一、醫用冷藏箱和家里的冰箱有什么區別
醫用冷藏箱又叫醫用低溫冰箱,雖然也是冰箱,但和普通家庭用的冰箱是有很大區別的,醫用冷藏箱和(he)家(jia)用冰箱的區(qu)別(bie)主(zhu)要有:
1、用途不同
醫(yi)用(yong)(yong)冷藏箱主要(yao)用(yong)(yong)來低(di)溫儲存離體器官、組織、細胞、血液(ye)和血液(ye)制品、疫苗等;家用(yong)(yong)冰(bing)箱主要(yao)用(yong)(yong)來存儲食品。
2、溫度控制傳感器不同
冰(bing)箱溫(wen)(wen)度(du)的控(kong)制是(shi)通過溫(wen)(wen)度(du)傳感(gan)器(qi)控(kong)制壓縮機(ji)的開停機(ji)實現的。家用(yong)冰(bing)箱一(yi)般(ban)只(zhi)有(you)1個(ge)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)傳感(gan)器(qi),壓縮機(ji)啟(qi)動和(he)停機(ji)時冰(bing)箱溫(wen)(wen)度(du)相(xiang)差較(jiao)大。家用(yong)冰(bing)箱只(zhi)需保證食品(pin)新鮮不變質,因(yin)此溫(wen)(wen)度(du)波(bo)動較(jiao)大。醫用(yong)冷(leng)藏(zang)一(yi)般(ban)有(you)兩(liang)個(ge)以上溫(wen)(wen)度(du)傳感(gan)器(qi),醫用(yong)血(xue)液冷(leng)藏(zang)箱有(you)5個(ge)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)傳感(gan)器(qi),多(duo)個(ge)數字集成(cheng)傳感(gan)器(qi)共同參(can)與顯示和(he)控(kong)制醫用(yong)冷(leng)藏(zang)箱的溫(wen)(wen)度(du),加之電加熱補償(chang)系(xi)統,即使是(shi)頻繁開門,溫(wen)(wen)控(kong)系(xi)統也(ye)能迅(xun)速(su)作出調整。
3、壓縮機類型不同
家用(yong)(yong)冰(bing)箱為(wei)了省電,用(yong)(yong)的(de)是低(di)倍壓(ya)壓(ya)縮(suo)機,其制冷瞬間(jian)蒸(zheng)發(fa),溫度(du)降得很(hen)多,容易造成冰(bing)箱內物品結冰(bing)過冷等。醫(yi)用(yong)(yong)冷藏箱為(wei)了保證冰(bing)箱空間(jian)內溫度(du)平穩(wen)下降,用(yong)(yong)的(de)是中(zhong)倍壓(ya)壓(ya)縮(suo)機其低(di)溫級系(xi)統中(zhong)還(huan)配有氣熱(re)交換器(qi),可(ke)(ke)使(shi)從蒸(zheng)發(fa)器(qi)出來(lai)的(de)低(di)壓(ya)氣體(ti)(ti)同進入(ru)冷凝(ning)蒸(zheng)發(fa)器(qi)前的(de)高壓(ya)氣體(ti)(ti)進行熱(re)交換,這樣(yang)可(ke)(ke)減少冷凝(ning)蒸(zheng)發(fa)器(qi)的(de)熱(re)負荷,而且充分利用(yong)(yong)了熱(re)量(liang),更保證了工(gong)作的(de)穩(wen)定性。
4、制冷方式不同
為(wei)(wei)了節能和(he)節約(yue)成本多采(cai)用(yong)(yong)直(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)輔助風(feng)冷(leng)(leng),家(jia)用(yong)(yong)冰(bing)(bing)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)會采(cai)用(yong)(yong)風(feng)冷(leng)(leng)方(fang)式,直(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)冰(bing)(bing)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)蒸(zheng)發器緊貼冰(bing)(bing)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)(nei)壁(bi),使得(de)冰(bing)(bing)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)(nei)壁(bi)的(de)溫(wen)(wen)度非常低(di)(遠(yuan)低(di)于(yu)使用(yong)(yong)溫(wen)(wen)度),向內(nei)(nei)靠(kao)自然對(dui)流(liu)傳熱(re),箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)(nei)溫(wen)(wen)度相差較大。醫用(yong)(yong)冷(leng)(leng)藏(zang)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)為(wei)(wei)了使冰(bing)(bing)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)各(ge)部分溫(wen)(wen)度一(yi)致,則綜合布局(ju)蒸(zheng)發器或(huo)選配合適的(de)風(feng)機(ji)循環溫(wen)(wen)度。此類冰(bing)(bing)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)全部采(cai)用(yong)(yong)風(feng)冷(leng)(leng)式,風(feng)冷(leng)(leng)對(dui)冰(bing)(bing)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)溫(wen)(wen)度均勻(yun)性、波動(dong)性有嚴格要(yao)求。風(feng)冷(leng)(leng)冰(bing)(bing)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)(nei)有專用(yong)(yong)風(feng)道隔離冷(leng)(leng)源,可(ke)保(bao)證溫(wen)(wen)度均勻(yun)恒定,同時確(que)保(bao)藥品及疫苗等(deng)生物制品不被凍損。超低(di)溫(wen)(wen)冰(bing)(bing)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)制冷(leng)(leng)系統則基本采(cai)用(yong)(yong)復(fu)疊或(huo)制冷(leng)(leng)的(de)工(gong)作原理(li)。
5、價格不同
因(yin)為醫(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)冷藏箱和家用(yong)(yong)冰箱的(de)設計標準不一(yi)樣,它們的(de)價格(ge)相差甚遠,一(yi)般情況(kuang)下,醫(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)冷藏箱的(de)價格(ge)是普通冰箱的(de)4倍到15倍,根據醫(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)冷藏箱的(de)用(yong)(yong)途(tu),價格(ge)也有極大的(de)差異。
6、報警功能不同
普通(tong)家用冰箱(xiang)無報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng),部分高端(duan)家用冰箱(xiang)有超溫(wen)(wen)報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)。醫(yi)用冷(leng)藏(zang)箱(xiang)報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)比較(jiao)完善和全(quan)面,一般醫(yi)用冷(leng)藏(zang)箱(xiang)具備:高低(di)溫(wen)(wen)報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)、溫(wen)(wen)控器(qi)(qi)故障(zhang)(zhang)報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)、斷(duan)電報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)、開關門異(yi)常報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)、環溫(wen)(wen)高報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)等基礎報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)。醫(yi)用低(di)溫(wen)(wen)保存箱(xiang)具備以(yi)上報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)之外,還具有:冷(leng)凝(ning)器(qi)(qi)臟堵報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)、傳感器(qi)(qi)故障(zhang)(zhang)報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)、電池(chi)電量(liang)低(di)報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing),電壓(ya)異(yi)常報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)等拓展(zhan)報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)。同時(shi)具有兩種報(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)方(fang)式,通(tong)過聲音蜂鳴(ming)和燈光閃爍,提醒使用者加以(yi)觀察并關注。
7、保溫層厚度不同
家用冰箱(xiang)的保(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)層厚(hou)度一般(ban)為20~45mm的聚(ju)氨酯發(fa)泡(pao)。醫用藥品箱(xiang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)層厚(hou)度為40~50mm的高密(mi)度聚(ju)氨酯發(fa)泡(pao),-86℃醫用低溫(wen)(wen)保(bao)(bao)(bao)存(cun)箱(xiang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)層壁厚(hou)可(ke)達(da)120~160mm。一般(ban)保(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)層越(yue)厚(hou),保(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)絕熱性能越(yue)好。
8、執行國家標準不同
家(jia)用冰箱執(zhi)行國(guo)標(biao):GB4706.1-2005《家(jia)用和類似用途電(dian)來器的(de)安全(quan)通用要求》;GB/T8059-2016《家(jia)用和類似用途制冷(leng)器具》。藥品(pin)冷(leng)藏箱行業(ye)標(biao)準是(shi)YY/T0086-2007;血液(ye)冷(leng)藏箱的(de)國(guo)家(jia)標(biao)準是(shi)GB/T21278-2007;低溫保存箱的(de)國(guo)家(jia)冰箱是(shi) GB/T20154-2014。
二、家用冰箱能當醫用冷藏箱用嗎
不能。
醫用(yong)(yong)冷(leng)藏(zang)箱(xiang)直接(jie)關系到臨(lin)床檢(jian)驗及(ji)臨(lin)床用(yong)(yong)血(xue)的安(an)全性(xing)和有(you)效性(xing),如(ru)(ru)果使用(yong)(yong)普通的家用(yong)(yong)冰(bing)箱(xiang)儲(chu)存,那(nei)些醫療樣本、試劑、血(xue)液會(hui)存在很大隱(yin)患,比如(ru)(ru)家用(yong)(yong)冰(bing)箱(xiang)箱(xiang)內溫度相差(cha)較大,當藥(yao)品或疫苗(miao)因堆放過多(duo)靠近內壁時(shi),就會(hui)發生冷(leng)壞情況,而(er)醫用(yong)(yong)冷(leng)藏(zang)箱(xiang)內有(you)專用(yong)(yong)風道隔(ge)離冷(leng)源(yuan),可保證溫度均勻(yun)恒(heng)定(ding),同時(shi)確保藥(yao)品及(ji)疫苗(miao)等(deng)生物制品不被凍損。
因此,不能使用(yong)家用(yong)冰箱代替醫用(yong)冷(leng)藏箱。