什么是雞胸
小兒雞胸是一種常見病癥,特點(dian)是胸骨(gu)前凸、兩(liang)側胸壁低平。輕者(zhe)外觀(guan)不雅(ya),重者(zhe)使胸廓容積縮小(xiao)(xiao),肺(fei)發育(yu)受限(8歲以前的(de)小(xiao)(xiao)兒肺(fei)泡量(liang)可能增多),經(jing)常(chang)患氣管炎(yan)或肺(fei)炎(yan),運動(dong)耐(nai)受力差(cha),抵抗力低下。
雞胸的病因
少數(shu)(shu)小兒(er)的(de)雞胸(xiong)(xiong)是(shi)先(xian)天性的(de),大多數(shu)(shu)患兒(er)的(de)雞胸(xiong)(xiong)是(shi)佝(gou)僂病造成的(de)。嬰幼兒(er)期(qi)的(de)小兒(er)骨(gu)(gu)骼(ge)由(you)軟(ruan)骨(gu)(gu)構成,如果此時忽視了(le)維生素D、鈣的(de)供給或供給不足,使(shi)鈣磷吸(xi)收發生障礙,出(chu)現(xian)骨(gu)(gu)軟(ruan)化(hua)癥,胸(xiong)(xiong)部肋骨(gu)(gu)與(yu)胸(xiong)(xiong)骨(gu)(gu)相連(lian)處內陷(xian),使(shi)胸(xiong)(xiong)骨(gu)(gu)前凸,形成雞胸(xiong)(xiong)。
雞胸的癥狀表現
多(duo)數雞胸(xiong)(xiong)不像(xiang)漏斗胸(xiong)(xiong)那(nei)樣在出生后(hou)即能(neng)發(fa)現,往往在五、六(liu)歲以后(hou)才(cai)逐漸被注意到(dao)。一般雞胸(xiong)(xiong)很少(shao)發(fa)生壓迫心肺的(de)癥狀(zhuang),重癥雞胸(xiong)(xiong)常(chang)出現反復(fu)上呼吸道感(gan)染及支氣管喘息,活動耐力較差,易疲勞(lao)。更主(zhu)要(yao)的(de)是(shi)患者因(yin)畸形(xing)而在精神上有極大的(de)負擔。
雞(ji)(ji)胸(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)與(yu)漏斗胸(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)相反(fan),胸(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)骨(gu)(gu)向(xiang)前(qian)方突(tu)(tu)(tu)起(qi),一(yi)般有(you)(you)兩種類型,第(di)一(yi)種是(shi)普通的、具(ju)有(you)(you)龍骨(gu)(gu)狀突(tu)(tu)(tu)起(qi)的胸(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)廓,即胸(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)骨(gu)(gu)下(xia)部向(xiang)前(qian)移奉送(song)較上(shang)(shang)部明(ming)顯。常是(shi)劍突(tu)(tu)(tu)附著部突(tu)(tu)(tu)出最明(ming)顯,胸(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)肌的縱部面呈(cheng)弓形(xing),兩側的4至(zhi)8肋(lei)軟(ruan)(ruan)骨(gu)(gu)呈(cheng)與(yu)胸(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)骨(gu)(gu)平行(xing)的深凹(ao)陷(xian)溝(gou)狀,使突(tu)(tu)(tu)出的部分(fen)更(geng)加(jia)明(ming)顯,就像是(shi)一(yi)只巨(ju)手將胸(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)骨(gu)(gu)抓(zhua)起(qi)而將兩側肋(lei)軟(ruan)(ruan)骨(gu)(gu)壓癟了一(yi)樣。另(ling)一(yi)種雞(ji)(ji)胸(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)比(bi)較少見(jian),胸(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)骨(gu)(gu)柄、胸(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)骨(gu)(gu)體(ti)上(shang)(shang)部及上(shang)(shang)胸(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)部的肋(lei)軟(ruan)(ruan)骨(gu)(gu)向(xiang)前(qian)上(shang)(shang)方突(tu)(tu)(tu)出,而胸(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)骨(gu)(gu)體(ti)中部向(xiang)后彎曲,胸(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)肌下(xia)部又(you)突(tu)(tu)(tu)向(xiang)向(xiang)前(qian)方,胸(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)骨(gu)(gu)的矢狀面呈(cheng)“Z”字(zi)形(xing),兩側肋(lei)軟(ruan)(ruan)骨(gu)(gu)也向(xiang)內凹(ao)陷(xian),因此有(you)(you)人將此類畸形(xing)也稱為漏斗胸(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)。
雞胸的危害
雞胸(xiong)除影響身體的美觀外,嚴重的雞胸(xiong)由(you)于兩側向內凹(ao)陷的肋骨壓迫(po)心臟和肺,對循(xun)環和呼吸功能有一定影響,患兒易出現疲勞和反復(fu)呼吸道感染(ran)。
影響呼吸循環的(de)胸(xiong)(xiong)壁(bi)畸(ji)形,如漏斗胸(xiong)(xiong)、雞(ji)胸(xiong)(xiong)、胸(xiong)(xiong)肌裂(lie)等,除(chu)了畸(ji)形造(zao)成的(de)精(jing)神負擔和性格影響以外,畸(ji)形本(ben)身對呼吸和循環功能(neng)的(de)損害也需要手術糾正。
雞胸怎么矯正
1、比(bi)較輕微的(de)(de)雞(ji)胸可以(yi)采用做保健(jian)操的(de)(de)方式來矯正,目前(qian)比(bi)較常(chang)用的(de)(de)保健(jian)操是呼(hu)吸起落操。保持站(zhan)(zhan)立的(de)(de)姿勢,兩腳與(yu)肩同(tong)寬站(zhan)(zhan)好之(zhi)后(hou)身體放(fang)松,兩個手臂輕輕向前(qian)臥全平直到頭頂,接下(xia)來再慢慢的(de)(de)呼(hu)氣。每天可以(yi)數(shu)次進行,每次可以(yi)做10分(fen)鐘。
2、器械(xie)練習(xi)也是矯正雞胸的(de)(de)(de)好(hao)辦法,可以(yi)使用(yong)俯臥撐(cheng)或者是用(yong)啞鈴(ling)平(ping)舉的(de)(de)(de)方式來進(jin)行練習(xi),如(ru)果(guo)身(shen)體力量(liang)比較好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)話,也可以(yi)使用(yong)在單雙(shuang)杠上(shang)翻(fan)跟頭的(de)(de)(de)方法來進(jin)行操練,建議(yi)可以(yi)在空(kong)腹的(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)來進(jin)行鍛(duan)煉會比較好(hao)一(yi)些。但是每天一(yi)定(ding)要控制好(hao)運(yun)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)量(liang),不能過度勞累(lei)。如(ru)果(guo)患(huan)者有(you)跑(pao)步場所的(de)(de)(de)話,也可以(yi)每天慢跑(pao)3公(gong)里(li)來增強(qiang)內臟活動(dong)、擴大(da)呼吸量(liang),改善胸廓發育(yu)不良(liang)。
3、年齡較小的(de)人(ren)群可以采用外部器械來對胸廓加壓法來達(da)到矯正(zheng)雞胸的(de)目的(de)。一般(ban)情況(kuang)下(xia)可以佩戴特制的(de)矯正(zheng)背心來緩(huan)解畸形(xing)。這種方(fang)法的(de)見效速度非常慢(man),因此不建(jian)議成人(ren)或者是(shi)大童(tong)來使用這種方(fang)法矯正(zheng)。
注意:大多數嚴重(zhong)的(de)雞胸(xiong)患者可(ke)以在三(san)歲(sui)以后(hou)采取手(shou)術(shu)來進行治(zhi)療。一般情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)通(tong)過(guo)系統(tong)的(de)矯正理(li)療法或手(shou)術(shu)治(zhi)療都能夠收(shou)到滿意(yi)的(de)效果。
雞胸的預防
1、堅(jian)持(chi)母乳喂養。堅(jian)持(chi)每天(tian)補充維生素D多。母乳含鈣、磷量雖少,但兩者(zhe)比例合(he)適(2:1),易于(yu)被乳兒吸收。
2、母親應在孕期和哺(bu)乳期的飲食應營養豐(feng)富(fu)并多(duo)曬太陽。
3、增加小兒戶(hu)外(wai)活動(dong)時間,多接觸(chu)陽光。
4、按時(shi)給小兒添(tian)加輔食。