一、電動車鋰電池安全嗎

現在市面上的電動車鋰電池有(you)三種：磷酸(suan)(suan)鐵鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)、錳酸(suan)(suan)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)、三元(yuan)系列的聚合物可攜(xie)式鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的優(you)點是(shi)重量(liang)(liang)(liang)輕、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)大、續(xu)(xu)航遠(yuan)、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)使用壽命長。鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的重量(liang)(liang)(liang)僅為(wei)普(pu)(pu)通(tong)鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)重量(liang)(liang)(liang)的30%，在相同電(dian)(dian)壓電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)下，鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的續(xu)(xu)航能(neng)力更強。即使在冬(dong)季溫度(du)降到零下，鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)依然可以發揮優(you)良(liang)的性能(neng)，溫度(du)對鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)影響(xiang)不大。而(er)冬(dong)季受(shou)氣溫影響(xiang)普(pu)(pu)通(tong)鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)下降30%，續(xu)(xu)航里程(cheng)縮(suo)短。

鋰(li)(li)電池缺點是報廢沒有回(hui)收價值，換(huan)電池成(cheng)本(ben)非(fei)常高，致(zhi)命的(de)(de)缺點就是危險性(xing)大，如果鋰(li)(li)電池內部短路(lu)、電池外部線路(lu)短路(lu)、電池充電時間長造成(cheng)過(guo)充，鋰(li)(li)的(de)(de)性(xing)質非(fei)常活躍，在這(zhe)種情況下(xia)鋰(li)(li)電池內部壓力(li)增大，當(dang)壓力(li)達到一定程度，造成(cheng)鋰(li)(li)電池外殼破裂(lie)，鋰(li)(li)電池內部物質流出很(hen)容易(yi)發(fa)生爆(bao)炸起火。

所有的鋰(li)(li)離子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，無論是以(yi)前(qian)的，還(huan)是現(xian)在的，包括(kuo)聚合物鋰(li)(li)離子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)、磷(lin)酸鐵鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)等等，都非常害怕電(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部短路、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)外部短路、過充這些(xie)情況，所以(yi)大家在使用各種電(dian)(dian)動車鋰(li)(li)離子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)時(shi)候(hou)，一定要注(zhu)意安全。

二、怎么防止電動車鋰電池爆炸

電(dian)動車鋰(li)(li)電(dian)池自燃的根本原因是(shi)熱(re)失(shi)控(kong)。鋰(li)(li)電(dian)池的充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)過程也就(jiu)是(shi)化學(xue)反(fan)應的過程，而(er)溫度越高反(fan)應越劇烈(lie)(lie)，反(fan)應越劇烈(lie)(lie)釋(shi)放(fang)的熱(re)量(liang)越多，一旦溫度失(shi)控(kong)最后的結果就(jiu)是(shi)自燃爆炸(zha)。

鋰(li)(li)元素加熱自(zi)燃(ran)，首先高溫(wen)，或者電池散熱不好(hao)，均(jun)會導(dao)(dao)致(zhi)自(zi)燃(ran)。其次撞(zhuang)擊(ji)、針刺等行為會造成電池短(duan)路(lu)，從而溫(wen)度失衡導(dao)(dao)致(zhi)劇烈燃(ran)燒(shao)。還有就(jiu)是(shi)過(guo)度充放電，使得鋰(li)(li)和電解液發生(sheng)沉積(ji)，最(zui)終刺破用于隔(ge)離反應(ying)物(wu)的(de)隔(ge)膜，從而發生(sheng)短(duan)路(lu)自(zi)燃(ran)。最(zui)后就(jiu)是(shi)外接線路(lu)發生(sheng)短(duan)路(lu)，最(zui)終導(dao)(dao)致(zhi)自(zi)燃(ran)。

如何防止電動車鋰電池自燃，需(xu)要做好以下幾點：

1、電(dian)動車依靠的是電(dian)，危(wei)險的根源也是電(dian)。所以(yi)千萬(wan)不要(yao)為了增大續航，私自改裝(zhuang)原廠(chang)電(dian)池。

2、要(yao)選(xuan)擇正規的廠(chang)家(jia)，不(bu)能貪圖便宜(yi)購買三(san)無產品(pin)或者私自(zi)(zi)改裝。千(qian)萬要(yao)記得(de)，不(bu)要(yao)在家(jia)中私自(zi)(zi)充電，需在指定充電場所充電。

3、避免用不合適的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，如(ru)：鉛(qian)酸(suan)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)給(gei)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、60V充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)給(gei)48V的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，請(qing)使用原配的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian) 器(qi)進行(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

4、在三元鋰電(dian)芯與磷酸鐵電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的電(dian)池(chi)(chi)，盡量選擇(ze)磷酸鐵電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的電(dian)池(chi)(chi)，更(geng)安(an)全。

5、盡(jin)可(ke)能地避免長時間的裸露在高溫環境(jing)(jing)下，嚴禁(jin)在高溫環境(jing)(jing)下充電。

6、避(bi)免高溫下行(xing)駛后(hou)立(li)即(ji)充電，防(fang)止充電時(shi)間(jian)過長(chang)（正常8小(xiao)時(shi)左右(you)）。

7、電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)時電(dian)(dian)源箱發燙或(huo)不(bu)轉綠(lv)燈，應及時到(dao)電(dian)(dian)池經營店(dian)或(huo)售(shou)后服務網(wang)點對電(dian)(dian)池或(huo)充電(dian)(dian)器進行(xing)檢測維護。

8、在(zai)(zai)任何情況(kuang)下(xia)都不(bu)要(yao)給零下(xia)溫度(du)的(de)鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)，不(bu)管(guan)什么品牌的(de)鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)都有(you)這樣的(de)規定。在(zai)(zai)低(di)溫環(huan)境(jing)下(xia)，鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)使用會受到限制，由于(yu)放電(dian)容(rong)量會嚴(yan)重衰(shuai)退，因此在(zai)(zai)低(di)溫下(xia)不(bu)能對鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)進行(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)。冬(dong)天(tian)要(yao)在(zai)(zai)室(shi)內(nei)有(you)人的(de)情況(kuang)下(xia)對鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)進行(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)。