一、醫用冷藏箱和家里的冰箱有什么區別

醫用冷藏箱又叫醫用低溫冰箱，雖然也是冰箱，但和普通家庭用的冰箱是有很大區別的，醫用冷藏箱和(he)家(jia)用冰箱的區別(bie)主要有：

1、用途不同

醫(yi)用(yong)冷(leng)藏箱(xiang)主(zhu)要用(yong)來低溫儲(chu)存離體器官、組(zu)織、細胞、血液和血液制品、疫苗等；家用(yong)冰箱(xiang)主(zhu)要用(yong)來存儲(chu)食品。

2、溫度控制傳感器不同

冰箱(xiang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度的控(kong)制(zhi)是通過(guo)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度傳感器(qi)控(kong)制(zhi)壓(ya)縮機的開(kai)停(ting)機實現的。家用(yong)冰箱(xiang)一(yi)般只有(you)1個(ge)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度傳感器(qi)，壓(ya)縮機啟動和停(ting)機時冰箱(xiang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度相差較大。家用(yong)冰箱(xiang)只需保證食品新鮮不變質，因此溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度波動較大。醫用(yong)冷(leng)藏(zang)一(yi)般有(you)兩個(ge)以上溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度傳感器(qi)，醫用(yong)血液冷(leng)藏(zang)箱(xiang)有(you)5個(ge)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度傳感器(qi)，多個(ge)數(shu)字集成傳感器(qi)共同(tong)參與顯示(shi)和控(kong)制(zhi)醫用(yong)冷(leng)藏(zang)箱(xiang)的溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度，加之電(dian)加熱補(bu)償系(xi)(xi)統，即使(shi)是頻繁開(kai)門，溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)控(kong)系(xi)(xi)統也能迅速作出調整。

3、壓縮機類型不同

家(jia)用(yong)(yong)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)箱(xiang)為了省(sheng)電，用(yong)(yong)的是低(di)倍(bei)(bei)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮機(ji)，其(qi)制冷(leng)瞬間蒸發，溫度降(jiang)得(de)很多，容(rong)易(yi)造成冰(bing)(bing)(bing)箱(xiang)內物(wu)品結(jie)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)過冷(leng)等。醫用(yong)(yong)冷(leng)藏箱(xiang)為了保證(zheng)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)箱(xiang)空(kong)間內溫度平(ping)穩下降(jiang)，用(yong)(yong)的是中(zhong)倍(bei)(bei)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮機(ji)其(qi)低(di)溫級系(xi)統中(zhong)還配有氣熱(re)(re)交(jiao)換器(qi)，可使(shi)從蒸發器(qi)出來的低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)氣體同進入冷(leng)凝(ning)(ning)蒸發器(qi)前的高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)氣體進行(xing)熱(re)(re)交(jiao)換，這樣可減少冷(leng)凝(ning)(ning)蒸發器(qi)的熱(re)(re)負荷，而(er)且充分利(li)用(yong)(yong)了熱(re)(re)量(liang)，更保證(zheng)了工作的穩定性(xing)。

4、制冷方式不同

為了(le)節能和節約成(cheng)本多采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)直(zhi)冷(leng)輔助風冷(leng)，家用(yong)(yong)(yong)冰(bing)箱(xiang)會(hui)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)風冷(leng)方式(shi)，直(zhi)冷(leng)冰(bing)箱(xiang)的(de)(de)蒸(zheng)發器(qi)緊貼冰(bing)箱(xiang)內壁，使得冰(bing)箱(xiang)內壁的(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)非常低（遠(yuan)低于(yu)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)溫(wen)度(du)），向內靠自然(ran)對流傳熱，箱(xiang)內溫(wen)度(du)相差較大。醫用(yong)(yong)(yong)冷(leng)藏箱(xiang)為了(le)使冰(bing)箱(xiang)各(ge)部(bu)分(fen)溫(wen)度(du)一致，則(ze)綜合(he)布局蒸(zheng)發器(qi)或選配(pei)合(he)適的(de)(de)風機循環溫(wen)度(du)。此類(lei)冰(bing)箱(xiang)全部(bu)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)風冷(leng)式(shi)，風冷(leng)對冰(bing)箱(xiang)溫(wen)度(du)均勻性(xing)、波(bo)動性(xing)有嚴(yan)格要(yao)求。風冷(leng)冰(bing)箱(xiang)箱(xiang)內有專用(yong)(yong)(yong)風道(dao)隔離(li)冷(leng)源，可保證(zheng)溫(wen)度(du)均勻恒定，同時確保藥品及(ji)疫苗(miao)等生物制品不被凍損。超低溫(wen)冰(bing)箱(xiang)的(de)(de)制冷(leng)系(xi)統(tong)則(ze)基本采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)復(fu)疊或制冷(leng)的(de)(de)工作原理。

5、價格不同

因為醫(yi)用冷(leng)藏(zang)箱(xiang)(xiang)和家用冰箱(xiang)(xiang)的設計標準不一(yi)(yi)樣，它們的價格相(xiang)差甚遠(yuan)，一(yi)(yi)般情況(kuang)下，醫(yi)用冷(leng)藏(zang)箱(xiang)(xiang)的價格是普(pu)通冰箱(xiang)(xiang)的4倍到15倍，根(gen)據醫(yi)用冷(leng)藏(zang)箱(xiang)(xiang)的用途，價格也(ye)有極大的差異。

6、報警功能不同

普通家用冰箱無報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能，部(bu)分(fen)高端家用冰箱有(you)超溫報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能。醫(yi)(yi)用冷藏箱報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能比較完善和(he)全(quan)面，一(yi)般醫(yi)(yi)用冷藏箱具備：高低(di)(di)溫報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、溫控器(qi)故障報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、斷電報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、開關門異常(chang)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、環溫高報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)等基礎報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能。醫(yi)(yi)用低(di)(di)溫保存(cun)箱具備以(yi)上報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能之外，還具有(you)：冷凝器(qi)臟堵報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、傳感器(qi)故障報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、電池電量低(di)(di)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，電壓異常(chang)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)等拓(tuo)展(zhan)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能。同時具有(you)兩種報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)方(fang)式，通過聲音蜂(feng)鳴和(he)燈(deng)光閃爍，提(ti)醒使(shi)用者加以(yi)觀察并關注。

7、保溫層厚度不同

家用冰箱的(de)保(bao)溫(wen)層(ceng)厚(hou)度一(yi)般(ban)為20~45mm的(de)聚(ju)氨酯發(fa)泡。醫用藥品(pin)箱保(bao)溫(wen)層(ceng)厚(hou)度為40~50mm的(de)高(gao)密度聚(ju)氨酯發(fa)泡，-86℃醫用低溫(wen)保(bao)存箱保(bao)溫(wen)層(ceng)壁厚(hou)可達120~160mm。一(yi)般(ban)保(bao)溫(wen)層(ceng)越(yue)厚(hou)，保(bao)溫(wen)絕熱性能越(yue)好。

8、執行國家標準不同

家(jia)(jia)用(yong)冰箱(xiang)執(zhi)行國標(biao)：GB4706.1-2005《家(jia)(jia)用(yong)和類似用(yong)途(tu)電(dian)來器的安全通用(yong)要求》；GB/T8059-2016《家(jia)(jia)用(yong)和類似用(yong)途(tu)制冷(leng)(leng)器具》。藥品冷(leng)(leng)藏箱(xiang)行業標(biao)準是(shi)(shi)YY/T0086-2007；血(xue)液冷(leng)(leng)藏箱(xiang)的國家(jia)(jia)標(biao)準是(shi)(shi)GB/T21278-2007；低溫保存(cun)箱(xiang)的國家(jia)(jia)冰箱(xiang)是(shi)(shi) GB/T20154-2014。

二、家用冰箱能當醫用冷藏箱用嗎

不能。

醫(yi)用(yong)冷(leng)藏箱(xiang)(xiang)直接關系(xi)到臨床(chuang)檢驗及(ji)臨床(chuang)用(yong)血的安全(quan)性和有效性，如果(guo)使(shi)用(yong)普通(tong)的家用(yong)冰(bing)箱(xiang)(xiang)儲存，那些醫(yi)療樣本(ben)、試(shi)劑、血液會存在很(hen)大隱(yin)患，比如家用(yong)冰(bing)箱(xiang)(xiang)箱(xiang)(xiang)內溫度相差較大，當藥品(pin)(pin)或疫(yi)苗(miao)因堆(dui)放過多(duo)靠近內壁時，就會發生(sheng)冷(leng)壞情況(kuang)，而(er)醫(yi)用(yong)冷(leng)藏箱(xiang)(xiang)內有專用(yong)風道隔離冷(leng)源，可保(bao)證溫度均勻恒定，同時確(que)保(bao)藥品(pin)(pin)及(ji)疫(yi)苗(miao)等生(sheng)物(wu)制品(pin)(pin)不被凍損。

因(yin)此，不(bu)能使用家用冰箱代(dai)替醫用冷藏箱。