一、電動車鋰電池安全嗎

現在市面上的電動車鋰電池有三(san)種：磷酸鐵(tie)鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、錳酸鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、三(san)元系列的聚合物可(ke)攜式鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的優點是重量(liang)(liang)輕、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量(liang)(liang)大、續(xu)航(hang)遠、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使用(yong)壽命長。鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的重量(liang)(liang)僅為普通鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)重量(liang)(liang)的30%，在相(xiang)同電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)下(xia)，鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的續(xu)航(hang)能力(li)更強(qiang)。即使在冬(dong)季溫度(du)降到零下(xia)，鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)依然可(ke)以發揮優良(liang)的性能，溫度(du)對鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的容量(liang)(liang)影響(xiang)不(bu)大。而冬(dong)季受氣溫影響(xiang)普通鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量(liang)(liang)下(xia)降30%，續(xu)航(hang)里程縮短。

鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)缺(que)點是報廢沒(mei)有回收價值，換(huan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)成(cheng)本非常高，致命的缺(que)點就是危險性大，如果鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內部短(duan)路、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)外(wai)(wai)部線路短(duan)路、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間長造(zao)成(cheng)過充，鋰(li)(li)的性質非常活躍，在這種(zhong)情況下鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內部壓力(li)(li)增大，當(dang)壓力(li)(li)達(da)到一定程(cheng)度(du)，造(zao)成(cheng)鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)外(wai)(wai)殼(ke)破裂(lie)，鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內部物質流(liu)出很容(rong)易發生爆炸(zha)起火。

所(suo)有的(de)鋰離子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，無論是(shi)以(yi)前(qian)的(de)，還是(shi)現在的(de)，包括聚合物鋰離子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)、磷酸(suan)鐵鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)等(deng)等(deng)，都非(fei)常害(hai)怕(pa)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部(bu)短(duan)路、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)外(wai)部(bu)短(duan)路、過(guo)充(chong)這些情況，所(suo)以(yi)大家在使(shi)用各種電(dian)(dian)動車(che)鋰離子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)時(shi)候，一(yi)定要注意安全。

二、怎么防止電動車鋰電池爆炸

電動(dong)車(che)鋰電池(chi)自(zi)(zi)燃(ran)的根(gen)本原(yuan)因(yin)是熱失(shi)控(kong)(kong)。鋰電池(chi)的充放(fang)(fang)電過(guo)程也(ye)就(jiu)是化學反應(ying)的過(guo)程，而溫度越高反應(ying)越劇烈，反應(ying)越劇烈釋(shi)放(fang)(fang)的熱量(liang)越多，一(yi)旦溫度失(shi)控(kong)(kong)最后的結果就(jiu)是自(zi)(zi)燃(ran)爆(bao)炸(zha)。

鋰(li)元素加(jia)熱(re)自燃，首(shou)先高溫(wen)，或者電池散熱(re)不好(hao)，均會(hui)導(dao)致(zhi)自燃。其次撞擊、針刺等(deng)行為(wei)會(hui)造成電池短路(lu)(lu)，從而(er)(er)溫(wen)度失衡導(dao)致(zhi)劇烈燃燒。還有就(jiu)是過度充放(fang)電，使得鋰(li)和電解液(ye)發(fa)(fa)生沉積，最(zui)終刺破(po)用于(yu)隔(ge)離(li)反應物(wu)的隔(ge)膜(mo)，從而(er)(er)發(fa)(fa)生短路(lu)(lu)自燃。最(zui)后就(jiu)是外接線(xian)路(lu)(lu)發(fa)(fa)生短路(lu)(lu)，最(zui)終導(dao)致(zhi)自燃。

如何防止電動車鋰電池自燃，需要做好以下幾點：

1、電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)依(yi)靠的是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，危險(xian)的根源(yuan)也是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。所(suo)以千萬不要為了增大續航，私自改裝原(yuan)廠電(dian)(dian)(dian)池。

2、要選擇正規的廠家，不能(neng)貪圖便宜購(gou)買三無產(chan)品或者私(si)自(zi)改裝(zhuang)。千萬要記得，不要在(zai)(zai)家中私(si)自(zi)充(chong)電(dian)，需在(zai)(zai)指(zhi)定充(chong)電(dian)場所充(chong)電(dian)。

3、避免用(yong)不合適的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，如：鉛(qian)酸充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)給鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、60V充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)給48V的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，請使用(yong)原配的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian) 器(qi)(qi)進行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

4、在(zai)三元鋰電芯與磷酸鐵(tie)電池(chi)(chi)的電池(chi)(chi)，盡(jin)量選(xuan)擇磷酸鐵(tie)電池(chi)(chi)的電池(chi)(chi)，更(geng)安全。

5、盡可能地避免長時間的裸(luo)露(lu)在(zai)高溫環境(jing)下，嚴禁在(zai)高溫環境(jing)下充電。

6、避免高溫下行駛后立即充電(dian)(dian)，防止充電(dian)(dian)時間過長（正常8小時左右）。

7、電(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)時電(dian)源箱發燙(tang)或不轉綠燈，應及時到電(dian)池經營店或售后(hou)服務網點(dian)對電(dian)池或充(chong)電(dian)器進行檢測(ce)維護。

8、在(zai)(zai)任何情況(kuang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)都不要(yao)給零(ling)下(xia)(xia)(xia)溫度的(de)(de)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，不管什么品牌的(de)(de)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)都有(you)這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)規定。在(zai)(zai)低溫環境下(xia)(xia)(xia)，鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)使(shi)用會受到限制，由于放電(dian)(dian)容量(liang)會嚴重衰(shuai)退，因(yin)此在(zai)(zai)低溫下(xia)(xia)(xia)不能對鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)進(jin)行充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。冬天要(yao)在(zai)(zai)室內有(you)人的(de)(de)情況(kuang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)對鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)進(jin)行充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。