【交(jiao)流繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)】交(jiao)流繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)原理 交(jiao)流繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)能在直流下用嗎 交(jiao)流繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)特(te)點
交流電磁繼電器的工(gong)作(zuo)原理(li)和(he)(he)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)磁(ci)繼(ji)電(dian)器基(ji)本相(xiang)同,交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)磁(ci)繼(ji)電(dian)器工(gong)作(zuo)在交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)路中,當交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)流(liu)通(tong)過(guo)線(xian)圈時,在鐵(tie)芯中產(chan)生交(jiao)變磁(ci)通(tong),由(you)于牽引(yin)力(電(dian)磁(ci)吸(xi)力)是和(he)(he)磁(ci)通(tong)φ的平方成正比,所以當電(dian)流(liu)改(gai)變方向時,牽引(yin)力并不改(gai)變方向,永遠(yuan)朝一個方向將銜鐵(tie)吸(xi)向鐵(tie)芯。
但是由于交(jiao)變的電流(liu)在鐵(tie)芯中產生交(jiao)變的磁通,所(suo)以交(jiao)流(liu)電磁繼電器在特性和結構上有它(ta)特殊的地方。
一、交流繼電器的原理是什么?
它由(you)磁(ci)路部分(fen)(fen)、接(jie)觸部分(fen)(fen)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng),其中(zhong)磁(ci)路部分(fen)(fen)由(you)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯、銜(xian)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)、軛(e)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)、短路環、線圈和拉簧等組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng),特征(zheng)是線圈與軛(e)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)之(zhi)間安裝(zhuang)有套在鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯上的側板,且側板與鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯、軛(e)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)接(jie)觸良好。本實用新型由(you)于(yu)在原(yuan)有繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)的基礎上增(zeng)加一只純銅制成(cheng)(cheng)的側板,側板就可以對電(dian)磁(ci)系統中(zhong)的漏磁(ci)進行短路,減少(shao)了渦流損耗,大(da)幅(fu)降低了繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)線圈過(guo)負載時的交流尾(wei)聲,減少(shao)了繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)對其它電(dian)子(zi)設備(bei)的干擾,提高了觸點的接(jie)觸可靠性。
二、交流繼電器的結構
交(jiao)(jiao)流繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器的(de)線圈(quan)較短,而且線徑較粗(cu),主要是因(yin)為線圈(quan)通以交(jiao)(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)后,電(dian)(dian)抗較大,線徑粗(cu)可(ke)以減(jian)(jian)小內(nei)阻,減(jian)(jian)少(shao)發(fa)熱量,另外由于交(jiao)(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)過零(ling)時(shi)(shi)會造(zao)成線圈(quan)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)力減(jian)(jian)少(shao),吸合(he)(he)不牢,產生(sheng)振動現象,所(suo)以在(zai)磁(ci)鐵吸合(he)(he)面的(de)部分加短路環,在(zai)磁(ci)場(chang)發(fa)生(sheng)變(bian)化(hua)時(shi)(shi),在(zai)短路環時(shi)(shi)形成渦流,進而形成與(yu)磁(ci)場(chang)變(bian)化(hua)方(fang)向相反的(de)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)力,滯后磁(ci)場(chang)變(bian)化(hua),使電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)鐵可(ke)以較好吸合(he)(he)。
三、交流繼電器的特點
1、由(you)于交(jiao)流電(dian)磁(ci)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)器通入的電(dian)流是(shi)變化(hua)(hua)的交(jiao)流電(dian),使其磁(ci)路中的磁(ci)通也(ye)隨著(zhu)交(jiao)替變化(hua)(hua)(正(zheng)弦(xian)規律(lv)而(er)不(bu)是(shi)直線規律(lv))。銜鐵(tie)所受的吸(xi)力(li)是(shi)在0與最大值之(zhi)間變化(hua)(hua)的,因此交(jiao)流電(dian)磁(ci)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)器的吸(xi)力(li)是(shi)脈動(dong)的,變化(hua)(hua)頻(pin)率是(shi)交(jiao)流頻(pin)率的兩倍,這(zhe)種(zhong)脈動(dong)的吸(xi)力(li)將使銜鐵(tie)發生顫動(dong),因此在結構上要采取措(cuo)施來消(xiao)除(chu)顫動(dong),影響(xiang)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)器的壽命(ming)。
2、由于交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)源通(tong)過鐵(tie)芯(xin)時(shi),產生交(jiao)變的(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)通(tong),使鐵(tie)芯(xin)中(zhong)產生渦流(liu)(liu),而渦流(liu)(liu)產生的(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)場與原磁(ci)(ci)通(tong)方向相反,使一部分(fen)磁(ci)(ci)通(tong)變成漏磁(ci)(ci)通(tong)而損失(shi)(shi)掉,造成磁(ci)(ci)損失(shi)(shi),為(wei)了(le)減(jian)小(xiao)這些損失(shi)(shi),交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)繼電(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)鐵(tie)芯(xin)一般(ban)采(cai)用(yong)硅(gui)鋼(gang)片疊(die)成為(wei)減(jian)少(shao)磁(ci)(ci)損和渦流(liu)(liu)損失(shi)(shi),交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)繼電(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)鐵(tie)芯(xin)采(cai)用(yong)硅(gui)鋼(gang)片疊(die)成。
3、另外,直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)只有在接(jie)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源或切斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源瞬間有反(fan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)勢存在,穩(wen)定狀態下,通過線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)只由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)決(jue)定,而交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi),即使是在穩(wen)定的(de)情況下,也(ye)存在著反(fan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)勢,因(yin)此交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)主要(yao)不是由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)決(jue)定,而是由(you)線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)的(de)感(gan)抗(kang)來決(jue)定,這就說明在計算交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路時,必須(xu)考慮線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)由(you)線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)(感(gan)抗(kang))決(jue)定。
四、交流繼電器能在直流下用嗎?
交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)固態繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器在直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)上(shang)是不(bu)能應用的(de)(de)。真是沒必要去(qu)嘗試,因為(wei)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)參數均比直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)參數大,不(bu)是一個領域上(shang)的(de)(de)應運(yun),直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)無法引起交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)各操(cao)作性能。
五、直流繼電器和交流繼電器的區別是什么?
直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)和交流(liu)(liu)(liu)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)的工作原理(li)一樣(yang)都是根據電(dian)磁原理(li)沒有區別,但直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)的電(dian)源(yuan)必(bi)須(xu)(xu)是直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian),交流(liu)(liu)(liu)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)的電(dian)源(yuan)必(bi)須(xu)(xu)是交流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)源(yuan)。直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)線(xian)圈(quan)的直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)很(hen)大(da),線(xian)圈(quan)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)大(da)小等于電(dian)壓除(chu)以線(xian)圈(quan)的直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)阻(zu),所以線(xian)圈(quan)導線(xian)細(xi)而且匝數(shu)很(hen)多。
交流繼電器線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈匝數相(xiang)(xiang)應較(jiao)少,因為交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)路(lu)里(li)限(xian)(xian)制(zhi)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)除了(le)線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈電(dian)阻以(yi)外限(xian)(xian)制(zhi)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)大小主要是線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈感抗(kang)(kang),感抗(kang)(kang)xl的(de)(de)大小與(yu)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)的(de)(de)頻率成(cheng)正比,如果將交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)器接在(zai)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)路(lu)里(li)由于直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)的(de)(de)頻率等于零所(suo)以(yi)感抗(kang)(kang)XL=0,而線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈的(de)(de)內阻又很(hen)小所(suo)以(yi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈會(hui)發熱而燒毀。相(xiang)(xiang)反(fan)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)器接到交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)源時會(hui)因線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈的(de)(de)內阻很(hen)大和(he)出(chu)現很(hen)大感抗(kang)(kang)會(hui)造(zao)成(cheng)線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈吸(xi)合不上,所(suo)以(yi)不能互(hu)換。