電動汽車蓄電池容量一般是多少

一(yi)般(ban)家(jia)用汽(qi)車電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)54-60Ah之間(jian)，汽(qi)車電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)表(biao)示(shi)在(zai)一(yi)定(ding)條(tiao)件下(xia)（放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)率、溫度(du)、終(zhong)止電(dian)(dian)壓等）電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)放(fang)(fang)出的(de)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。一(yi)般(ban)汽(qi)車電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)的(de)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)單位為(wei)(wei)Ah，例(li)(li)如(ru)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)60Ah的(de)電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)如(ru)果連續放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流為(wei)(wei)1A，那么它可連續放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)60小(xiao)時。基于(yu)國(guo)家(jia)GB標準，以型(xing)號為(wei)(wei)6-QAW-54a的(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)為(wei)(wei)例(li)(li)：

1、6表示由6個單(dan)格電池(chi)組成(cheng)，每個單(dan)格電池(chi)電壓為2V，即額(e)定電壓為12V。

2、Q表示蓄(xu)電(dian)池的用(yong)途，Q為汽車啟動用(yong)蓄(xu)電(dian)池。

3、A表示干荷型蓄電池。

4、W表(biao)示免維護型蓄電池(chi)，若不(bu)標表(biao)示普(pu)通型蓄電池(chi)。

5、54：表(biao)示蓄電池的額(e)定容量為(wei)54Ah。

6、角標(biao)a：表示對原產品的第一次改(gai)進。

7、角標b表示第(di)二(er)次改進，依次類推。

8、注：型號后加D表示低溫啟(qi)動性能好，如(ru)6-QA-110D。

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電動汽車蓄電池性能參數

1、電動勢

電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)(dian)動勢(shi)，又稱電(dian)(dian)池(chi)標準電(dian)(dian)壓或理論(lun)電(dian)(dian)壓，為電(dian)(dian)池(chi)斷路時(shi)正負兩極間的電(dian)(dian)位差。

2、額定電壓

額定電(dian)壓(ya)(或(huo)公(gong)稱電(dian)壓(ya))，系指該電(dian)化學體系的電(dian)池工作(zuo)時公(gong)認的標準電(dian)壓(ya)。

3、開路電壓

電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)開路(lu)(lu)電(dian)壓(ya)是(shi)無負荷情況(kuang)下的(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓(ya)。開路(lu)(lu)電(dian)壓(ya)不等于電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)動勢(shi)。必(bi)須指出(chu)，電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)動勢(shi)是(shi)從熱(re)力學函(han)數計算(suan)而得到的(de)(de)，而電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)開路(lu)(lu)電(dian)壓(ya)則是(shi)實際測量出(chu)來的(de)(de)。

4、工作電壓

指蓄電池在某負載下實(shi)際的放電電壓，通常是指一個電壓范圍。

5、充電電壓

指外(wai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。一般(ban)的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)要大于電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的開路電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，通常在一定的范(fan)圍內。

6、內阻

蓄電(dian)池(chi)的內阻(zu)(zu)包括：正負極(ji)板(ban)的電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，電(dian)解液的電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，隔(ge)板(ban)的電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)和(he)連接(jie)體的電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)等(deng)。

7、正負極電阻

目前(qian)普遍使用的鉛酸蓄(xu)電池(chi)正(zheng)、負極(ji)板(ban)(ban)為(wei)涂(tu)膏式，由(you)鉛銻合金(jin)或鉛鈣合金(jin)板(ban)(ban)柵(zha)架和活性(xing)(xing)物質兩部分構成(cheng)。因(yin)此，極(ji)板(ban)(ban)電阻也由(you)板(ban)(ban)柵(zha)電阻和活性(xing)(xing)物質電阻組(zu)成(cheng)。板(ban)(ban)柵(zha)在(zai)活性(xing)(xing)物質內層，充放電時，不會發生化(hua)(hua)學變化(hua)(hua)，所以它(ta)的電阻是板(ban)(ban)柵(zha)的固有電阻。活性(xing)(xing)物質的電阻是隨著電池(chi)充放電狀態的不同而變化(hua)(hua)的。

8、電解液電阻

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)視其濃(nong)度(du)不同而異。在規定(ding)的濃(nong)度(du)范圍內(nei)一旦選定(ding)某一濃(nong)度(du)后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)將隨充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)程(cheng)度(du)而變。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，在極板(ban)活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)質還原的同時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液濃(nong)度(du)增(zeng)(zeng)加，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)下降；蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，在極板(ban)活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)質硫酸化的同時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液濃(nong)度(du)下降，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)增(zeng)(zeng)加。

9、隔板電阻

隔(ge)(ge)(ge)板的電阻(zu)視(shi)其(qi)孔率而異，新電池的隔(ge)(ge)(ge)板電阻(zu)是(shi)趨于一個固定值，但隨電池運行(xing)時間的延長，其(qi)電阻(zu)有所增加(jia)(jia)。因為，電池在運行(xing)過程中有些(xie)鉛渣和其(qi)他沉積物在隔(ge)(ge)(ge)板上，使得(de)隔(ge)(ge)(ge)板孔率有所下降而增加(jia)(jia)了電阻(zu)。

10、連接體電阻

連(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)體(ti)包括(kuo)單體(ti)電(dian)池串(chuan)聯(lian)時連(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)條等金屬(shu)的固有電(dian)阻，電(dian)池極板間的連(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)電(dian)阻，以及正、負極板組成極群(qun)的連(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)體(ti)的金屬(shu)電(dian)阻，若焊接(jie)(jie)(jie)和連(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸良好，連(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)體(ti)電(dian)阻可(ke)視為一固定電(dian)阻。

11、容量

電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)容量單位為庫侖(lun)(C)或安時(Ah)。理論容量指(zhi)(zhi)根據參加電(dian)化學(xue)反應(ying)的(de)(de)活性物質電(dian)化學(xue)當(dang)量數計算得到的(de)(de)電(dian)量。額定(ding)容量指(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)設(she)計和生產電(dian)池(chi)時，規定(ding)或保證(zheng)在(zai)指(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)放(fang)電(dian)條件下(xia)電(dian)池(chi)應(ying)該放(fang)出的(de)(de)最低限度(du)的(de)(de)電(dian)量。實際容量指(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)一定(ding)的(de)(de)放(fang)電(dian)條件下(xia)，即在(zai)一定(ding)的(de)(de)放(fang)電(dian)電(dian)流和溫(wen)度(du)下(xia)，電(dian)池(chi)在(zai)終止(zhi)電(dian)壓前所能放(fang)出的(de)(de)電(dian)量。

12、比能量

電池的輸出能量是指在一定的放電條件下，蓄電池所能(neng)作出的(de)(de)電(dian)功，它等于電(dian)池的(de)(de)放電(dian)容(rong)量和電(dian)池平(ping)均工作電(dian)壓的(de)(de)乘積，其單位常用瓦時(Wh)表示。

13、壽命

電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)有“干貯(zhu)存壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)”和“濕貯(zhu)存壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)”兩個概念。必(bi)須指出(chu)，這兩個概念僅是(shi)針對電(dian)池(chi)(chi)自放(fang)電(dian)大(da)小而言(yan)的(de)，并(bing)非電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)使(shi)用(yong)期限。電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)真(zhen)正壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)是(shi)指電(dian)池(chi)(chi)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)時(shi)間長短(duan)。