們不(bu)可控的(de)(de)，太多太復雜的(de)(de)變化(hua)，因此不(bu)好選擇(ze)。如(ru)在(zai)北方(fang)的(de)(de)冬(dong)天，我們定(ding)(ding)在(zai)多少合適?又(you)如(ru)夏天的(de)(de)南方(fang)地區，又(you)定(ding)(ding)多少合適?顯然范圍太寬(kuan)不(bu)可控的(de)(de)因素太多，仁者(zhe)見仁，智(zhi)者(zhe)見智(zhi)的(de)(de)去選擇(ze)了。

5.MOS保護：主要是(shi)MOS的(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)，電(dian)流(liu)與溫度。當(dang)然就(jiu)是(shi)牽扯到MOS管的(de)(de)選型了。MOS的(de)(de)耐壓(ya)當(dang)然要超過電(dian)池組(zu)的(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)，這是(shi)必須(xu)的(de)(de)。電(dian)流(liu)講的(de)(de)是(shi)在通過額定電(dian)流(liu)時MOS管體上的(de)(de)溫升(sheng)了一般不超過25度的(de)(de)溫升(sheng)，個人經驗值，只供參考。

MOS的(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)，也(ye)許會(hui)有(you)的(de)人(ren)會(hui)講，我有(you)用(yong)低內阻大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)MOS管，但為(wei)何還有(you)蠻高的(de)溫度(du)?這是(shi)MOS管的(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)部(bu)分沒有(you)做好，驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)MOS要(yao)有(you)足夠大(da)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，具(ju)體多大(da)的(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，要(yao)根據(ju)功(gong)率MOS管的(de)輸入電(dian)(dian)(dian)容來定(ding)。因(yin)此，一般的(de)過(guo)流(liu)(liu)與短路驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)都不能(neng)用(yong)芯片(pian)直接驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)，一定(ding)要(yao)外加(jia)。在大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(超(chao)(chao)過(guo)50A)工作(zuo)時，一定(ding)要(yao)做到多級多路驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)，才(cai)能(neng)保證MOS的(de)同一時間同一電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)正(zheng)常(chang)打開與關(guan)閉。因(yin)為(wei)MOS管有(you)一個(ge)輸入電(dian)(dian)(dian)容， MOS管功(gong)率,電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)越(yue)大(da)，輸入電(dian)(dian)(dian)容也(ye)就越(yue)大(da)，如果沒有(you)足夠的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，不會(hui)在短時間做出完(wan)整的(de)控制。尤其是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)超(chao)(chao)過(guo)50A時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)設計(ji)上(shang)更(geng)要(yao)細化，一定(ding)要(yao)做到多級多路驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)控制。這樣才(cai)能(neng)保證MOS的(de)正(zheng)常(chang)過(guo)流(liu)(liu)與短路保護。

MOS電(dian)流平衡，主要(yao)(yao)講的(de)是(shi)(shi)多顆(ke)MOS并起來(lai)用時，要(yao)(yao)讓每(mei)一顆(ke)MOS管通過的(de)電(dian)流，打開與關閉時間(jian)都是(shi)(shi)一致(zhi)的(de)。這就要(yao)(yao)在畫板方(fang)面入手了(le)，它們的(de)輸入輸出一定(ding)要(yao)(yao)對稱，一定(ding)要(yao)(yao)保證每(mei)一個管子通過的(de)電(dian)流是(shi)(shi)一致(zhi)這才是(shi)(shi)目的(de)。

6.自(zi)(zi)耗(hao)(hao)電(dian)量, 這(zhe)個參(can)(can)數是(shi)越小越好，最理想(xiang)的(de)(de)狀態是(shi)為(wei)零，但不(bu)可(ke)能做到(dao)這(zhe)一(yi)點。就是(shi)因為(wei)人(ren)人(ren)都想(xiang)把這(zhe)個參(can)(can)數做小，有(you)很(hen)多人(ren)的(de)(de)要求更低，甚至(zhi)離譜，我們想(xiang)想(xiang)，保護板上(shang)有(you)芯片，它們是(shi)要工作的(de)(de)，可(ke)以(yi)做到(dao)很(hen)低，但是(shi)可(ke)靠(kao)性呢?應該是(shi)在性能可(ke)靠(kao)完全OK的(de)(de)情況下(xia)再來考量自(zi)(zi)耗(hao)(hao)電(dian)的(de)(de)問(wen)題。有(you)些朋(peng)友(you)也(ye)許進入了誤區，自(zi)(zi)耗(hao)(hao)電(dian)分為(wei)整體的(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)耗(hao)(hao)電(dian)和每一(yi)串的(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)耗(hao)(hao)電(dian)。

整體自耗電(dian)，如(ru)果在100~500uA都是沒什么問題的(de)，因為動力電(dian)池的(de)容(rong)量本身就很大(da)。當(dang)然(ran)電(dian)動工具(ju)的(de)另外分析。如(ru)5AH的(de)電(dian)池，放電(dian)500uA，要放多久(jiu)，因此對整個電(dian)池組來講是很微弱(ruo)的(de)。

每(mei)(mei)串(chuan)自耗電(dian)(dian)才(cai)最(zui)關(guan)鍵的(de)(de)，這個也不(bu)(bu)可能為零，當(dang)然也是在性能完(wan)全可行情況下(xia)進行，但有一(yi)(yi)(yi)點，每(mei)(mei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)串(chuan)的(de)(de)自耗電(dian)(dian)量一(yi)(yi)(yi)定要一(yi)(yi)(yi)致，一(yi)(yi)(yi)般每(mei)(mei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)串(chuan)的(de)(de)差別不(bu)(bu)能超過5uA。這點大家(jia)應該知道，如果(guo)每(mei)(mei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)串(chuan)的(de)(de)自耗電(dian)(dian)不(bu)(bu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)時(shi)(shi)，那么在長時(shi)(shi)間擱(ge)置下(xia)，電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)容量一(yi)(yi)(yi)定會產生變(bian)化的(de)(de)。

7.均衡：均衡這一(yi)塊是此文章的(de)論述的(de)重點。目(mu)前最通用的(de)均衡方式分為兩種(zhong)，一(yi)種(zhong)就(jiu)是耗(hao)能(neng)式的(de)，另一(yi)種(zhong)就(jiu)是轉能(neng)式的(de)。

A耗(hao)能式均衡，主要(yao)是(shi)把(ba)多串(chuan)電(dian)池中某節電(dian)池的(de)電(dian)量(liang)或電(dian)壓(ya)高的(de)用電(dian)阻(zu)把(ba)多余(yu)的(de)電(dian)能損耗(hao)掉。它(ta)也分如下三種。

一，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時時均(jun)衡，它(ta)主要是在充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時任何(he)一顆(ke)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓高(gao)出所有電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)平(ping)均(jun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時，它(ta)就啟動均(jun)衡，無論電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓在什么范(fan)圍(wei)，它(ta)主要是應用在智能軟件方(fang)案(an)上。當然如何(he)定義可(ke)以由軟件任意調整。此方(fang)案(an)的(de)(de)優點它(ta)能有更多(duo)的(de)(de)時間(jian)去做電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓均(jun)衡。

二，電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)定點均(jun)衡，就(jiu)是把(ba)均(jun)衡啟動定在(zai)一個電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)點上(shang)，如錳鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，很多就(jiu)定在(zai)4.2V開始均(jun)衡。這種(zhong)方式只是在(zai)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)的(de)末端(duan)進行，所以均(jun)衡時間較短，用處可想而知(zhi)。

三，靜態(tai)自動均(jun)衡(heng)，它也可以在充電(dian)(dian)的過程(cheng)中進行(xing)，也可以在放(fang)電(dian)(dian)時進行(xing)，更有特點的是(shi)，電(dian)(dian)池在靜態(tai)擱置時，如果電(dian)(dian)壓不一致時，它也在均(jun)衡(heng)著，直(zhi)到電(dian)(dian)池的電(dian)(dian)壓達到一致。但(dan)有人認為，電(dian)(dian)池都(dou)沒工作了，為什么(me)保(bao)護(hu)板還是(shi)在發熱呢?

以上三(san)種(zhong)方式都以是參(can)考電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)來實現均衡的。但是，電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)高(gao)不一(yi)定代表(biao)容量就高(gao)，也許截然(ran)相反。以下(xia)論述(shu)。

其(qi)優(you)點就是成本低，設計(ji)簡單，在(zai)電(dian)池電(dian)壓(ya)不(bu)一致時能起到一定的(de)(de)作用，主要體現在(zai)電(dian)池長(chang)時間擱置自耗引(yin)起的(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)不(bu)一致。理論上是有微弱的(de)(de)可(ke)行性(xing)。

缺點，電(dian)路(lu)復雜，元件多，溫(wen)度高(gao)，防靜電(dian)差，故障率(lv)高(gao)。

具體探討如下。

當新單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)體(ti)(ti)電(dian)池分容(rong)(rong)分壓(ya)分內(nei)阻過后(hou)組成PACK，總會有各別的(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)體(ti)(ti)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)偏低，而(er)往往容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)最(zui)低的(de)(de)那顆單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)體(ti)(ti)，在充(chong)電(dian)的(de)(de)過程中(zhong)電(dian)壓(ya)一(yi)定是(shi)上升最(zui)快的(de)(de)，也是(shi)它最(zui)先到達啟(qi)動(dong)均(jun)衡電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)，此(ci)時，大(da)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)體(ti)(ti)還(huan)沒達到電(dian)壓(ya)點而(er)沒有啟(qi)動(dong)均(jun)衡，小容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)確開(kai)始均(jun)衡了，這樣每一(yi)次的(de)(de)循環工作，這顆小容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)體(ti)(ti)一(yi)直處于飽充(chong)飽放的(de)(de)狀態下工作，而(er)它也是(shi)衰老最(zui)快的(de)(de)，同時內(nei)阻自然也會慢(man)慢(man)的(de)(de)比其(qi)它的(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)體(ti)(ti)增(zeng)高，從而(er)形成一(yi)個惡性循環。這是(shi)一(yi)個極大(da)的(de)(de)弊端。

元件(jian)越多，故障率自然(ran)就(jiu)高了(le)。

溫(wen)度(du)，可(ke)想(xiang)(xiang)而知，耗(hao)能式的(de)，是(shi)(shi)想(xiang)(xiang)把所(suo)謂多余的(de)電量用電阻以(yi)發熱(re)的(de)形式來耗(hao)掉多余的(de)電能，它(ta)確成了名副(fu)其(qi)實發熱(re)源。而高溫(wen)對電芯本身來講(jiang)是(shi)(shi)非常致命(ming)的(de)一個(ge)(ge)(ge)相當(dang)因(yin)素，它(ta)可(ke)能會讓電池燃燒，也可(ke)能會引起電池爆炸。本來我們是(shi)(shi)在想(xiang)(xiang)盡一切辦法(fa)去減少整個(ge)(ge)(ge)電池包的(de)溫(wen)度(du)產生，而耗(hao)能均衡呢?同(tong)時(shi)它(ta)的(de)溫(wen)度(du)高得驚人，大家可(ke)以(yi)去測試(shi)一下，當(dang)然是(shi)(shi)在全(quan)封閉(bi)的(de)環(huan)境下。總的(de)來說，它(ta)是(shi)(shi)一個(ge)(ge)(ge)發熱(re)體(ti)，熱(re)是(shi)(shi)電池的(de)致命(ming)天敵。

靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)，我(wo)個人設計保護板(ban)時，從來不(bu)用(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)功率的(de)(de)MOS管，哪(na)怕(pa)一(yi)顆都(dou)不(bu)用(yong)。因(yin)為本(ben)人在這(zhe)一(yi)塊(kuai)吃過太(tai)多的(de)(de)虧了(le)。就(jiu)是(shi)MOS管的(de)(de)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)問題。先不(bu)說小(xiao)(xiao)MOS在工作的(de)(de)環境，就(jiu)說在生產加工PCBA貼片時，如果(guo)車(che)間(jian)的(de)(de)濕度(du)低于60%，小(xiao)(xiao)MOS生產出來的(de)(de)不(bu)良率都(dou)會(hui)超(chao)過10%以上，然后再濕度(du)調到80%。小(xiao)(xiao)MOS的(de)(de)不(bu)良率為零。可以試(shi)試(shi)。這(zhe)要表明(ming)一(yi)個什么問題呢?如果(guo)我(wo)們(men)的(de)(de)產品在北方的(de)(de)冬(dong)天，小(xiao)(xiao)MOS是(shi)否能通(tong)過，這(zhe)需要時間(jian)來驗證的(de)(de)。再有，MOS管的(de)(de)損壞只有短(duan)路，如果(guo)短(duan)路那(nei)可想而知，就(jiu)意味著這(zhe)組電(dian)(dian)池(chi)馬上要損壞。更何況我(wo)們(men)的(de)(de)均衡(heng)上的(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)MOS用(yong)得還不(bu)少呢。這(zhe)時有人會(hui)恍然，難怪退回來的(de)(de)貨，都(dou)是(shi)因(yin)為均衡(heng)壞掉而引(yin)起單體(ti)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)損壞，而且都(dou)是(shi)MOS壞掉了(le)。這(zhe)時電(dian)(dian)芯廠與保護板(ban)廠開始扯皮(pi)了(le)。是(shi)誰的(de)(de)錯呢?

B能(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)轉移式均衡，它是(shi)讓大(da)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)以(yi)儲能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式轉移到小(xiao)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，聽起(qi)來感覺(jue)很智能(neng)很實用。它也(ye)分(fen)(fen)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)時時均衡與(yu)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)定點(dian)均衡。它是(shi)以(yi)檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)來做均衡的(de)(de)(de)(de)，但(dan)是(shi)好像沒考慮到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。可以(yi)想(xiang)想(xiang)，以(yi)10AH的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)為例，假如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)中有(you)一(yi)顆容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)在(zai)10.1AH，一(yi)顆容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)小(xiao)點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)在(zai)9.8AH，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)為2A，能(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)均衡電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)為0.5A。這時10.1AH的(de)(de)(de)(de)要給(gei)小(xiao)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)9.8AH的(de)(de)(de)(de)轉能(neng)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，而(er)9.8AH的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)就是(shi)2A+0.5A=2.5A，這時9.8AH電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)就是(shi)2.5A，這時9.8AH的(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)補進(jin)去(qu)了(le)，可是(shi)9.8AH電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)會(hui)是(shi)多(duo)少呢?顯然會(hui)比其它電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)上升得更(geng)快，如果到了(le)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)末(mo)端，9.8AH的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)定會(hui)大(da)大(da)提前過充(chong)保護，在(zai)每一(yi)次的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環，小(xiao)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)一(yi)直(zhi)處在(zai)深(shen)充(chong)深(shen)放(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)狀態(tai)。而(er)其它電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)是(shi)否有(you)充(chong)飽，不(bu)(bu)確定因素太(tai)多(duo)。微弱(ruo)直(zhi)觀(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)就小(xiao)分(fen)(fen)析到這，分(fen)(fen)析太(tai)多(duo)怕不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)所云。

其它相關

如果堅(jian)持要用(yong)到均(jun)衡(heng)功能的(de)(de)人(ren)，我可以斷定(ding)此人(ren)沒有(you)大(da)批量(liang)(liang)生產(chan)(chan)動(dong)力(li)電(dian)池保護(hu)(hu)(hu)板(ban)或PACK的(de)(de)經驗。如果有(you)大(da)批量(liang)(liang)生產(chan)(chan)過(guo)，他一定(ding)會在(zai)均(jun)衡(heng)上吃(chi)不(bu)少的(de)(de)虧。個人(ren)認(ren)為(wei)，均(jun)衡(heng)利(li)用(yong)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)板(ban)來實現(xian)，有(you)點滑稽(ji)。因為(wei)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)板(ban)就是保護(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)，它只做電(dian)池在(zai)最極端的(de)(de)時候起(qi)到有(you)效的(de)(de)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)作用(yong)，它沒有(you)能力(li)去(qu)把(ba)電(dian)池的(de)(de)性(xing)能提高，保護(hu)(hu)(hu)板(ban)只是一個被動(dong)部分，難道家(jia)里的(de)(de)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)絲或保護(hu)(hu)(hu)開關(guan)能提高家(jia)里的(de)(de)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)？當(dang)然不(bu)可能。它只起(qi)到保護(hu)(hu)(hu)作用(yong)。

電芯

電(dian)芯才(cai)是(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)動(dong)器件,我們要提高的(de)(de)是(shi)電(dian)芯上(shang)的(de)(de)性能(neng)與技術(shu),主(zhu)(zhu)要是(shi)一致性。再說均(jun)衡做(zuo)在(zai)(zai)保護板上(shang)，不管是(shi)從理論(lun)上(shang)還是(shi)實(shi)際應用中(zhong)，它有(you)弊有(you)利，但在(zai)(zai)理論(lun)上(shang)，均(jun)衡有(you)一定的(de)(de)作用，但用處(chu)多大(da)，顯然(ran)可見。為(wei)何？因為(wei)充電(dian)一般都是(shi)在(zai)(zai)2~10A的(de)(de)電(dian)流，而均(jun)衡我們最(zui)多只能(neng)做(zuo)到(dao)200mA。這個差別(bie)太多，同時有(you)些均(jun)衡方案是(shi)在(zai)(zai)充電(dian)電(dian)壓的(de)(de)末端(duan)啟動(dong)，更顯得于(yu)事無補啊。而它有(you)弊端(duan)的(de)(de)一面，太多太多。

端口

VDD是IC電源正極，VSS是電源負極，V-是過流/短路檢測端，Dout是放電保護執行端，Cout是充電保護執行端。2，保護板端口說明：B+，B-分別是接電芯正極,負極：P+，P-分別是保護板輸出的正極，負極；T為溫度電阻(NTC)端口，一般需要和用電器的MCU配合產生保護動作,后面會介紹，這個端口有時也標為ID，意即身份識別端口，這時，R3一般為固定阻值的電阻，讓用電器的CPU辨別是否為指定的電池。

1、輸出負(fu)極(ji)、充(chong)電負(fu)極(ji)、電池(chi)負(fu)極(ji)、必須(xu)按順序(xu)接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)，不(bu)要(yao)反接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)以免燒壞電路(lu)元(yuan)件

2、充電線(xian)(xian)(xian)，放電線(xian)(xian)(xian)，電池(chi)負極。盡量用粗線(xian)(xian)(xian)，否則會通不過大電流，會起(qi)到過流保(bao)護，造成電路不工作

3、電池正極(ji)輸出不用經(jing)過保護電路，直接連接輸出。