一、什么是汽車電機控制器

汽(qi)車(che)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)控制(zhi)器是控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)驅動整車(che)行駛的(de)控制(zhi)單(dan)元(yuan)，屬于電(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)核心零部件。電(dian)(dian)機(ji)控制(zhi)器具有CAN通訊(xun)功(gong)(gong)能、過流保(bao)(bao)護(hu)、過載(zai)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)、欠(qian)壓(ya)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)、過壓(ya)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)、缺相(xiang)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)、能量(liang)回饋、限功(gong)(gong)率(lv)、高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)互(hu)鎖、故障上(shang)報等(deng)功(gong)(gong)能。電(dian)(dian)機(ji)控制(zhi)器技術目前比較成熟(shu)，它具有集成度高(gao)(gao)、功(gong)(gong)率(lv)密度高(gao)(gao)、壽(shou)命(ming)長、輸出穩定等(deng)特(te)點(dian)。

二、電機控制器的組成部分

1、電子控制模塊

是包括硬(ying)件(jian)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)和相應(ying)的控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)軟(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)的統(tong)稱(cheng)。硬(ying)件(jian)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)主要包括微處理(li)器及其最小系統(tong)、對電(dian)(dian)機(ji)電(dian)(dian)流，電(dian)(dian)壓，轉速，溫度等狀態的監測電(dian)(dian)路(lu)、各種硬(ying)件(jian)保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)路(lu)，以及與(yu)整(zheng)車控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器、電(dian)(dian)池管理(li)系統(tong)等外(wai)部控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)單元數(shu)據(ju)交互的通信電(dian)(dian)路(lu)。控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)軟(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)根據(ju)不同類型電(dian)(dian)機(ji)的特(te)點實現相應(ying)的控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)算法。

2、驅動器

可以將(jiang)微控制(zhi)(zhi)器對電(dian)機(ji)的(de)控制(zhi)(zhi)信號(hao)轉換(huan)為驅(qu)動功率變換(huan)器的(de)驅(qu)動信號(hao)，并隔離功率信號(hao)和(he)控制(zhi)(zhi)信號(hao)。

3、功率變換模塊

起(qi)到對(dui)電機(ji)電流進行控(kong)制的(de)作用。電動(dong)汽車經常使用的(de)功率器件有大功率晶體管、門極(ji)可關斷(duan)晶閘(zha)管、功率場效應管、絕緣柵雙極(ji)晶體管以及智(zhi)能功率模塊等。

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三、電動汽車電機控制器的作用

1、降低電(dian)(dian)機(ji)控制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)靜態功(gong)耗。電(dian)(dian)機(ji)控制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)具備IGBT結溫估算(suan)、變(bian)載頻和(he)過調制(zhi)(zhi)技術(shu)，系統效(xiao)率高、動力強、可靠性高，具有CAN喚醒和(he)休眠功(gong)能，避免蓄電(dian)(dian)池饋電(dian)(dian)。

2、電(dian)機控(kong)制器(qi)具(ju)備(bei)制動(dong)(dong)(dong)回饋功能，當(dang)整車剎車制動(dong)(dong)(dong)時，電(dian)機控(kong)制器(qi)通過制動(dong)(dong)(dong)回饋將電(dian)能存(cun)在動(dong)(dong)(dong)力電(dian)池中(zhong)，提高續航里程(cheng)。

3、汽車(che)電(dian)機的放流坡(po)功(gong)能是(shi)為了避免有坡(po)道起步時，當(dang)制動踏板向油門(men)踏板切換的過程(cheng)中車(che)輛(liang)后(hou)(hou)溜(liu)，當(dang)發(fa)現車(che)輛(liang)后(hou)(hou)溜(liu)時，電(dian)機控制器進入防溜(liu)坡(po)轉態，控制器自動調整轉矩輸出客服車(che)輛(liang)因重(zhong)力引(yin)起的后(hou)(hou)溜(liu)。

4、電(dian)機(ji)控(kong)制器(qi)還(huan)具備定(ding)速(su)巡航功能，在不踩油門踏(ta)板的情況(kuang)下，電(dian)機(ji)控(kong)制器(qi)可(ke)輸(shu)出力(li)矩自動按照VCU設定(ding)車速(su)，保(bao)持(chi)車輛以(yi)固定(ding)的速(su)度行(xing)駛，以(yi)節(jie)省駕(jia)駛員體(ti)力(li)，提(ti)高駕(jia)駛體(ti)驗。

5、防抖功能，可以根(gen)據(ju)客戶(hu)的需求增加整車防抖功能，保證車輛(liang)的舒適(shi)性。

四、純電動汽車電機控制器工作原理是什么

電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)在驅動(dong)汽(qi)車工作(zuo)(zuo)過程中，電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)在促使電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)工作(zuo)(zuo)。電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)是(shi)由逆變(bian)(bian)器(qi)和控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)兩部分組成(cheng)。其中逆變(bian)(bian)器(qi)接收電(dian)(dian)池輸(shu)送過來的直流電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)，逆變(bian)(bian)成(cheng)三相交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)給汽(qi)車電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)提供電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，其次控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)接受電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)轉速(su)(su)等信號反饋到(dao)儀(yi)表，當發生(sheng)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)或者加速(su)(su)行為時，控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)變(bian)(bian)頻器(qi)頻率的升(sheng)降，從(cong)而達(da)到(dao)加速(su)(su)或者減(jian)速(su)(su)的目(mu)的。