影響電動車電池壽命的因素

影響電動車電池(chi)壽命的(de)(de)(de)因素(su)可分成(cheng)三個(ge)方面。首先是(shi)(shi)蓄電池(chi)本身的(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)和質量，其次是(shi)(shi)電動車中與之配合的(de)(de)(de)因素(su)，第三是(shi)(shi)使用者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)使用情況我們將重點對第二(er)個(ge)因素(su)展(zhan)開(kai)討論(lun)。

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在(zai)電動(dong)車(che)系統中影響(xiang)蓄電池使用壽命的最(zui)主要因素有兩(liang)個(ge)：

一(yi)個(ge)是電(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)效率狀(zhuang)態，其次(ci)是充電(dian)器的(de)設(she)計。如果電(dian)機(ji)(ji)效率范(fan)圍較窄，一(yi)方(fang)面耗電(dian)水平增加(jia)，另一(yi)方(fang)面，經常工作在低效率區，電(dian)機(ji)(ji)內部容(rong)易發熱，當溫度過高時，磁(ci)性(xing)材料就會出現不可逆(ni)的(de)退磁(ci)，久(jiu)而久(jiu)之，效率進一(yi)步下(xia)降，從(cong)而進入惡(e)性(xing)循環(huan)，這(zhe)輛電(dian)動車就會變成某種意(yi)義(yi)上的(de)“電(dian)老虎”，即(ji)使更(geng)換了電(dian)池也會無濟于(yu)事。

另外導(dao)致電(dian)(dian)機降低(di)效率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)因(yin)素還有(you)：電(dian)(dian)刷的(de)(de)(de)過度磨損(sun)(sun)、平面換向器的(de)(de)(de)磨損(sun)(sun)，減(jian)速系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)磨損(sun)(sun)，等(deng)等(deng)，因(yin)此，顧(gu)客應選擇(ze)一(yi)種性(xing)能較好的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)機并注(zhu)意與維修服務(wu)保(bao)持聯系(xi)、到期更換磨損(sun)(sun)零件，這樣有(you)助(zhu)(zhu)于用(yong)好電(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)。當電(dian)(dian)動(dong)自(zi)行(xing)(xing)車(che)走(zou)進千家萬戶時，電(dian)(dian)動(dong)自(zi)行(xing)(xing)車(che)將逐漸被人們(men)所(suo)了解。通(tong)過對(dui)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)自(zi)行(xing)(xing)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)幾(ji)個主要技術參數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)簡單介紹，希望能有(you)助(zhu)(zhu)于增加人們(men)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)自(zi)行(xing)(xing)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)了解。

如何延長電動車電池壽命呢

對于騎(qi)電動車的上班族來(lai)說，最(zui)痛(tong)苦就是騎(qi)著(zhu)騎(qi)著(zhu)沒電了(le)，最(zui)最(zui)痛(tong)苦的是什么(me)(me)，電池壞了(le)，要花大把(ba)銀子來(lai)換。其實，電池怎(zen)么(me)(me)用比較省，大家也(ye)清楚，現在我來(lai)告(gao)訴大家，電池為什么(me)(me)會壽命短把(ba)。

一般來說，電動車電(dian)池放(fang)(fang)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)越(yue)(yue)大(da)，電(dian)池的(de)(de)壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)越(yue)(yue)短(duan)(duan);放(fang)(fang)電(dian)深度(du)越(yue)(yue)深，電(dian)池的(de)(de)壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)也越(yue)(yue)短(duan)(duan)。電(dian)動(dong)車(che)電(dian)池可以應付短(duan)(duan)時間的(de)(de)大(da)電(dian)流(liu)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)，這時候放(fang)(fang)電(dian)深度(du)不深。小電(dian)流(liu)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)，即(ji)便放(fang)(fang)電(dian)深度(du)稍微深一些，電(dian)池的(de)(de)壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)影響(xiang)也不大(da)。最怕連續大(da)電(dian)流(liu)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)且深度(du)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)的(de)時(shi)速(su)(su)在35公里的(de)時(shi)候放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流一(yi)般都在10A～17A，也(ye)就是(shi)在1C左右放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，所以放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流比(bi)較大。這樣(yang)(yang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)不僅僅容量(liang)要(yao)下(xia)(xia)降，而且使用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)都相(xiang)對(dui)比(bi)較短電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)的(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)深(shen)度也(ye)相(xiang)對(dui)要(yao)深(shen)一(yi)些。如果電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)的(de)車(che)速(su)(su)最(zui)大化，而且剎車(che)和(he)啟動(dong)(dong)加速(su)(su)頻繁，會對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)消耗更大。這樣(yang)(yang)就實(shi)際造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)實(shi)際使用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)只(zhi)有短短的(de)3～6個(ge)月，也(ye)就是(shi)說電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)最(zui)佳使用(yong)(yong)功(gong)率在6個(ge)月后呈(cheng)下(xia)(xia)降趨勢，你也(ye)就會發現(xian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)越來越慢了，越來越沒有勁了。

再次，小(xiao)編(bian)建(jian)議大家在騎電(dian)動車時不要(yao)猛加速(su)，不要(yao)猛剎車，這和(he)汽車的(de)原理是一樣(yang)的(de)。

電動車養護注意事項

1、勤充電

電動車鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)應保持隨(sui)用(yong)隨(sui)充電(dian)(dian)的(de)習慣，不(bu)能(neng)等到電(dian)(dian)池(chi)用(yong)光(guang)再充，這樣(yang)會影響電(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命。如(ru)長期不(bu)用(yong)，每月充一(yi)次電(dian)(dian)。充電(dian)(dian)請使用(yong)配套(tao)的(de)專(zhuan)用(yong)充電(dian)(dian)器。

2、多維護

如遇(yu)下雨積水，不(bu)能讓水淹沒輪(lun)轂中(zhong)心；下車時(shi)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)關閉電門，平時(shi)將(jiang)車胎充足氣；在上坡、頂風等重負荷情況下，用腳(jiao)踏助力；遇(yu)有(you)故(gu)障及(ji)(ji)時(shi)送廠家指定(ding)的特約(yue)維修(xiu)部維修(xiu)。

3、勤潤滑

根據使用(yong)情況，應對(dui)前軸、后軸、中軸、飛輪(lun)、前叉、避(bi)震器轉動(dong)支點等部件每半年(nian)至1年(nian)進行一次擦(ca)洗和潤(run)(run)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)（推(tui)薦使用(yong)二(er)硫(liu)化鉬潤(run)(run)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)脂）。電動(dong)輪(lun)轂內的傳動(dong)部件已涂上(shang)了(le)特殊的潤(run)(run)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)油(you)，用(yong)戶不必自行擦(ca)洗潤(run)(run)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)。