行政區劃

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泉州市截(jie)至2017年，轄(xia)鯉(li)城(cheng)區、豐澤(ze)區、洛(luo)江區、泉港區4個區及(ji)惠安縣(xian)(xian)、安溪(xi)縣(xian)(xian)、永春縣(xian)(xian)、德(de)化縣(xian)(xian)、金門縣(xian)(xian)（待(dai)統一(yi)）5個縣(xian)(xian)，代管晉江市(shi)(shi)、石獅市(shi)(shi)、南安市(shi)(shi)3個縣(xian)(xian)級市(shi)(shi)。 市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)府駐地東海街道海星街市(shi)(shi)行政(zheng)服務中心。

地理環境

位置境域

泉州(zhou)位于東經117°25′—119°05′，北緯24°30′—25°56′，地(di)(di)處福建省東南沿海(hai)(hai)(hai)、臺(tai)灣海(hai)(hai)(hai)峽西岸，離臺(tai)灣最近處僅距97海(hai)(hai)(hai)里(li)，距金(jin)門最近處僅5.61海(hai)(hai)(hai)里(li)，東西寬153千(qian)米(mi)，南北長157千(qian)米(mi)，陸(lu)域面積11014.78平方千(qian)米(mi)（包括金(jin)門島(dao)），約(yue)占全省陸(lu)地(di)(di)面積的9.08%。

地形地貌

泉州市大地(di)構造(zao)位于華南(nan)(nan)褶皺系的(de)東(dong)南(nan)(nan)部(bu)，閩(min)東(dong)火(huo)山斷拗帶(dai)的(de)中南(nan)(nan)段(duan)。構造(zao)帶(dai)均(jun)呈北(bei)東(dong)—南(nan)(nan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)展(zhan)(zhan)布。境內五(wu)分之四以上的(de)面積分布為(wei)中生代火(huo)山巖系和侵入巖，兩者出露面積約(yue)各占一半，從(cong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)往東(dong)南(nan)(nan)侵入巖分布面積增多成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)主(zhu)體。閩(min)中大山帶(dai)中段(duan)戴云(yun)山脈(mo)(mo)主(zhu)干呈北(bei)東(dong)—南(nan)(nan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)展(zhan)(zhan)布，橫臥西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)部(bu)德化(hua)境內，規模龐大，主(zhu)峰海(hai)拔1856米(mi)，為(wei)福建(jian)省(sheng)第二高峰。其支脈(mo)(mo)和余(yu)脈(mo)(mo)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)東(dong)南(nan)(nan)、南(nan)(nan)部(bu)綿(mian)延，地(di)勢西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)高，往東(dong)南(nan)(nan)呈階梯狀(zhuang)(zhuang)下降，構成(cheng)(cheng)由(you)中低(di)山向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)丘(qiu)陵、臺地(di)至平原遞變(bian)的(de)多層狀(zhuang)(zhuang)地(di)形地(di)貌(mao)景觀(guan)。

氣候

泉州市地(di)處低緯度，東臨海(hai)(hai)洋，屬亞熱帶海(hai)(hai)洋性季(ji)(ji)風氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)，氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)條件優越(yue)，氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)資(zi)源(yuan)豐(feng)(feng)富。泉州市氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)有(you)3個基(ji)本(ben)特(te)征：一(yi)是(shi)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)高(gao)，光熱豐(feng)(feng)富。年(nian)(nian)(nian)太陽輻射總(zong)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)120～140千卡/平方厘米，大部(bu)分地(di)區年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)19.5～21.0℃（僅西北(bei)(bei)部(bu)的(de)山區低于18℃），最熱月(yue)(yue)(yue)平均氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)達(da)26～29℃，最冷月(yue)(yue)(yue)也有(you)9～13℃。全年(nian)(nian)(nian)無(wu)霜期(qi)長，沿海(hai)(hai)地(di)區基(ji)本(ben)無(wu)霜。≥10℃的(de)有(you)效(xiao)積溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)5610～7250℃。年(nian)(nian)(nian)日照時(shi)數為(wei)(wei)1800～2200小時(shi)。二是(shi)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)充沛(pei)，但時(shi)空分布不均勻。全市年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)1000～1800毫(hao)米，自東南部(bu)向(xiang)西北(bei)(bei)部(bu)遞增，內陸地(di)區比沿海(hai)(hai)地(di)區多一(yi)倍左右(you)。干(gan)、濕季(ji)(ji)甚(shen)為(wei)(wei)分明：3～9月(yue)(yue)(yue)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)占(zhan)全年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)80%，為(wei)(wei)濕季(ji)(ji)；10～2月(yue)(yue)(yue)僅占(zhan)全年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)20%，為(wei)(wei)干(gan)季(ji)(ji)。降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)際(ji)間(jian)變化率(lv)大，少雨年(nian)(nian)(nian)份降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)不及(ji)多雨年(nian)(nian)(nian)份的(de)一(yi)半。三是(shi)季(ji)(ji)風氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)顯(xian)著(zhu)。冬半年(nian)(nian)(nian)主要(yao)(yao)受(shou)蒙古(gu)冷高(gao)壓(ya)楔控(kong)制，盛行(xing)偏(pian)北(bei)(bei)風，氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)低，干(gan)燥少雨；夏(xia)半年(nian)(nian)(nian)主要(yao)(yao)受(shou)副熱帶高(gao)壓(ya)影響，盛行(xing)偏(pian)南風，氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)高(gao)，濕潤多雨。

水文

泉(quan)州(zhou)市(shi)境(jing)內(nei)溪流(liu)(liu)密布，發源于本市(shi)境(jing)內(nei)流(liu)(liu)域(yu)面積100平方千(qian)(qian)米以(yi)上(shang)的河流(liu)(liu)有34條(tiao)，總長度1549千(qian)(qian)米，其中晉江水(shui)系15條(tiao)，九龍江水(shui)系5條(tiao)，閩江水(shui)系9條(tiao)，單獨(du)入(ru)海5條(tiao)；流(liu)(liu)域(yu)面積50平方千(qian)(qian)米及(ji)以(yi)上(shang)河流(liu)(liu)81條(tiao)，總長度為2156千(qian)(qian)米。晉江、洛陽江為泉(quan)州(zhou)市(shi)主要河流(liu)(liu)。

自然資源

泉(quan)州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)土地(di)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)豐富，耕地(di)有限(xian)。泉(quan)州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)境(jing)內(nei)溪(xi)流(liu)(liu)密(mi)布，發源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)于本(ben)市(shi)(shi)(shi)境(jing)內(nei)流(liu)(liu)域(yu)面積(ji)100平方(fang)千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)以上(shang)的(de)河流(liu)(liu)有34條，總長度1549千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，其(qi)中晉江水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)15條，九龍江水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)5條，閩(min)江水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)9條，單獨入海(hai)5條；流(liu)(liu)域(yu)面積(ji)50平方(fang)千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)及以上(shang)河流(liu)(liu)81條，總長度為2156千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。晉江、洛陽江為泉(quan)州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)主要河流(liu)(liu)，全(quan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)多年(nian)(nian)平均水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)總量(liang)(liang)(liang)為96.13億(yi)立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。2017年(nian)(nian)全(quan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)平均年(nian)(nian)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為1242.6毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，比常年(nian)(nian)偏少327.1毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，比2016年(nian)(nian)少1074.5毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。2017年(nian)(nian)全(quan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)80.428億(yi)立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。2017年(nian)(nian)全(quan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)23.684億(yi)立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。2017年(nian)(nian)全(quan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)總量(liang)(liang)(liang)80.598億(yi)立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，人均擁有水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為939立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。泉(quan)州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)已(yi)發現(xian)各類(lei)礦(kuang)(kuang)產46種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，地(di)質勘查探(tan)明資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)儲量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)礦(kuang)(kuang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)29種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中：能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)礦(kuang)(kuang)產2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)礦(kuang)(kuang)產8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，非金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)礦(kuang)(kuang)產18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)氣(qi)礦(kuang)(kuang)產1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。主要礦(kuang)(kuang)產包(bao)括(kuo)：鐵(tie)、錳、銅、鉛(qian)、鋅、鉬、金(jin)(jin)(jin)、銀、煤、硫鐵(tie)礦(kuang)(kuang)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)灰(hui)巖(yan)(yan)（大(da)理巖(yan)(yan)）、葉蠟石(shi)、硅(gui)灰(hui)石(shi)、明礬(fan)石(shi)、螢石(shi)（普通）、石(shi)墨、長石(shi)、高嶺土、陶瓷土（瓷石(shi)）、伊利石(shi)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)粘土、建筑用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)花崗巖(yan)(yan)（凝灰(hui)巖(yan)(yan)）、飾面用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)及雕刻用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)輝綠巖(yan)(yan)（花崗巖(yan)(yan)、閃長巖(yan)(yan)）、冶金(jin)(jin)(jin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)石(shi)英、玻璃用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)砂、鑄型用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)砂、建筑用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)砂、地(di)熱(re)、礦(kuang)(kuang)泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)等。泉(quan)州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)有土地(di)總面積(ji)1099710公頃(qing)，其(qi)中林業用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)684719公頃(qing)，占(zhan)全(quan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)土地(di)總面積(ji)的(de)62.3%，森林覆蓋(gai)率59.14%。泉(quan)州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)野生動植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)豐富，記錄有兩棲類(lei)2目7科(ke)32種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，爬行(xing)類(lei)3目13科(ke)61種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，鳥(niao)類(lei)19目51科(ke)260種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，哺(bu)乳類(lei)6目14科(ke)32種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；記錄有野生維管束植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)212科(ke)903屬(shu)(shu)2201種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（包(bao)括(kuo)逸生和歸(gui)化種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)），其(qi)中蕨(jue)類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)42科(ke)84屬(shu)(shu)199種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，裸子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)8科(ke)15屬(shu)(shu)20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，被子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)162科(ke)804屬(shu)(shu)1982種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

歷史沿革

夏、商兩(liang)代，地(di)理(li)區(qu)(qu)劃屬揚州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。西周，為七閩地(di)。春秋末期(qi)至戰國(guo)(guo)(guo)初期(qi)，屬越國(guo)(guo)(guo)地(di)。太平興(xing)國(guo)(guo)(guo)五年(nian)，因(yin)地(di)遠期(qi)會(hui)輸納不便，應楊(yang)海等(deng)之請，長泰縣析歸(gui)(gui)漳州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。 雍(yong)正(zheng)(zheng)十二年(nian)(1734)，升永(yong)(yong)春縣為永(yong)(yong)春直隸州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)，劃德(de)化(hua)縣并(bing)延平府(fu)大(da)田縣歸(gui)(gui)其轄理(li)，隸福建行(xing)(xing)省。民國(guo)(guo)(guo)元年(nian)(1912)，取消府(fu)、州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、廳，實行(xing)(xing)省、道、縣三級地(di)方政(zheng)制，晉江(jiang)、南安(an)(an)(an)(an)、同(tong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)、惠安(an)(an)(an)(an)、安(an)(an)(an)(an)溪、永(yong)(yong)春(民國(guo)(guo)(guo)2年(nian)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)廢州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)立(li)縣)、德(de)化(hua)歸(gui)(gui)屬南路道(址(zhi)設(she)(she)廈門(men))。1949年(nian)8月(yue)(yue)(yue)24日，福建省人民政(zheng)府(fu)(省會(hui)福州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou))成立(li)。8、9月(yue)(yue)(yue)間，南安(an)(an)(an)(an)、永(yong)(yong)春、惠安(an)(an)(an)(an)、晉江(jiang)、安(an)(an)(an)(an)溪相繼(ji)解(jie)放(fang)(fang)。9月(yue)(yue)(yue)， 全省劃為八個(ge)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)督察區(qu)(qu)。公署(shu)設(she)(she)晉江(jiang)縣城(今泉(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)區(qu)(qu))。10月(yue)(yue)(yue)9日，金門(men)縣大(da)嶝島、小嶝島及角(jiao)嶼解(jie)放(fang)(fang)。11月(yue)(yue)(yue)24日，德(de)化(hua)解(jie)放(fang)(fang)，歸(gui)(gui)入第七行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)督察區(qu)(qu)(專署(shu)駐永(yong)(yong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)縣)。 2010年(nian)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)8日，福建省人民政(zheng)府(fu)正(zheng)(zheng)式批(pi)準設(she)(she)立(li)泉(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)臺(tai)商投資區(qu)(qu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)委(wei)員會(hui)，作為省政(zheng)府(fu)的派出機構，并(bing)賦予(yu)設(she)(she)區(qu)(qu)市(shi)(shi)的部分行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)管(guan)(guan)理(li)權(quan)限(xian)和先行(xing)(xing)先試的特殊政(zheng)策，委(wei)托泉(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)委(wei)、市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)府(fu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)。