太原現(xian)轄(xia) 6區(qu)(qu)(qu)(小店區(qu)(qu)(qu)、迎澤區(qu)(qu)(qu)、杏花嶺區(qu)(qu)(qu)、尖草坪(ping)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、萬柏林區(qu)(qu)(qu)、晉(jin)源(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu))、 3縣(清(qing)徐縣、陽曲縣、婁煩(fan)縣)、1市(shi)(shi)(古(gu)交市(shi)(shi))。全(quan)市(shi)(shi)共有 21個(ge)(ge)鎮、31個(ge)(ge)鄉,53個(ge)(ge)街道辦(ban)事處(chu),835個(ge)(ge)村委(wei)會(hui), 1451個(ge)(ge)自然村,684個(ge)(ge)社區(qu)(qu)(qu)居委(wei)會(hui)。
太原位于山(shan)西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)境(jing)中(zhong)央,太原盆(pen)地(di)的(de)北(bei)(bei)(bei)端,于華北(bei)(bei)(bei)地(di)區(qu)黃河流(liu)域中(zhong)部,西(xi)(xi)、北(bei)(bei)(bei)、東(dong)(dong)三面環山(shan),中(zhong)、南部為(wei)河谷平(ping)(ping)原,全市(shi)整個地(di)形(xing)北(bei)(bei)(bei)高南低(di)呈(cheng)簸箕(ji)形(xing)。地(di)處(chu)南北(bei)(bei)(bei)同蒲(pu)和石太鐵(tie)路線的(de)交匯處(chu)。平(ping)(ping)均海拔約800米,地(di)理(li)坐標為(wei)東(dong)(dong)經111°30′~113°09′,北(bei)(bei)(bei)緯37°27′~38°25′。區(qu)域輪廓呈(cheng)蝙蝠形(xing),東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)橫(heng)距約144公(gong)里,南北(bei)(bei)(bei)縱約107公(gong)里。
太原(yuan)西、北(bei)、東三面環山(shan),中、南(nan)部為河(he)(he)谷(gu)平原(yuan),整個地形(xing)北(bei)高(gao)南(nan)低呈簸箕(ji)形(xing)。海(hai)拔(ba)最高(gao)點為2670米,最低點為760米,平均(jun)海(hai)拔(ba)約800米,市(shi)(shi)區坐(zuo)落于(yu)海(hai)拔(ba)800米的(de)汾(fen)河(he)(he)河(he)(he)谷(gu)平原(yuan)上。太行(xing)山(shan)雄居于(yu)左,呂梁山(shan)巍峙(zhi)于(yu)右,云中、系舟(zhou)二山(shan)合(he)抱于(yu)后,太原(yuan)平原(yuan)展布于(yu)前,汾(fen)水(shui)自北(bei)向南(nan)縱貫全境(jing)。黃河(he)(he)的(de)第二大支(zhi)流(liu)——汾(fen)河(he)(he),自北(bei)向南(nan)橫(heng)貫太原(yuan)市(shi)(shi)全境(jing),流(liu)經境(jing)內約100公里。市(shi)(shi)區東有太行(xing)山(shan)阻隔,西有呂梁山(shan)。
太(tai)原(yuan)屬北溫帶(dai)(dai)大陸性(xing)(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候,夏季炎熱多雨,冬(dong)(dong)季寒冷干燥(zao)。年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫9.5℃,無(wu)霜期平均(jun)(jun)202天,年(nian)均(jun)(jun)降水量(liang)(liang)456毫米。太(tai)原(yuan)由于其地形(xing)復(fu)雜多樣(yang),海拔高(gao)度差異較(jiao)大,海洋(yang)性(xing)(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候對境內的影響,形(xing)成(cheng)了北溫帶(dai)(dai)大陸性(xing)(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候。冬(dong)(dong)無(wu)嚴寒、夏無(wu)酷暑、四季分明、日照充(chong)足,晝夜溫差較(jiao)大,夏秋降雨集中(zhong),冬(dong)(dong)春旱多風。年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)溫度為9.5℃,一月平均(jun)(jun)-6.4℃,七月平均(jun)(jun)23℃。霜凍期為十月中(zhong)旬(xun)至次年(nian)四月中(zhong)旬(xun),無(wu)霜期平均(jun)(jun)149—175天。年(nian)均(jun)(jun)降水量(liang)(liang)468.4毫米。
太(tai)(tai)原(yuan)(yuan)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)藏堪稱豐(feng)富,主要有鐵(tie)(tie)、錳、銅(tong)、鋁、鉛、鋅(xin)等(deng)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)和(he)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)、硫磺、石膏(gao)、釩、硝石、耐火粘土、石英(ying)、石灰石、白云石、石美砂等(deng)非(fei)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)。太(tai)(tai)原(yuan)(yuan)處在煤(mei)(mei)(mei)海中部,地質上稱太(tai)(tai)原(yuan)(yuan)的(de)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)藏為太(tai)(tai)原(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)煤(mei)(mei)(mei),儲(chu)量(liang)居全省第七位(wei),是山西煤(mei)(mei)(mei)炭資源的(de)主要組成(cheng)部分。太(tai)(tai)原(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)不僅儲(chu)量(liang)豐(feng)富,而且煤(mei)(mei)(mei)種齊全,焦煤(mei)(mei)(mei)、肥(fei)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)、瘦煤(mei)(mei)(mei)、貧煤(mei)(mei)(mei)、氣煤(mei)(mei)(mei)、無煙煤(mei)(mei)(mei)應有盡有。鐵(tie)(tie)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)儲(chu)量(liang)較為豐(feng)富,分布(bu)亦較廣(guang),主要類(lei)型(xing)(xing)為沉積(ji)(ji)變(bian)質型(xing)(xing)、接(jie)觸交(jiao)代(dai)(矽卡巖)型(xing)(xing)、沉積(ji)(ji)型(xing)(xing),錳鐵(tie)(tie)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)儲(chu)量(liang)較少。非(fei)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)中石膏(gao)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)是太(tai)(tai)原(yuan)(yuan)第三礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)產,石膏(gao)以其質地優良(liang)馳名(ming)中國(guo)。
太原植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區系含(han)有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)、蕨類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)、苔蘚(xian)、地(di)衣(yi)、藻類(lei)和(he)菌類(lei),具有(you)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)資(zi)源豐富、植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)起(qi)源古(gu)老、單種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)較(jiao)多等(deng)特點。太原地(di)區野(ye)生動物(wu)(wu)(wu)資(zi)源,有(you)鳥(niao)綱(gang)(gang)(gang)16目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、37科(ke)(ke)、173種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其(qi)中(zhong),國家一級保護鳥(niao)類(lei)四(si)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),國家二級保護鳥(niao)類(lei)27種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、中(zhong)日保護候鳥(niao)80種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、山西(xi)省重點保護鳥(niao)類(lei)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);哺乳綱(gang)(gang)(gang)6目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、17科(ke)(ke)、42種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其(qi)中(zhong)國家一級保護獸(shou)類(lei)一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、國家二級保護獸(shou)類(lei)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、山西(xi)省重點保護獸(shou)類(lei)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);爬行綱(gang)(gang)(gang)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)3目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、4科(ke)(ke)、8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);兩棲綱(gang)(gang)(gang)1目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、2科(ke)(ke)、5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);魚綱(gang)(gang)(gang)2目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、4科(ke)(ke)、21種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);甲殼綱(gang)(gang)(gang)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)1目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、2科(ke)(ke)、2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);昆蟲綱(gang)(gang)(gang)13目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、70科(ke)(ke)、177種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);蛛形綱(gang)(gang)(gang)2目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、3科(ke)(ke)、10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
魯昭(zhao)公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(晉(jin)(jin)(jin)平公(gong)十(shi)七年(nian)(nian)(nian),前(qian)541年(nian)(nian)(nian)),太原(yuan)地(di)區始入(ru)于晉(jin)(jin)(jin)國版圖。秦(qin)王嬴政(zheng)元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)246年(nian)(nian)(nian)),復(fu)置太原(yuan)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)如初,郡(jun)(jun)(jun)治所設(she)在晉(jin)(jin)(jin)陽。文帝劉(liu)恒二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)178年(nian)(nian)(nian)),分(fen)代(dai)(dai)國為(wei)代(dai)(dai)、太原(yuan)二國,立皇子劉(liu)參為(wei)太原(yuan)王,都(dou)晉(jin)(jin)(jin)陽,太原(yuan)國轄原(yuan)太原(yuan)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)故地(di)。建(jian)武(wu)二年(nian)(nian)(nian),改太原(yuan)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)為(wei)太原(yuan)國,都(dou)晉(jin)(jin)(jin)陽。清(qing)宣統三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1911年(nian)(nian)(nian)),8月19日孫中(zhong)山(shan)領(ling)導的革(ge)命(ming)黨人舉義武(wu)昌,各省(sheng)(sheng)紛紛響應。9月8日,太原(yuan)舉義,攻克(ke)省(sheng)(sheng)會,擊斃清(qing)山(shan)西巡撫陸鐘琦。民(min)國十(shi)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1927年(nian)(nian)(nian)),太原(yuan)確定市(shi)的建(jian)置,隸屬山(shan)西省(sheng)(sheng)政(zheng)府直(zhi)轄。十(shi)九年(nian)(nian)(nian)廢除(chu)冀(ji)寧道,各縣歸省(sheng)(sheng)直(zhi)轄。至民(min)國二十(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1932年(nian)(nian)(nian)),太原(yuan)市(shi)轄五個區。1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)10月1日,中(zhong)華人民(min)共(gong)和國成立,此后建(jian)置沿革(ge)詳見《方域》。
【相關文章推薦】