一、電動車鋰電池安全嗎

現在市面上的電動車鋰電池有三種：磷酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鐵(tie)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)、錳酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)、三元系列(lie)的聚合物可(ke)攜式(shi)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的優點是重量(liang)(liang)輕、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)大(da)、續航遠、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)使用(yong)壽命長(chang)。鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的重量(liang)(liang)僅為(wei)普(pu)(pu)通鉛酸(suan)(suan)(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)重量(liang)(liang)的30%，在(zai)相同(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)下(xia)，鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的續航能(neng)力更強(qiang)。即(ji)使在(zai)冬(dong)(dong)季溫(wen)度降(jiang)(jiang)到零下(xia)，鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)依然(ran)可(ke)以發揮(hui)優良的性能(neng)，溫(wen)度對鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)影響(xiang)不大(da)。而(er)冬(dong)(dong)季受(shou)氣溫(wen)影響(xiang)普(pu)(pu)通鉛酸(suan)(suan)(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)30%，續航里程縮短。

鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)缺(que)點(dian)是報廢(fei)沒(mei)有(you)回收價(jia)值，換電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)成本非常高，致命的缺(que)點(dian)就是危(wei)險性大，如果鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內部短路(lu)、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)外部線路(lu)短路(lu)、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)時間長造成過充，鋰的性質非常活躍，在這(zhe)種情況下鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內部壓力增大，當壓力達到一定(ding)程度，造成鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)外殼破裂，鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內部物質流出很容易發(fa)生爆(bao)炸(zha)起(qi)火(huo)。

所有的(de)鋰離子(zi)電(dian)池，無論是(shi)以前(qian)的(de)，還是(shi)現在的(de)，包(bao)括聚合物鋰離子(zi)電(dian)池、磷酸鐵鋰電(dian)池等等，都非常害怕電(dian)池內部短(duan)路(lu)(lu)、電(dian)池外部短(duan)路(lu)(lu)、過(guo)充這些(xie)情(qing)況，所以大家在使用各種電(dian)動車(che)鋰離子(zi)電(dian)池時候，一(yi)定要注意安全。

二、怎么防止電動車鋰電池爆炸

電動車鋰電池(chi)自燃(ran)的(de)根本原因(yin)是熱失控(kong)。鋰電池(chi)的(de)充放(fang)電過程(cheng)也(ye)就是化學(xue)反(fan)應(ying)(ying)的(de)過程(cheng)，而溫(wen)度越(yue)(yue)高反(fan)應(ying)(ying)越(yue)(yue)劇烈，反(fan)應(ying)(ying)越(yue)(yue)劇烈釋放(fang)的(de)熱量越(yue)(yue)多，一旦溫(wen)度失控(kong)最(zui)后的(de)結果(guo)就是自燃(ran)爆(bao)炸。

鋰元(yuan)素加熱自(zi)燃，首(shou)先高溫(wen)(wen)，或者電池散熱不好，均會導致(zhi)自(zi)燃。其次撞擊、針刺(ci)等行為會造成電池短(duan)路，從(cong)而(er)(er)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)失衡導致(zhi)劇烈燃燒。還(huan)有就(jiu)是(shi)過度(du)充放電，使得鋰和電解液(ye)發生(sheng)沉積(ji)，最終刺(ci)破(po)用于隔(ge)離(li)反應物的隔(ge)膜，從(cong)而(er)(er)發生(sheng)短(duan)路自(zi)燃。最后就(jiu)是(shi)外接線路發生(sheng)短(duan)路，最終導致(zhi)自(zi)燃。

如何防止電動車鋰電池自(zi)燃，需要做好以(yi)下幾點：

1、電(dian)動(dong)車依(yi)靠的是(shi)電(dian)，危險的根源(yuan)也(ye)是(shi)電(dian)。所以(yi)千萬不要為了增大續航，私自改(gai)裝原廠電(dian)池。

2、要(yao)選(xuan)擇(ze)正規(gui)的廠(chang)家，不能貪圖便宜購(gou)買(mai)三無產品或者(zhe)私自(zi)改裝。千(qian)萬要(yao)記得，不要(yao)在家中私自(zi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，需在指定充(chong)電(dian)(dian)場所充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。

3、避(bi)免用不合適的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，如：鉛酸充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)給鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、60V充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)給48V的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，請使(shi)用原配(pei)的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian) 器(qi)(qi)進行充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

4、在三元鋰電(dian)(dian)芯與磷酸鐵電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，盡量(liang)選擇(ze)磷酸鐵電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，更安全。

5、盡可(ke)能地(di)避免長時間(jian)的裸露(lu)在高溫環(huan)(huan)境(jing)下，嚴禁在高溫環(huan)(huan)境(jing)下充電。

6、避免(mian)高溫(wen)下行(xing)駛后立即充電，防止充電時間過長（正(zheng)常8小時左右）。

7、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源箱發燙(tang)或(huo)不轉綠燈，應及時到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池經(jing)營店(dian)或(huo)售(shou)后服(fu)務網點對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池或(huo)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器進行(xing)檢測(ce)維護。

8、在任何情況(kuang)下都不(bu)要(yao)給零下溫度(du)的鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，不(bu)管什么品(pin)牌(pai)的鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)都有這樣(yang)的規定。在低溫環境下，鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)使用會受(shou)到限制，由于放電(dian)(dian)(dian)容量會嚴重衰退，因此在低溫下不(bu)能對鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)進(jin)行(xing)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。冬天要(yao)在室內有人的情況(kuang)下對鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)進(jin)行(xing)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。